Infantry Regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121

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Infantry Regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121

active 1808 to 1919
Country Kingdom of Württemberg Kingdom of Württemberg
Armed forces Württemberg Army
Branch of service infantry
Type Infantry Regiment
structure See outline
Insinuation XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps
Location See garrisons
march Presentation march: "March of the Swabian District Regiment Baden-Durlach" ( AM I, 13 )
Parade march : " Helenen March " (AM II, 127)
management
Commanders See list of commanders

The infantry regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121 was from 1808 to 1919 a regiment of the Württemberg army .

history

Surname

The association was set up in 1808 as the infantry regiment “Herzog Wilhelm” from the musketeer battalion “Herzog Wilhelm” - a second battalion was added to this battalion , which had existed since 1804 . In 1811 it was renamed Infantry Regiment No. 2 "Duke Wilhelm" . In the Russian campaign in 1812 the regiment was wiped out, but was reorganized with the same name in the same year. In the French campaign against Russia and Prussia in 1813, the regiment was destroyed and then set up again with the same name. The losses in the campaign against Napoleon in 1814 were compensated for by the incorporation of the men from the disbanded Land Regiments 4 and 5. With the military reform of 1817, the addition was dropped and the regiment was called the 3rd Infantry Regiment from March 31, 1817 .

Memorial of the regiment in Ludwigsburg

After the military convention with the North German Confederation of 21./25. On November 2nd, 1870, like all Wuerttemberg troops, it received the corresponding addition of 3rd Württemberg Infantry Regiment on October 2, 1871 to distinguish it from troops from other German states . On December 18, 1871, all Württemberg regiments received additional numbers. These corresponded to the consecutive numbering of all regiments of the German Armed Forces, regardless of their affiliation to one of the contingents, the regiment received the number 121: 3rd Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 121 . On December 14, 1874, all units were given the names in the final spelling and numbering: Infantry Regiment (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121 . In 1891 it was given the addition of Alt-Württemberg , as the regiment traced its history back to the Subsidien -Regiment Infanterie-Regiment Alt Württemberg , established in 1716 . The last name was the Infantry Regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121 . On April 30, 1919, the regiment was disbanded.

The tradition of the regiment was taken over by the 6th Company of the 13th (Württemberg) Infantry Regiment in the Reichswehr .

Garrisons

  • 1806 Stuttgart
  • 1814 Schorndorf
  • 1815 Niederbronn-les-Bains
  • 1818 Stuttgart
  • 1833 Ludwigsburg
  • 1842 Ulm
  • 1852 Stuttgart
  • 1866 Ludwigsburg
  • 1868 Hohenasperg
  • 1872 1st Battalion Hohenasperg, 2nd Battalion Ludwigsburg
  • 1873 III. Battalion Gmünd
  • 1877 1st Battalion Ludwigsburg, 2nd Battalion Hohenasperg
  • 1879 1st and 2nd Battalion Ludwigsburg
  • 1890 Ludwigsburg (entire regiment)

Participation in skirmishes and combat operations

The XIII. Army Corps initially fought in the Argonne .

On August 22, 1914, it was involved in the St. Pancré atrocity . From December 1, 1914, the 26th Division (1st Royal Württembergische) and the 25th Reserve Division (with subordinate field artillery regiment "König Karl" (1st Württembergisches) No. 13 ) formed the "XIII. Corps Fabeck ”with the 9th Army ( Mackensen ) in Poland and advanced to the Bzura near Kozlow . In March 1915 the XIII. Corps of the 12th Army subordinated to Gallwitz and relocated north to Przasnysz. From July to August the regiment was involved in the breakthrough across the Narew and reached the Nyemen . In September the division was detached from the Eastern Front and relocated to the west of Belgrade by rail. On November 1, the division was the XXII. Reserve Corps (Falkenhayn), 3rd Austrian-Hungarian. Army (Köveß), subordinated and advanced to Kraljevo by mid-November .

In December the XIII. Corps with the 26th Infantry Division and the Field Artillery Regiment 13 relocated to the western front in the area west of Ypres . In 1916 the regiment was used as part of the division in the Battle of the Somme . In 1917 the division was used in the Battle of Arras and in the Second Battle of Flanders . From September 12th she was relocated from Zabern to the Klagenfurt area, where she arrived on October 7th, with the 200th (Prussian) Jäger Division to the General Command z. b. V. (for special use) 51 and equipped and trained for combat in the mountains. From October 24th, the division took part in the fighting in Veneto ( Twelfth Isonzo Battle and First Piave Battle ) and reached the Piave , where it remained until December 6th.

She was then transferred to the Molsheim area for training behind the front and came to Valenciennes in March 1918 . During the German spring offensive in 1918 , she advanced to Beaumont in Operation Michael and was then used near Reims . In the fighting against retreat, she went back to the Antwerp-Maas position , from where, after the Armistice of Compiègne , she marched back on foot via Prüm , Linz on the Rhine and Ferndorf to the Marburg area . From there the regiment reached its peace garrisons in Württemberg.

The total losses amounted to 3,692 dead, 62 deceased, 434 missing.

  • March 1914

  • 26th Inf.-Div. and FArt-Regt. 13 in Poland in 1914

  • Württemberg associations on the Eastern Front at the end of 1914

  • March back in 1918

assignment

The regiment had the order to lead the infantry fire fight. In peacetime, the soldiers were trained to use appropriate weapons and as patient carriers.

organization

Association membership

Until 1816 there were no major associations in Württemberg during peace . Such were only put together for individual campaigns.

With the fundamental reorganization in 1817, the Württemberg army was divided into large units for the first time in peacetime. Together with the 4th Infantry Regiment, the regiment formed the 2nd Brigade in the 1st Division . In July 1849 a reorganization of the Württemberg army was ordered again. The infantry was grouped into just one division (without a number).

From 1871 to 1914 the regiment belonged to the 52nd Infantry Brigade (2nd Royal Württembergische) in Ludwigsburg , 26th Division (1st Royal Württembergische) , XIII. (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps .

The regiment stayed with the 26th Division throughout the First World War .

structure

Until 1871 the regiment consisted of two battalions .

On October 1, 1872 the third ( fusilier ) battalion was added, and on October 2, 1893, the IV. Battalion was set up as a half battalion. The latter was handed over to the 10th Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 180 on October 1, 1897 for the establishment of the fusilier battalion .

Levies

All of these taxes were re-established from the regiment.

Commanders

No. Rank Surname Beginning of the appointment
01. Colonel Johann Ludwig von Cornotte 1808
02. Colonel Ludwig von Hohenlohe-Langenburg 0December 1, 1811
03. Colonel Fidelis Baur von Breitenfeld September 17, 1812 to September 6, 1813
04th Colonel Charles of Lalace January 1813 (in charge of the tour)
05. Colonel Karl von Biberstein 0October 6, 1813 to February 1814
06th Colonel Christian von Beulwitz February to April 1814
07th Colonel Karl von Biberstein April 1814 to March 30, 1817
08th. Colonel Theodor von Wundt September 27, 1824
09. Colonel Ernst von Baumbach November 24, 1835
10. Colonel Peter von Hoffmann May 16, 1842
11. Colonel Friedrich von Arnold July 11, 1848
12. Colonel Oskar von Hardegg September 22, 1856 to April 26, 1857
13. Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Gustav von Frost April 27, 1857 to February 25, 1865
14th Colonel Karl von Fischer 0April 6, 1865 to June 10, 1866
15th Colonel Friedrich von Lipp June 13, 1866
16. Colonel Max von Pfeiffelmann February 18, 1869
17th Colonel Friedrich von Schroeder 0March 4, 1872
18th Colonel Otto von Haldenwang August 16, 1875
19th major Hugo of Lupine 0March 4 to September 21, 1876 (in charge of the tour)
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Hugo of Lupine September 22, 1876 to July 21, 1885
20th Colonel Emil von Hartrott 0August 9, 1885
21st Colonel Friedrich von Ziegler 0March 3, 1887
22nd Colonel Eduard von Treskow 0April 4, 1888
23. Colonel Reinhard von Fischer March 31, 1891 to January 26, 1895
24. Colonel Albert von Schnürlen January 27, 1895
25th Colonel Heinrich von Normann December 17, 1896
26th Colonel Karl von Knoerzer August 16, 1899
27. Colonel Otto von Hügel May 18, 1901
28. Colonel Paul von Schaefer March 16, 1905
29 Colonel Oskar von Bossert April 14, 1907
30th Colonel Otto von Moser 0April 1, 1910
31. Colonel Oskar von Gais 0October 1, 1912
32. Colonel Eugene luck September 30, 1914
33. Colonel Oskar von Gais October 10, 1914 to January 29, 1915
34. Major / Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Keller April 24, 1915 to August 8, 1916
35. Major / Lieutenant Colonel Hermann von Brandenstein 0August 9, 1916

Heads of regiments

Regimental owner:

  • 1808–1816 Field Marshal Duke Wilhelm von Württemberg

Heads of Regiment :

Armament and equipment

Main armament

Rifles with a percussion lock were introduced in 1831, the Minié rifle in 1851 , the infantry rifle in 1871 from 1875 and the Karabiner 98 from 1898 . At the beginning of the First World War each infantry regiment had 6 heavy machine guns , at the end of 1917 36 heavy and 72 light machine guns .

uniform

Uniforms of the 3rd Infantry Regiment
Helmet with cover 1914
  • 1808: Closed blue skirt to the waist with a black collar. Wide white braids on the collar, lapels and borders . Red collar. Black caterpillar helmet with a high black neck on the front of the caterpillar, in front a yellow shield with the Württemberg coat of arms.
  • 1814: skirt as before, but white lining and green woolen epaulettes . Black shako with white neck, steel blue coat of arms and scale chains.
  • 1811: skirt without white borders. Shako with yellow fittings.
  • 1817: Service coat in the months of November to April a royal blue kutka (up to an inch above the kneecap), in the months of May to October a royal blue Spenzer (up to the hips), without buttons, with a closed blue collar, yellow Polish cuffs and a cloth belt a yellow border. Yellow metal epaulettes with a silver crescent moon and a yellow cloth lining with a white company number. Black collar. Royal blue, half-width trousers (white trousers and gaiters in summer). Black shako made of felt with leather cover, front metal shield with regimental number and black and red cockade. Black waist shoes (from 1820 short black gaiters and shoes). The leather gear (worn under the epaulettes) was white. Light gray coat.
  • 1821: Royal blue Colett with two rows of buttons (with regimental number) in the front, red closed collar and blue Polish lapels with red piping. Blue pants with red piping.
  • 1845: Black French shako with a white upper edge and dark blue bush.
  • 1849: Single-breasted blue tunic with white buttons and red collar. Armpit flaps with regimental number.
  • 1864: Dark blue, red lined skirt with two rows of buttons, four buttons on the back, sleeves with red piping , shoulder flaps with shoulder bulges and black regimental number. Dark gray pants. Dark blue hats with red piping. The epaulettes are omitted, as badges of rank stars on the collar as in Austria.
  • 1871: On the armpit flaps No. 124. Prussian helmet ( spiked hood ) with Württemberg coat of arms and the motto "Fearless and trew"
  • 1874: Uniform according to Prussian standards, but still double-breasted tunic until 1892.
  • 1890: Name “W” with crown on the armpit flaps, shoulder pieces and epaulettes.
  • 1891: Name "WI" with crown on the armpit flaps, shoulder pieces and epaulettes.

banner

The regiment received its first four flags by royal order of May 26, 1811. The cloth was blue and white square with golden fringes on all sides. On one side was the golden crowned signature "FR", on the other side the crowned Württemberg coat of arms with coat of arms . Like all Württemberg flags, these were brought back from the Russian campaign in 1812. The regiments that were re-established after the Russian campaign in 1812 received two new flags per battalion by decree of February 11, 1813. The old ones were given to the armory . As with all regiments, on October 4, 1818, the flags were replaced by standards, which were replaced by new flags by the Supreme Order of September 3, 1851. Each battalion received a flag made of burgundy-red cloth with white fringes on all sides. In the middle of one side was the gold and yellow crowned name “W”, the other side the Württemberg coat of arms held by a yellow deer and a black lion, the inscription “Feartlos und trew” on a blue foreign exchange ribbon and the white cross of the Order of Military Merit .

The Fusilier Battalion received its flag on December 2, 1874. It was like the flags from 1851, but without a fringe and with the crowned signature "K". It was replaced by the same one in 1900, but with the crowned signature "W".

The 4th Battalion received its flag on December 3, 1894. It corresponded to that of the Fusilier Battalion of 1851, remained with the regiment when the battalion was surrendered and was carried as a second flag by the 1st Battalion.

  • Large coat of arms of King Friedrich

  • Württemberg standard 1818

  • Württemberg flag

References

swell

literature

  • Schempp: History of the 3rd Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 13 1716–1891. Stuttgart 1891.
  • Happoldt: Infantry Regiment Alt-Württemberg, history of the regiment for NCOs and men. Stuttgart 1893.
  • Oskar von Brandenstein: The Infantry Regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121 in World War 1914–1918. Belser, Stuttgart 1921. (Volume 18 of the series The Württemberg Regiments in World War I , digitally available at urn : nbn: de: bsz: 24-digibib-bsz40796147X7 )
  • Krautle: Book of Honor Infantry Regiment "Alt-Württemberg" (3rd Württembergisches) No. 121 1914–1918. Stuttgart 1935.
  • Otto von Moser: The Württemberg people in the world war. Publishing bookstore Chr.Belser AG, Stuttgart 1927.
  • Günther Voigt: Germany's armies until 1918. Volume 4, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1982, ISBN 3-7648-1285-0 .
  • Leo Ignaz von Stadlinger: History of the Württemberg war system. K. Hofdruckerei zu Guttenberg, Stuttgart 1856.
  • Hans-Joachim Harder: Military history handbook Baden-Württemberg. Published by the Military History Research Office , Kohlhammer , Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-17-009856-X .
  • Uniform regulation for the Royal Wütemberg Military. Royal Court and Chancellery Printing House Gebrüder Mäntler, Stuttgart 1818.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alan Kramer: "Atrocities". On the problem of German war crimes in Belgium and France in 1914
  2. ↑ General Stühmke: The infantry regiment "Kaiser Friedrich, King of Prussia" (7th Württ.) No. 125 in the World War 1914–1918 ; Chr.Belser AG, publishing house, Stuttgart 1923

Remarks

  1. ↑ As of December 31, 1720 Leib-Infanterie-Regiment , 1734 Prince Alexander Regiment , still 1734 Infantry Regiment Hereditary Prince of Württemberg , in 1734 again as Prince Alexander Regiment in Subsidien des Kaiser, 1736 the regiment returned, but came back in 1737 Imperial services to Freiburg as a garrison regiment until 1740. In the same year it was formally ceded to Prussia.
  2. ↑ "Following the Austrian model, the regiments changed their garrisons in 1833 and 1842 in order to prevent the cadre from becoming firmly rooted in the cities." Quoted from Harder, page 66
  3. ↑ Württ. Lieutenant General Albert von Berrer , died October 28, 1917, successor in Württ . Lieutenant General Eberhard von Hofacker
  4. ↑ Capitain von Valois had the poles burned, the strongest grenadiers wore the scarves wrapped around their bodies.