Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31

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Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31

active September 6, 1812 to January 5, 1919
Country coat of arms Kingdom of Prussia
Armed forces Prussian Army
Branch of service infantry
Type regiment
structure see structure
Insinuation see insinuations
Location see garrison
march Indra March (AM No. 155)
management
Commanders See commanders

The Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose '(first Thuringian) No. 31 was from 1812 to 1919 an infantry joined the Prussian army .

organization

Seal mark Royal Prussian 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31

Surname

  • March 25, 1815 - 31st Infantry Regiment
  • November 5, 1816 - 31st Infantry Regiment (3rd Magdeburg)
  • 4th July 1860 - 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31 (The Thuringian Guard)
  • August 11, 1894 - Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31

Allegations

1815
from 1816
November 5, 1816
1849
  • 2nd (improvised) Army Corps of the Army of Operations on the Rhine
    • 1st (improvised) division of the same
1866
1870
from May 26, 1871

structure

  • 1st and 2nd Battalion ( Musketeers )
  • III. Battalion ( fusiliers )
  • On January 14, 1851, a regular IV was formed from the three battalions.
  • September 3, 1866 - according to the AKO on the same day, the fourth battalions of the infantry regiments (if any) were disbanded.
  • An IV (half) battalion existed temporarily from 1893.

During the World War, the individual battalions were divided into rotating groups in the field

  • Rest Battalion (R Battalion)
  • Readiness Battalion (B Battalion)
  • Combat Battalion (K Battalion).

An IV (half) battalion also existed here temporarily.

Subordinate troops

  • The I./L 55 (L = Landwehr ) was assigned to the 2nd Battalion, which was assigned to Alsace
  • from September 1915 an artillery liaison officer (A.-V.-O.) improved the interaction between infantry and artillery
  • On December 18, 1916, a news company (news center department = NMA) was formed in the regimental staff
  • November 23, 1916, the 13th Company in one was infantry pioneer company (IPK) converted
  • In May 1917 a mine throwing department (M.-W.-A.) was formed
    • it consisted of three platoons each of which was assigned to a battalion MGK

Assignments

In the First World War were given up

  • August 13, 1914 - the 12th Company (12./31) was to be handed over to the Short Marine Gun Battery No. 3 ( 42 cm mortar ) to cover (return on October 19)
  • August 14, 1914 - the 2nd Company (2nd / 31st) was entrusted with guarding Liers Airport (return on August 23rd)
  • May 27, 1915 - the 14th / 31st is converted to the 6th / 31st, after it was retired to form the new Infantry Regiment No. 187.
  • 23/24 April 1917 - during the Spring Battle of Arras. the 85s were reinforced by battalion III./31
  • October 3, 1917 - I./31 becomes the 6th Bavarian Infantry regiment at Langemark provided

Armament and equipment

Main armament

Needle gun
  • From 1833 Saarner rifles were made. used.
  • From 1839 the flintlock rifles were replaced by percussion rifles. From 1854 the musketeers received needle guns .
    • The introduction of the buffer was postponed to 1872 due to the war.
  • Introduction of the M / 62 needle gun
    • Fusilier Battalion 1867.
    • Musketeer Battalions 1868.
  • From 1874 the M / 71 rifle was introduced.
  • In 1886 the army was re-armed with the repeating rifle 71/84 .
  • In 1889 the regiment was equipped with the Gewehr 88 .
  • For the first time, gray ring discs with glued-on head discs were used to assess the individual test shooting.
  • From 1906 the regiment was equipped with the Gewehr 98 .
  • From 1909 the 4th Company (1st Battalion) became the Machine Gun Company (MGK) .
  • As the first new weapon in trench warfare, the regiment used the mine thrower (MW) from January 1915 .
  • Furthermore, the soldiers of the regiment were equipped with hand grenades from January 1915 .
  • From April 1915, each battalion got its own bulwark car .
    • In return, the regiment's four-horse entrenchment car was returned.
  • From the summer of 1915, gas protection equipment was standard equipment in the trench.
  • From July 1916, flamethrowers were used in the regiment .
  • From June 1917 the machine gun MG 08/15 was used.
  • From April 1918, shooting cups were issued.
  • From May 1918 the M1918 tank rifle came into use.

uniform

The basic color was originally green with red collar tabs and lapels , for battalions I., II., III. and IV., with the battalions V., VI. and VII. were both light blue. The color of the armpit flaps were red for battalions I. and V. II. And VI. white, III. and VII. yellow and IV. blue.

They wore gray trousers with red piping, which in summer was white, gray coats with low shakos in the Russian style, and black leather clothes. A flaming grenade made of sheet brass was attached to the flap of the cartridge pouch.

In the 1815 campaign, the regiment wore new uniforms:

  • light blue collar and lapels
  • dark blue patten
  • red lap trim
  • yellow armpit tabs with red 31
  • Swords in musketeer battalions
  • scarlet collar (AKO of 1816)
  • red armpits, cuffs and flaps (AKO from 1818)

Changes made in 1820

  • dark blue coats with regimental numbers
  • dark blue cap with red stripes (and from 1842 additionally with national cockade )

Changes under Friedrich Wilhelm IV.

  • The shakos. and the knee fixed laps are helmet and tunic replaced
  • the leather goods that crossed over the chest, the knapsack chest strap of the saber hanger and the cartridge pocket bandolier were abolished
  • the waist strap was introduced
  • Double jackets were introduced
Soldier of the 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31

March 16, 1867

  • instead of the collar tabs, red collars were introduced throughout
  • the low stand-up collars of the coats are replaced by high collars
  • the rear rail of the helmet fell away
  • instead of two pairs of short-sleeved boots, you now got a pair of short- and long-sleeved boots

March 12, 1887

  • Knapsacks and cookware have been made smaller
  • Changes to the helmet:
    • No rail on the front screen
    • Scale chains are being replaced by leather storm straps
  • instead of white leather gear, black is now worn
  • The best rifle companies in the Army Corps wore sleeve badges from 1895 .
  • On the occasion of the 100th birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm I, Wilhelm II decreed that the army should wear the imperial cockade in addition to the state cockade .

First World War

Officers

  • All officers wore shakos. Triangular hats with a black feather could be worn outside of service.
  • The skirt was to be worn buttoned.
  • Ring collars were to be worn in front duty.
  • The sash was always worn.
  • Only staff officers and aides wore spurs .
  • All officers wore swords on a belt made of black leather with dark trousers, otherwise white leather.
  • Wearing the overcoat made of dark green cloth was only permitted outside of duty.
  • It was forbidden to wear field caps during parades .
  • Infantry officers , like the commoners , wore knapsacks .
  • Wearing a mustache was prohibited.
  • When they joined the Prussian Army , the officers dropped the Russian standard.
  • June 9, 1859 - All the captains were mounted.
  • 1889
    • Those on horseback had to wear high boots when serving on horseback .
    • Since epaulettes were only to be worn for parade and social purposes , modified armpits were introduced.
    • Wearing spurs became compulsory for captains .
    • The saddlecloths were simplified and no longer had a gold braid.
    • The previous white was replaced by a reed-colored helmet cover.
  • 1893
    • The previous gray paletot was replaced by a black paletot .
    • The chief of the company with the best shooting result was awarded a bust of Sr. Majesty (the expression for His Majesty at the time).
  • 1894
    • The chief of the best rifle company was decorated with a fishing line .
  • 1895
    • For the small service one was Litewka of blue fabric introduced.
  • 1896
  • 1899
    • The officers' baggage was restricted to a prescribed level.
    • A gray cloak was introduced.
    • From then on, red-brown gloves were required for maneuvers.

Standard bearer

  • 1898
    • The flag bearers received a corresponding badge on the left sleeve,
    • as well as a half-length side gun of a new design with the handle of an officer's sword
    • For the service with helmet one was gorget from brass to create.

Medical officers

  • April 29, 1869
  • 1896
  • February 13, 1913
    • Medical teams, who worked on the medical officers, wore the uniform of their unit via AKO. They were recognizable by the fact that they wore an Aesculapian staff made of yellow fabric on their right upper arm as a distinguishing feature.

Teams

  • From 1888 the whole regiment received black leather gear . In the summer, the Model 87 personal equipment was introduced. After that, in addition to the two front ones, a rear cartridge pouch was carried and the short-shafted boot was replaced by a lace-up shoe .
  • 1889
    • For outstanding shooting performance, the soldier in question was one of a silver braid provided with black stripes sharpshooter awarded
  • 1891
    • For the small service. the wearing of a Litewka made of blue fabric was introduced
  • 1893 From that year (until 1895), canteens , drinking cups and cooking utensils made of aluminum were introduced. Furthermore, the equipment was expanded to include portable tent equipment.
    • From then on the rifle cord consisted of a braided, silver cord.
    • The company with the best shooting results was allowed to wear a special badge on the left sleeve
  • 1894
  • 1895

Music corps

  • 1898
    • The clothing of the bar hoboists was made of finer cloth than the tunic for better emphasis
    • The shoulder pieces were now made of edging cord
    • The cloth pads (shoulder pieces) were to be provided in the colors of the troop unit
    • A waist band was put on in the manner of an officer's field bandage

banner

Flag of the IV Battalion

By AKO on October 3 and December 12, 1815, each battalion of the regiment received its flag by brigade order of February 7, 1816 . These were also provided with the ribbon of the war memorial for 1815. They arrived in Erfurt in April and were nailed to the brigade commander's house by the oldest battalion soldiers.

On April 21, 1816, the musketeers of the 26th and 31st of the garrison gathered on the ditch , where their flags were in the presence of the commandant of Erfurt, General v. Bronikowski, were blessed.

The latter received on January 12, 1861, in recognition of their services in the campaigns of 1848/49, the ribbon of the military medal with swords.

After the battalions returned to their garrisons from the German war , their flags received the flag ribbon of the commemorative cross for the 1866 campaign with swords on March 3, 1867 .

After the Franco-Prussian War , the flags were awarded the Iron Cross in the flag tips. The rod of the flag of the 1st Battalion was also given a silver ring with the inscription Beaumont (August 30th) 1870 . Furthermore, the damaged ribbon was replaced and the remains were put together in a loop using a clasp with a silver plate bearing the same inscription.

The appearance of the newly awarded flags of the Line Infantry Regiments of the Prussian Army was standardized by the Emperor in 1890 and aligned and regulated accordingly on the armpits of the soldier's uniform according to the respective corps to which the regiment belonged . The old flags were replaced by the new ones the next time the regiment took part in the imperial maneuver.

On August 18, 1895, the flags received the ribbon of the war memorial coin 1870/71 . The silver clasps obtained for this purpose were labeled: Beaumont, Sedan, Pierresitte u. Stains, Epinai, Stains u. Epinai, Paris

On January 1, 1900, the flags received secular clasps on black and silver flag ribbons.

At the imperial maneuver on September 5, 1904 in Lurup , on the occasion of the imperial parade, the regiment was awarded a new flag by Kaiser Wilhelm II and the flags were renewed.

With the letter of appreciation for the 100th anniversary of the regiment from the emperor, the flags were awarded secular ribbons.

Since the regimental flags could no longer be used in the original sense during the First World War, they were sent back to the General Command in Altona at the end of July 1915 .

history

Lineup

In the Russian-German Legion three battalions were set up, which formed the 2nd Brigade . These were battalions 3, 4 and 6. The 3rd was in Mitau in 1813 , the 4th in Königsberg i. Pr. Formed from different groups. The 6th battalion was set up from January (in Landsberg a. W. ) to August 1814 (in Sternberg ). It was recruited from the teams of the Saxon infantry regiment Prince Maximilian, which was once captured near Lüneburg . Von Wardenburg was appointed captain of the brigade by the Russian Guard , who had converted to the Legion as a lieutenant colonel .

Legion Battalion officer man Horses Σ
3rd battalion 18th 839 35 857
4th battalion 17th 832 46 849
6th battalion 16 519 3 535
Σ 51 2,190 84 2,241

The German Legion was the German III. Army Corps, Lieutenant General von Thielmann , who was subordinate to the Lower Rhine Army , General Graf Kleist von Nollendorf . With the army order of July 9, 1814, the 1st Brigade formed the 1st Regiment and the 2nd the 2nd Regiment of the German Legion. Colonel Carl von Clausewitz took command of the Legion and Colonel Ferdinand von Stülpnagel of the 2nd regiment. Battalions III., IV. And VI. became I., II. and III., the latter being called Fusilier Battalion from May 10, 1815. According to the AKO of March 25, 1815, it was determined that all infantry regiments should be named after their trunk number.

The 1st regiment of the Legion received number 30 and the 2nd received 31st. The regiment joined the Prussian Army on March 29, 1815.

September 6, 1812 was set as the regiment's foundation day.

garrison

Weißenfels Castle
Chromolithography by Reinicke & Rubin
Victoria barracks
1849/50 (1st and fusilier battalion)

The regiment's peacetime

On December 8, 1815, the musketeers moved into the quarters that were initially assigned in Erfurt and the fusiliers in Nordhausen . They were moved from Nordhausen to Langensalza in March 1816 , but returned to Nordhausen in November. Around 1818 they received a garrison in Erfurt. The 2nd Battalion returned to Nordhausen after the autumn maneuver of the year. It stayed here for two years and then moved to Weißenfels. There the castle served as a barracks. When they returned from the Rhine , the fusiliers stayed in Weißenfels and the musketeers in Erfurt. The two-year service period was introduced and a regimental library, starting with 200 books, was established.

When the regiment was assembled for a maneuver in Querfurt in 1830 , the order was given to the IV Army Corps to march on the Rhine.

From May to August 1831, Prince Adalbert served as chief of the 9th Company of the Fusilier Battalion .

In 1833 the regiment moved into a tent camp for the first time. It was near Rothensee near Magdeburg .

Bugle music was introduced in 1837 as the army's first fusilier battalion.

The festivities for the 25th anniversary of the regiment began on March 31, 1838 with a parade of the musketeer battalions on Friedrich Wilhelmplatz in Erfurt (once the Graben ).

In 1842, under Friedrich Wilhelm IV , the way the rifle was carried was amended. Instead of being held by the fist at the bottom of the butt on the left shoulder as before, it was now to be carried by the right hand on the trigger guard . The companies were divided into columns .

There were also effects of the 1848 revolution in Erfurt. From here, the capital of democracy , efforts were made to proclaim the Republic of Thuringia . The revolutionaries formed their own militia . In order to strengthen the Erfurt garrison, the Erfurt Landwehr Battalion was called up on November 19. On November 24th, there was the only major battle in the city during the revolution. One of the musket battalions was sent to Altenburg on March 16, 1849 to maintain order , from where it returned on May 30.

In 1850, a mixed division under General Prince Radziwill was formed in Erfurt, where the 2nd Battalion remained as a reserve.

The two-year period of service introduced in 1837 was changed to three-year in 1852.

At the coronation celebrations of King Wilhelm I in Königsberg , the regiment was represented by its commander and the flag. Your appointed there regimental commander greeted his regiment for the first time on 19 November 1863 in Erfurt and celebrated with him on March 31, 1865 the 50th Regiment anniversary .

By the war ministerial decree of June 3, 1869, Weißenfels was given up as a garrison location.

passe-partout

After the end of the Franco-Prussian War, the regiment joined the IX. Army Corps and moved into on 3rd / 4th July 1871 their new garrison in Altona, where the Viktoria barracks were soon built. Until then they were in the central and cavalry barracks. The division commander, Lieutenant General Karl von Wrangel , visited the companies on October 2nd .

The AKO of 1873 and 1875 abandoned the counter-march , the formation of columns by pushing the trains in front of each other and developing from the depths.

On October 29, 1871, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the regiment's service, he was presented with a sword donated by officers, doctors and paymasters of the regiment. After his death, his wife, Therese von Barnim, gave the 31 officer corps the sword on condition that their commander would have to wear it on festive occasions. Since then, the sword has rested in a glass case in the officers' mess and was only worn on the Emperor's birthday.

On 2 September 1873 the anniversary of the capitulation of Sedan, which was à la suite of the regiment standing Commanding General of the IX. Army Corps appointed its new chief. Fort no. 11 of the Strasbourg fortress had already been named "Bose" the day before.

The 75th anniversary of the regiment was celebrated on March 31, 1890. The parade was held by the commanding general, General of the Infantry Paul von Leszczynski .

Imperial maneuvers

  • 1875 - The 31st took part in the maneuver that took place that year near Rostock for the first time and were led past the emperor by their boss at the parade.
  • 1904 - at the imperial parade of the maneuver that took place in Altona that year, the regiment received the new flags nailed on August 28 in the Berlin armory by the emperor, Colonel General Wilhelm von Hahnke , the Count von Schlieffen and others. They were consecrated in the atrium in the presence of the Catholic field provost of the army, from the military chief pastor, Consistorial Councilor Max Wölfing .

Price shooting

In order to increase the quality of the shooting, an annual shooting competition was established for officers and non-commissioned officers of the corps.

  • The best officer received one with the name Se. Your Majesty's sword.
  • The best sergeant received a gold watch.

From 1890 onwards:

  • the best shooter of the best shooting company in the corps an emperor's badge
  • the company commander a silver shield
  • the officers' mess of the regiment has an imperial bust as a permanent reminder

With AKO, the price shooting was no longer up to date, completely abolished and replaced by comparison shooting. In addition, the regiment's combat shooting was held in the group for the first time.

The regiment shot themselves the imperial badge from 1898 to 1904 and 1909.

Campaigns

Wars of Liberation

→ Main article: Wars of Liberation

Russian campaign
Campaign in Mecklenburg

In August 1812, the Russian-German Legion , from which the regiment later emerged alongside other units, was formed. Lieutenant Colonel von Wardenburg led the 2nd Brigade.

In the battle of the Göhrde he led them past Oldendorf , into the rear of the enemy. A few days later it took part in the reconnaissance at Büchen and became an outpost at Boizenburg / Elbe .

Campaign in Holstein and blockade of Hamburg

The 2nd Brigade was under the "Wallmoden" corps of the avant-garde under General Wilhelm von Dörnberg . The French under Davout were pushed back behind the Stecknitz and Trave .

On December 4, 1813, she fought in the battle near Boden and on the following day moved on to Oldesloe, which had already been abandoned . On the way to Segeberg she encountered resistance near Klein Gladebrugge . On the way from Sehestedt to Habye, the battle took place at Sehestedt , the brigade pushed the Danes back to Rendsburg and stayed there until the armistice .

On January 18, 1814, the "Wallmoden" corps set out for Harburg and reached the Elbe three days later . Both Hamburg and the Harburg bridgehead were occupied by the troops of Maréchal Davout and were blocked . After two skirmishes on new territory , the cities were conquered. The brigade then marched to Bremen , where they took part in a parade in front of the Duke of Cambridge as well as the returned Duke of Oldenburg .

On March 23, at Wallmoden's instigation, the brigade was entrusted with the siege of the fortress of Antwerp , where news of the outcome of the Battle of Paris , which ended the war, arrived on April 6 . Since z. For example, when the Russian and Belgian legion members moved home, the legion threatened to disintegrate. Prussia offered the Germans that they could enter the Prussian service while retaining their ranks. So the Russian-German became a German Legion. This then paraded for the first time as such on July 21, 1814 in front of General Friedrich von Kleist in Aachen .

Belgium campaign

At noon on June 16, 1815, the Legion, coming from Namur , arrived at the Point du Jour. From there, the development of the Battle of Ligny was first followed . Only when the division of General Hulot advanced on Mont Potriaux at around 4 p.m. did the regiment, which had been passive up to then, begin to actively participate in the battle by closing the gap and to hold up the division. For the following counterattack, however, it had to leave the village in the direction of Sombreffe . Gneisenau , north of Brye, had given the order to retreat to Wavre . Shortly after midnight, the Thielmann Corps then left Sombreffe as Arrièregarde .

The purpose of the Battle of Wavre was to prevent the French from marching to Waterloo . The French there were to receive no reinforcements. For the time being, the 31ers defended three crossings over the Dijle . When the French cavalry crossed this somewhere else, Stülpnagel ordered to withdraw from the crossings. Although the crossings could not be held, the resulting delay for the French was so great that they could not arrive on time. So the news arrived that Napoleon had been crushed at Waterloo . The French forces had to leave Belgium and the campaign was over.

The Prussians followed the retreating French towards Paris . When it became known that Paris was setting up defense, it was decided to bypass Paris in order to enter the city from the south. On the way there, the corps was still involved in the battle of Issy on July 3, 1815 , but was able to move into the city on July 8, 1815. On September 21, the corps left the city again and paraded in front of King Friedrich Wilhelm III for the first time on October 3 . in the Grenelle plain .

The campaign ended with the Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815.

The regiment on the Rhine

After the July Revolution and the subsequent independence of Belgium, the troop strength in the west was increased. So the regiment marched to Koblenz , from where they were assigned Cologne as a provisional garrison. On September 28, 1830, the regiment moved to the Franziskaner barracks and the Blankenheimer Hof .

On December 31, 1831, Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , who was appointed Governor General of the Rhine Province , arrived in Cologne. His son, Prince Adalbert, was transferred to the regiment and took over the command of the 9th Company on May 3, 1831, and the command of the Fusilier Battalion from July to August.

In May 1832 the corps was ordered to return to its home province. However, due to the unrest expected in Aachen in July, the withdrawal was delayed. The regiment's fusilier battalion moved into temporary quarters between Jülich and Aachen. The regiment then withdrew in mid-August and reached its old garrisons in September.

The Fusilier Battalion in Berlin

→ Main article: German Revolution 1848/49

Since the revolutionary movement of February 1848 ( February Revolution ) spread from Paris to Germany's large cities , the commandant's office in Berlin contacted the General Command of the Guard Corps . In order to successfully counteract the disturbance of public order , the use of foreign troops was considered.

Since this threatened in Saxony, and especially Leipzig, Major General Franz Karl von Werder put together an observation corps in Halle from troops of the IV Army Corps, among them the 31 Fusilier Battalion, on March 11th. On the 17th the battalion was loaded to Berlin (March Revolution), where it was subordinated to the 5th Infantry Brigade, Major General Wilhelm von Thümen . This in turn was subordinate to General Karl von Prittwitz .

After the fighting and the barricade uprising , King Friedrich Wilhelm IV made concessions to the rebels. One of those concessions was the return of all troops to their barracks or the withdrawal of foreign troops.

German-Danish War

→ Main article: Schleswig-Holstein War (1848-1851)

The fusilier battalion coming from Berlin during the March Revolution was transported by train from Nauen to Havelberg on March 28th and was supposed to reach Rendsburg on April 11th via Altona . Lieutenant General Prince Radziwill was appointed commander of the Prussian troops. Captain von Fransecky, who would later become regimental commander, was on the general staff .

Until April 23, 1848, on this day the battle of Schleswig took place, the 2nd column, under General Friedrich von Wrangel and commanded by Major General von Bonin , assembled . Part of the column was the battalion. That day the column advanced in the direction of Schleswig and reached the Danewerk around noon . In the evening it was that Gottorf Castle and Schleswig were conquered. The Danes withdrew on both sides of the Langsee . In the following days the battalion advanced via Flensburg and Aabenraa to Kolding . It stayed there until May 25th. From there it marched to the castle of Gravenstein , where it bivouacked .

During the battle of Düppel on June 5th, Ernst August's birthday from Hanover , the 31ers came from the west towards Düppel and took it with them. Due to the inadequate soutien (support) one was forced to leave the village again during the night. After the battle, which was broken off during the night, the enemy offensive was expected during the day, but it did not materialize. The battalion marched back to Flensburg on the 20th .

The war ended with the Malmö Armistice on August 26th. From September 5th the battalion was on the march back, reached Spandau on September 20th and took part in a parade in front of the king the following day. Because of the ongoing tumult in Berlin, the battalion was quartered near the city. On November 10th, it entered Berlin through the Oranienburger Tor . On November 24th it was commanded to Brandenburg to maintain order. When the situation eased, it was withdrawn on December 15 and marched into the home garrison.

Campaign in Baden

→ Main article: Baden Revolution

During the imperial constitution campaign , the deposed Grand Duke Leopold von Baden asked the German Confederation for help in the spring of 1849. As a result, Prussia set up two army corps, which included the 1st and the Fusilier Battalion of the 31st. The two corps and the Neckar corps stood as an army of operations on the Rhine under the command of the future emperor.

Operation Army on the Rhine ( Prince of Prussia )

On May 1st the mobilization order for the 1st and Fusilier Battalions was issued, the 2nd, which served as a reserve, did not arrive until the 15th. The fusiliers used the needle gun for the first time in this campaign .

On June 21, Ladenburg and the railway bridge there were attacked and taken. The corps left the city on the 22nd for Heidelberg . The insurgents who had withdrawn there under Mierosławski were driven out of the area in the early morning hours of June 23rd after the battle near Heidelberg.

As part of the military reconnaissance, there was a reconnaissance battle near Ötigheim on June 28, 1849 . The troops moved on to Rastatt, leading the battle on the Federbach and Hirschgrund, while crossing the Murg , the battle at stone walls followed . The fortress Rastatt was surrounded by the Prussian troops. The leader of the insurgents Ludwik Mierosławski resigned his high command and fled to Switzerland. While the Prince of Prussia and the other corps moved further south, the 2nd Army Corps carried out the siege of Rastatt. The regiment was involved in the enclosure of the fortress from the Ettling side. After eight days, the besieged made an unsuccessful attempt to retire at Rauenthal and gave up on July 23rd.

On 19./20. November 1850, the battalions were moved by rail to Eisenach , where they should join the "Gröben" corps. With the conclusion of the Olomouc Treaty , the corps was dissolved. It was decreed on January 26, 1851 that the IVth Army Corps would have to move back to its peace garrisons.

German war

→ Main article: German war

After war readiness had been ordered on May 3, 1866 and the order to mobilize arrived on May 6, 1866 in Erfurt and Weißenfels , the augmentation teams were mobilized and on May 16/17. leave the garrisons. Prussia left the German Confederation on June 14th .

2nd Army ( Friedrich Karl of Prussia )

The advance guard of the 8th Division encountered the enemy for the first time on the 24th and defeated them in the battle near Langenbrück . On the evening of June 26th it fought under Brigadier General and later regiment chief Julius von Bose in the night battle near Podol . He led the regiment because its commander had died the day before.

Battle of Königgrätz (painting by Georg Bleibtreu )

The Crown Prince of Saxony , commander in chief of the Saxon troops fighting against Prussia , intended to march to Josephstadt to join the main army and to cover the march with the rear guard in Münchengrätz .

On the morning of the 28th, the 8th Division left Podol , crossed the Jizera and went to the battle of Münchengrätz . When the division had then crossed the recently conquered Gitschin , the former head of department in the War Ministry and now newly appointed regimental commander of the 31 arrived.

The Bistrita on the morning of the 3rd of July at Sowetitz border reached the Division in the Hola forest. Here she was on standby for about five hours. When the battle was over, the buglers gave the signal at 3 p.m.: “The whole thing should advance” and the 31ers advanced from the forest to Stresetitz . From now on the march was in general direction on the Danube . The Moravian border was crossed on July 11th and quarters were taken in Czernahoras Castle on July 12th . On July 17th the regiment arrived in Holitsch (Hungary). At the suggestion of General von Bose in the conference in Count Palffy's castle in Stampfen , the position near Blumenau was bypassed not to the west, as in the Hungarian Revolution , but to the east. On the morning of July 22nd, the 8th Division was south of Bisternitz when the battle near Blumenau , the last battle between Prussians and Austrians, began. At 12 noon it was canceled as the armistice came into effect. On the 31st at 9 o'clock in the morning, the IV. Army Corps, the reserve cavalry and part of the III. Army Corps at Unter-Gänserdorf on the Marchfelde in the face of the Stephansturm in front of their King Wilhelm. The chief of the regiment led his 31st. From there, the regiment went to its home garrison.

Franco-German War

On the morning of July 16, 1870, the order to mobilize was issued to the 31st, who were mobilized within nine days.

2nd Army (Friedrich Karl of Prussia)
Map to the battle of Sedan

On August 7, the regiment crossed the French border at Petit-Réderching . From August 20, the Guard Corps , the IV. And XII. the so-called Maas Army (4th Army) formed under the command of the Crown Prince of Saxony . When the 31s crossed Anzécourt on August 26th, King Wilhelm drove past them for the first and only time in this campaign. He was just moving the headquarters from Bar-le-Duc to Clermont . The next day the 31s bypassed Verdun . North of Beaumont , the division moved into the battle at Beaumont .

After the battle, the troops moved to the Meuse . The IV. Army Corps was to be available for support west of Mouzon and then fought in the Battle of Sedan . Then the corps advanced towards Paris . The 31ers used the same paths they had taken 55 years earlier. There were the first signs of franc tireurs .

The siege of Paris began on September 19th. During this, the regiment took part in battles at Pierrefitte , Montmagny and Épinay .

For the imperial proclamation in January 1871 in Versailles , deputations from the IV Army Corps , such as those of the 31st, were assigned. The IV Corps was demobilized on March 27th. By order of May 26, the regiment moved from the IV. To the IX. Army Corps, the AKO of April 11, 1871 assigned the Altona Regiment as a new garrison, the 36th Infantry Brigade became part of the 18th Division and on May 29th, the 31st began their march back. The border was crossed at Saarlouis on June 25th. From Birkenfeld the railway brought the regiment to their new garrison.

The regiment was received by General Gustav von Manstein at the Hamburg Zeughausmarkt and led through the suburb of St. Pauli to the Altona border. On the square at the end of Altonaer Königstrasse , they were received by Mayor Vogler, on behalf of Mayor Friedrich Gottlieb Eduard von Thaden .

Boxer Rebellion

One officer, nine NCOs and 48 men took part in the action in China. Except for one musketeer who died there, they all returned.

First World War

→ Main article: First World War

With the mobilization of Austria-Hungary on July 31, 1914, the “threat of war” was proclaimed in Germany. The regiment was mobilized from August 2nd to 6th before it moved out and arrived in Aachen on August 9th , where it was to stay for two days.

Catering strength
officer man Horses Σ
Regts. Staff 3 52 15th 55
I. Battalion 30th 1,129 103 1,159
II Battalion 26th 1,052 58 1,078
III. battalion 26th 1,054 58 1,080
Σ 85 3,287 234 3,372
Combat strength
officer man MG Ammunition cart Σ
Rgts.-Rod 2 2
I. Battalion 22nd 949 6th 3 971
II Battalion 22nd 971 939
III. battalion 22nd 959 981
Σ 68 2,879 6th 3 2,937

The 1st Army under the command of Colonel General Alexander von Kluck and the IX. Army Corps ( Commanding General Ferdinand von Quast ) was subordinate to the 18th Division of Lieutenant General Max von Kluge . It consisted, among other things, of the 36th Infantry Brigade, which Baron von Troschke commanded and to which the regiment belonged.

1914

On August 11th, the regiment passed the border and, according to the Schlieffen plan, first moved towards Liège . On the way there the destroyed Battice was crossed. The II. Battalion received the command of the village Hermée , the III. Battalion to burn down the town of Vivegnis. In both villages there were allegedly franchise shooters. These have been feared on the part of the Germans since the Franco-Prussian War. The regiment received its baptism of fire on the way to Tirlemont in the battle of the Gette , which was followed by the night battle at Cumptich. Then it fought at Obourg in the battle of Mons . At Curgies the regiment entered French soil on August 25th. After a battle at Château-Thierry , the regiment reached the Marne at the beginning of the Battle of the Marne . Together with the 85s, Courgivaux was conquered and fought after passing the Ourcq near Ormoy before the 1st Army withdrew behind the Aisne . Without knowing it, the turning point of the war was reached here.

The 31 fought in the Battle of the Aisne , received the first Altona replacement transport on September 19 , and conquered Autrêches , coming from Moulin-sous-Touvent . With which for the unit the war of movement ended and the war of positions began. On October 6, the regiment was withdrawn to the rearward Blérancourt in order to form the Troschke brigade of the new von Luckwald infantry division with the Hamburg infantry regiment (2nd Hanseatic) No. 76 . Major Marggraff was appointed in November from the sister regiment of the 36th Infantry Brigade as the new commander of the regiment, the regiment itself was vaccinated against typhus and the population of Autrêche, as they were suspected of espionage, was relocated to the rear.

1915
Richard Dehmel (X) in the trench

The 2nd Battalion left the regimental association on January 3rd . On January 7, the 54-year-old war volunteer poet Richard Dehmel , who had come to the regiment with the first replacement, was promoted to lieutenant .

The reserve battalion took part in a parade in front of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the commander-in-chief of the 1st Army, Alexander von Kluck, in Blèrancourt on March 16, along with other reserves . On the occasion of its 100th anniversary, the regiment received a letter of appreciation from the emperor on March 25, 1915.

After three days of artillery bombardment, the so-called June fighting of Moulin-sous-Touvent began when the enemy tried to break through the position of Fusilier Regiment No. 86 . The resting companies of the 31 and 85 were immediately made available to the regiment. Despite heavy losses on both sides, the front remained stable.

From the middle of September the corps was subordinate to the 7th Army . In September the enemy, under the commanders Joffre and French , attempted to break through the Artois and Champagne . On September 25th, the companies 3./31 and 7./31 as well as 1./86 and 3./86, which were in corps reserve, were transferred to the autumn battle in Champagne as a composite battalion .

In mid-October the 18th Infantry Division was transferred to the 3rd Army after a 13-month positional war . The Battle of Champagne was nearing its end and the 31s were deployed at Sainte-Marie-à-Py .

The 2nd Battalion in the Vosges

At the end of 1914, a theater of war of minor importance in Upper Alsace near the Swiss border developed into a potential weak point on the western front. To counteract this, a mixed brigade from the IX. Army Corps and the IX. Reserve corps formed.

The brigade was composed of:

  • Reserve Infantry Regiment 75
  • Weber Regiment
    • II./31
    • II./84
    • II./ 89

She conquered and held the Hartmannsweiler head . In March she was transferred to Gehweiler , from where the 31ers returned to Autrêches in April.

1916

The "Champagne connoisseur" enterprise, the conquest and assertion of opposing territory, took place on February 12th. The purpose of this enterprise was to divert the opponent's attention from another enterprise in the corps area. The recently acquired teachings of Willy Rohr were applied to this. One company was used as an assault team and flame throwers were used. However, the French succeeded in taking parts of the area they had won on the 24th and 25th. Retake February. On March 1, the regiment left the front for convalescence and returned on the 16th.

In contrast to the 85s, the 31ers were ultimately unable to take part in the gas attack that the company "Neue Feldküche" had been preparing since April 17th, but which could not be carried out for the time being due to the weather. Their gas bottles were dismantled on May 21st.

The corps was relieved on June 18 and was initially a reserve of the OHL . Then it came to the Somme . In the first deployment of the 31s in the Battle of the Somme , they were pushed back from Horngy via Misery to Licourt, before being withdrawn into the stage on July 26th . There the regiment paraded on August 9 in Wassigny in front of the commanding General Ferdinand von Quast des IX. Army Corps. On August 17th the regiment was back on the Somme. It was in front of Estrées , from where the enemy attacked on September 4th and pushed the 31s, who lost their 6th company, back behind Berny. In a counterattack the next day only Berny could be retaken before the front line froze again. The local wear and tear was over for the 31 on September 7th.

The division was loaded and assigned to the 6th Army in the Army Group "Crown Prince Rupprecht" about two kilometers south of Agnies , which was occupied by the British . Alberich's preparations began at the end of November . After ten days of rest, the 31ers were relocated to Miraumont on the Ancre , a tributary of the Somme.

1917

During the trench warfare on the Ancre, the regiment lost its 4th company. After it had been withdrawn there in February, it was used again with Operation Alberich after the arrival of the new regimental commander. In March the regiment was in position west of Erviller . As of March 16, the division was pulled out of the front under the command of the commander of the 85, Major Paul Thümmel , and marched back to the Siegfried position over the next three days .

On Easter Monday, the day on which the spring battle of Arras began, the 31ers received the order in their resting quarters to take up positions between Gavrelle Ruhe Rœux . April 11th was supposed to be a major day of combat for the 31st, reinforced by Company 2./85 , as they fended off an attack. The painter Nikolaus Bachmann , who visited the positions several times during the war, captured this day in a painting from his personal impressions for the regiment .

After the regiment had left its position on April 24th, it was briefed behind the Siegfried Front in the new approach to defense. From the Battle of the Somme one had learned that from now on the defenses should no longer consist of individual lines with bases, but of line systems and groups of bases divided into depth.

On May 2, a company composed of each battalion took part in a parade at Cambrai in front of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army Group ( Rupprecht of Bavaria ) and that of the 6th Army ( Ludwig von Falkenhausen ).

Relocated to Flanders , the 31ers moved into resting quarters south of Bruges from the end of August . Here the regiment paraded in front of 'Kronprinz Rupprecht' on September 13th. Then it was used on the left wing of the group " Dixmuiden " ( 4th Army ) in the Houhoulster Forest section in the Third Battle of the Ypres .

On October 13, the regiment in the division unit was withdrawn towards the eastern front to the reserves of Army Group Eichhorn. Their headquarters was in Vilnius and was reached after a five-day journey. After a parade of all stationed regiments in front of the Commander-in-Chief, Hermann von Eichhorn , on November 20 , the division was relocated to the west again after five weeks.

On the 26th, the 31ers reached Mulhouse , within sight of the Hartmannweiler Kopf, the Molkenrain and the Großer Belchen . Since a French attack was expected in Sundgau , the division was at the disposal of Army Department B ( Erich von Gündell ).

1918
Operation Michael of the German spring offensive

On January 27, 1918, a parade took place in front of the commanding general of the X Army Corps, after which the regiment left Mulhouse on February 10 for Cambrais.

The regiment was transferred to the Gonnelieu ― Villers-Guislain section of the “Busigny” group . From mid-February, the division became the intervention division again in order to prepare for the planned spring offensive . When the offensive came to a halt in early April, the regiment fought between Corbie - Bray . From April 18, the intervention division of the XXIII. Reserve Corps and was at rest in Marcoing . Its commanding General Hugo von Kathen visited the regiment on April 21, before it returned to the front on May 6. The 31er retired on May 8th for the duration of the mission from the association of the 18th Infantry Division and were tactically subordinate to the 199th .

The regiment was loaded near Cambrai and transferred to Tournai in the 1st Reserve Corps stage . When the tide turned on the spring offensive, the division was transferred to the Corps Hoffmann ( Peter von Hofmann ). The division split into three groups. One of them was the Enckevort group . It was her job to secure the heights around cuffies . On July 27, the group marched to Quincy-sous-le-Mont , to serve as the Army Group Reserve of the group "von Etzel" of the XVII. Army Corps to serve.

On the night of September 3, the division withdrew from the Vesle behind the Aisne under the code "River Shipping" . The regiment was now in the section at Chavonne and was transferred from there to Vailly on September 5th , where they were to lose their 2nd company on the 14th. On September 27th, the 7th Army was taken back to the Damenweg under the heading "Downhill" .

Since the Siegfried position, the extension of which to the north could be seen as the Damenweg, was abandoned in October, the German troops also left the Chemin des Dames and retreated to the rear Hermann position or the Hunding position . When the enemy broke through at Le Cateau , the 31 battalions were assigned to reinforce the Aisonville section near Aisonville ― Bernoville . From there the regiment had to withdraw on October 19 to the bank of the Oise-Sambre Canal in Tupiny . The regiment's last day of major combat was to take place here on November 4th. The enemy crossed the canal and the 31st had lost their position battalion and 5th company that evening. The regiment withdrew and had reached the Antwerp-Maas position on the evening of the 10th.

Officers
dead used presumably Σ %
1914 9 25th 4th 38 15.6
1915 8th 9 - 17th 7.0
1916 15th 34 15th 64 26.4
1917 14th 30th 18th 62 25.5
1918 15th 44 3 62 25.5
losses 61 142 40 243 100
NCOs and men
dead used presumably Σ %
1914 216 738 384 1,338 12.5
1915 237 730 28 995 9.3
1916 391 2,524 979 3,894 36.5
1917 360 1,184 651 2,195 20.6
1918 388 1,370 488 2,246 21.1
losses 1,592 6,546 2,530 10,668 100

Whereabouts

Hotel Kaiserhof

The 18th Army withdrew via Namur and crossed the Meuse near Lustin on November 15th . If right , the regiment reached Germany on November 22nd, crossed the Eifel and crossed the Rhine near Bonn on the 29th . Following the acceptance of the Gone march of the regiment on the Rhine bridge by the division commander, Freiherr von Massenbach, and the Commanding General, Oskar von Watter , the older regiment vintages as well as in the West were domiciled dismissed from the regiment.

The melted regiment moved on, passed the Edertalsperre , passed through Kassel and paraded on December 20th at Wilhelmshöhe Palace in front of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg . After six weeks of marching through Belgium, Rhineland , Westphalia , Waldeck and Hessen-Nassau , the remaining 31ers waited in Simmershausen to be transported back to Altona. In Hannoversch Münden , the battalions were loaded onto the train on December 23rd and 24th and arrived at the Altona freight yard on December 25th and 26th . On December 28th, at the request of the Altona citizens, the regiment moved through the streets of the garrison and passed the regimental commander and mayor Bernhard Schnackenburg in front of the town hall . At the invitation of the city, a festival took place in the halls of the Hotel Kaiserhof in the evening in honor of the regiment who had returned home .

In Altona, a soldiers' council had already formed at the replacement regiment. On the orders of the Supreme Soldiers' Council in Altona, the active regiment was disbanded for political reasons on January 5, 1919 and parts of it were subordinated as a company to the revolutionary replacement battalion. This disbanded the company on January 20th. The elected Colonel Max-Friedrich von Schlechtendal , once a battalion leader in the peace regiment, took over leadership in mid-February 1919 and carried out the demobilization of the 31s. Their attempt to set up a volunteer battalion 31 in Blankenese failed due to political resistance. With the arrival of the official dissolution order from the War Ministry , the remaining demobilization work was handed over to the settlement agency.

The tradition in the Reichswehr was taken over by the 4th ( MG ) company of the 6th Infantry Regiment in Schwerin by decree of the Chief of Army Command, General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt , on August 24, 1921 .

On 27./29. May 1922 the first took place in Altona, on 3rd / 5th October 1925 the second regiment day of all 31s took place.

Regiment chief

Prince Adalbert of Prussia was appointed first regiment chief at the coronation celebrations of Wilhelm I on October 18, 1861 . He held this position until his death on June 6, 1873. He was followed from September 2, 1873 to July 22, 1894 by the General of the Infantry Julius von Bose and from September 9, 1898 to November 27, 1914 by the General of the Infantry August von Seebeck .

commander

Rank Surname date
Lieutenant colonel Wilhelm Gustav Friedrich Wardenburg
Colonel Ferdinand von Stülpnagel March 31, 1815 to June 6, 1817
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Franz Friedrich von Kinski and Tettau 0June 9, 1817 to March 9, 1827
Colonel Friedrich von Gayl March 30, 1828 to March 29, 1829 (responsible for the tour)
Colonel Friedrich von Gayl March 30, 1829 to March 26, 1831
Lieutenant colonel Ernst von Breßler March 30, 1831 to February 9, 1832 (responsible for the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ernst von Breßler February 10, 1832 to March 29, 1838
Lieutenant colonel Friedrich von Zaluskowsky March 30, 1838 to September 14, 1839 (responsible for the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Friedrich von Zaluskowsky September 15, 1839 to March 21, 1843
Lieutenant colonel Adolf Verlohren March 22, 1843 to January 15, 1844 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Adolf Verlohren January 16, 1844 to March 29, 1847
Colonel Karl August von Brandenstein March 30, 1847 to August 4, 1848
Colonel Eduard von Brauchitsch 0August 5, 1848 to May 3, 1850
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eduard von Olberg 0May 4, 1850 to December 24, 1851
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Hans Paulus Herwarth von Bittenfeld December 25, 1851 to October 25, 1854
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ferdinand von Ploetz October 26, 1854 to December 9, 1857
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eduard von Fransecky December 10, 1857 to March 7, 1860
Colonel Gustav Friedrich von Beyer April 12, 1860 to January 8, 1864
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Louis Karl Gustav Adolf von Freyhold 0January 9, 1864 to June 25, 1866
Colonel Georg von Wedell June 27, 1866 to July 13, 1870
Colonel Wilhelm von Bonin July 14, 1870 to February 13, 1874
Colonel Karl von Rosenberg February 14 to June 8, 1874 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Karl von Rosenberg 0June 9, 1874 to May 12, 1880
Lieutenant colonel Heinrich von Ledebur May 13th to June 11th 1880 (entrusted with the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Heinrich von Ledebur June 12, 1880 to February 24, 1886
Lieutenant colonel Wilhelm von Rössing March 11 to May 14, 1886 (in charge of the tour)
Colonel Wilhelm von Rössing May 15, 1886 to March 21, 1889
Colonel Friedrich von Obernitz March 22, 1889 to March 23, 1890
Colonel Franz Friedrich von Pfuhlstein March 24, 1890 to April 17, 1893
Colonel Karl von Hugo April 18, 1893 to June 15, 1896
Colonel Karl von Ramdohr June 16, 1896 to July 2, 1899
Colonel Reinhold von Derschau 0July 3, 1899 to March 21, 1903
Colonel Siegfried von Hinckeldey March 22, 1903 to March 21, 1907
Colonel Georg von Kleist March 22, 1907 to June 11, 1909
Colonel Wolf von Wurmb 0July 3, 1909 to April 22, 1910
Colonel Georg von Schuessler April 29, 1910 to June 26, 1913
Colonel Walter von Bergmann July 4, 1913 to August 1, 1914
Lieutenant colonel Konstantin von Schmidt-Hayn 0August 2 to October 30, 1914
major Joachim Marggraf 0November 1, 1914 to January 13, 1917
major from Hanstein January 14, 1917 (on representation)
major Georg Wieczorek January 19 to February 3, 1917
major from Hanstein 0February 4, 1917 (on representation)
Lieutenant colonel Otto Billmann 0February 7, 1917 to April 3, 1918
Captain Bath 0April 4, 1918 (on representation)
major Karl von Loßberg April 14 to June 1918
major from Hanstein June 1918 (on representation)
Lieutenant colonel Otto waterfall 0September 5, 1918 to January 5, 1919

Others

Warrior club brand

societies

  • Warrior Association of former 31ers (Altona)
    • their flags are on 14./15. Consecrated October 1901
  • Former Count Bose Warrior Association . ( Neumünster )
  • Comradely association of the former Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 31 in Hamburg
  • Comradely association of officers of the former Kgl. Prussian Infantry Regiment Graf Bose (1st door) No. 31 e. V.
  • Comradeship Landwehr 31er e. V.
  • Front comrades IR 31
Altona monument

Monuments

  • March 1817 - the church board placed in the garrison church in Erfurt names the names of the 31s who fell in the wars of liberation
  • A memorial in the Johannis-Kirchhofe bore the names of those who died in the 1848 revolution in Erfurt. Soldiers. The inscription read:

"It fell in the struggle for order and law true to their duty on November 24, 1848"

The war memorial designed by August Henneberger was executed by John Kriegeris .
The inscription on the memorial reads:

"The fallen heroes as a grateful memory,
the living as a warning,
the coming generations to emulate."

The parish of St. John developed in the context of a student project of the University of Applied Sciences Hamburg ( Department : Design ) is a redesign of the memorial. Since then, panels by the Altona artist Rainer Tiedje have prevented a direct plan view of his martial warrior figures. A panel from the project that was destroyed in 2009 was replaced by the artist Wiebke Logemann.

References

literature

  • Hans von Ahlefeld, Max Gottschalck: History of the 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31, together with a list of all officers, doctors and paymasters who have served in the same. ES Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1894.
  • Bernhard Studt: Count Bose Infantry Regiment (1st Thuringian) No. 31 in World Wars 1914–1918. (= Memorial sheets, volume 190). Oldenburg 1926.
  • NN: List of all officers and ensigns still alive who were in the Count Bose Infantry Regiment (1st door) No. 31, according to d. Date d. Entry into d. Regiment ordered. Hamburg 1912.

Web links

Commons : Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ the provincial name was dropped again by AKO on March 10, 1823
  2. ↑ She returned in 1871
  3. ↑ see also here
  4. ↑ Standard bearers did not have a gun
  5. ↑ this relieved the shoulder
  6. ↑ A similar event took place shortly afterwards for the fusiliers in Langensalza.
  7. ^ Martin Lezius : flags and standards of the old Prussian army. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1935.
  8. ^ Lübeck advertisements ; No. 436, issue of August 29, 1904, section: Latest news and telegrams
  9. ↑ Kaiser Prize
  10. ↑ In that battle Major Gustav Adolf von Beczwarzowski fell ( see history of the 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31 ), Wilhelm von Beczwarzowski's father .
  11. ↑ Tax overview  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / sh-home.de  
  12. ↑ Theodor von Weber led the regiment. He was a former 31, was later to become the commander of the R31 and was decorated with the order Pour le Mérite
  13. ↑ Nikolaus Bachmann (1865–1962)
  14. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 2: The occupation of the active infantry regiments as well as Jäger and MG battalions, military district commands and training managers from the foundation or list until 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1992, ISBN 3-7648-1782-8 , p. 117ff.
  15. ↑ Hans von Ahlefeld, Max Gottschalck: History of the 1st Thuringian Infantry Regiment No. 31: together with a list of all officers, doctors and paymasters who served in the same, he is referred to as von Wardenburg. Commander of the 2nd Brigade of the Russian-German Legion
  16. ↑ see also Ludwig Arndt: Militärvereine in Norddeutschland. Books on Demand, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8334-8966-2 , p. 210 f.
  17. ↑ these are the words of Hindenburg at the groundbreaking ceremony of the Tannenberg monument was