Veneto

Veneto is a redirect to this article. For other meanings, see Veneto (disambiguation) .

Veneto
Basic data
Capital	Venice
Provinces	Belluno , Padua , Rovigo , Treviso , Venice ( metropolitan city ) , Verona , Vicenza
surface	18,391 km²
Residents	4,907,704 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	267 inhabitants / km²
Website	www.regione.veneto.it
ISO 3166-2	IT-34
president	Luca Zaia ( LN )
Relief map of the Veneto region

Veneto or Veneto , Italian officially Regione del Veneto , or Venetian Vèneto , is a region in north-east Italy with 18,391 km² and 4,907,704 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019), the regional capital of which is Venice .

geography

With an area of ​​18,391 km², Veneto is the eighth largest region in Italy and is in fifth place in terms of population with over 4.9 million inhabitants.

The region borders in the east on Friuli-Venezia Giulia , in the north-west on Trentino-South Tyrol , in the west on Lombardy and in the south on Emilia-Romagna . The northern tip of Veneto borders the Austrian federal states of Tyrol ( Lienz district ) and Carinthia ( Hermagor district ). However, there is no direct road connection to Austria.

The northernmost point of the region is the "Cima Vanscuro" or "Pfannspitze" (2678 m above sea level) on the Austrian border, the southernmost point is the "Punta del Mezzanino" on the right side of the mouth of the Po di Goro.

Geomorphologically, Veneto can be divided as follows:

• the alpine zone with the Dolomites (highest mountain is the Marmolada , 3,343 m above sea level)
• the Venetian Prealps
• a vast hilly landscape ( Euganean Hills , Colli Berici , Colli Asolani and Montello area)
• a large plain, the Po plain, through which numerous rivers flow: Po , Adige , Brenta , Piave , Sile, Livenza
• the east coast of the largest Italian lake, Lake Garda ;
• the 150 km long Adriatic coast , where numerous lagoons extend

56.4% of the regional area is flat, 29.3% mountainous and 14.3% hilly.

Provinces

Provinces in Veneto including the metropolitan city of Venice

The region is divided into six provinces and one metropolitan city. The province of Belluno is the largest in terms of area, while the province of Padua is the most populous.

Province or metropolitan city	Capital	ISO	Communities	Population (December 31, 2019)	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)
Belluno	Belluno	IT-BL	69	201,972	3,677.85	55
Padua	Padua	IT-PD	104	939,672	2,144.15	438
Rovigo	Rovigo	IT-RO	50	233.386	1,789.93	130
Treviso	Treviso	IT TV	95	888.309	2,476.68	359
Venice	Venice	IT-VE	44	851.663	2,461.52	346
Verona	Verona	IT VR	98	930.339	3,096.39	300
Vicenza	Vicenza	IT-VI	121	862.363	2,722.76	317
Veneto	Venice	IT-34	581	4,907,704	18,345.35	268

The largest communities

position	local community	Population (pop.)	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)	Height above sea level (m)	Province or metropolitan city
1 °	Venice	268,741	412.54	651.4	1	VE
2 °	Verona	262,403	206.63	1,269.9	59	VR
3 °	Padua	209,696	92.85	2,258.4	12	PD
4 °	Vicenza	113,969	80.54	1,415.1	39	VI
5 °	Treviso	81,665	55.50	1,741.4	15th	TV
6 °	Rovigo	51,378	108.55	473.3	6th	RO
7 °	Chioggia	50,880	185.20	274.7	2	VE
8 °	Bassano del Grappa	42,237	46.79	902.7	129	VI
9 °	San Donà di Piave	39,774	78.73	505.2	3	VE
10 °	Schio	38,779	67.04	578.4	200	VI

history

→ Main article : Republic of Venice

1850 edition of the coat of arms for Lombardy-Veneto

Historically, the region has long been part of the Republic of Venice , whose terraferma , i.e. land ownership, it formed. 1797, the largest part of the territory came after the Treaty of Campo Formio to the Habsburg monarchy . After Austria's defeat by Napoleon in Austerlitz and the Peace of Pressburg , Veneto was added to the Kingdom of Italy , a Napoleonic satellite state , in 1805 ; In 1815 it became by the Congress of Vienna as Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia back to nunmehrigen Empire of Austria .

After the third war of independence , the region finally became part of Italy in 1866 : Since Prussia, allied with Italy , had defeated Austria in the Battle of Königgrätz , Austria had to give Veneto to France (which was not necessarily neutral, but rather sympathetic to Piedmont) despite its military successes in the south Took on mediating role), which then passed it on to Italy in exchange for Savoy and Nice .

Veneto was a major scene of the First World War. The decisive battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought there in 1918 , after which the Villa Giusti armistice between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary was signed near Padua . After the annexation of South Tyrol, the Ladin communities of Cortina d'Ampezzo , Livinallongo and Colle Santa Lucia were added to the Venetian province of Belluno.

Between 1943 and 1945, Veneto was largely part of the Italian Social Republic , the province of Belluno was incorporated into the German foothills of the Alps . Numerous cities were bombed by the Allies. The worst hit was Treviso and Vicenza and the port facilities of Marghera , and Padua and Verona were also the target of the bombing raids.

In 1963 the region was shaken by the Vajont disaster . On October 9, a 270 million ton flank broke loose from Monte Toc. Boulders and stones slid into the Vajont reservoir. 25 million tons of water sloshed over the newly built dam. A 160 meter high tidal wave destroyed five villages in the valley, including the village of Longarone . Almost 2,000 people were killed. It was one of the largest man-made disasters that has ever occurred in Europe.

As a result of the Italian economic miracle ( miracolo economico ), Veneto developed in the 1960s and 1970s from a poor and small-scale region to one of the most industrialized and economically advanced in Italy. Agriculture is mainly practiced in large-scale plantations, and tourism is an important economic factor along the Adriatic coast. Due to the prosperity, there was heavy immigration from other areas of Italy and from abroad (see below), which together with the structural change contributed to the weakening of local traditions. Therefore, in the last few years there have been attempts at autonomy and independence. A distinction must be made between the Lega Nord , which is now the regional president of Veneto and whose goal is the creation of an autonomous “ Padan ” nation in northern and central Italy, and various movements that reject the Padania concept and advocate an autonomous Veneto in its historical Set borders ( Venetian nationalism ).

On November 28, 2012, the Regional Council of Veneto, with 29 votes in favor, two against and five abstentions, obliged the regional government to seek the implementation of the self-determination of the people of Veneto at international level in order to be able to hold a referendum which could eventually lead to the separation from Italy. A referendum organized by a private committee and therefore not legally binding took place from March 16 to 21, 2014. According to the organizers, 2.36 million eligible voters took part in the survey, which took place via the Internet and specially set up polling stations, which corresponds to a participation of 73%. 89% voted for independence and that in the event of independence the Veneto should cling to the EU , the euro and NATO .

On October 22, 2017, a consultative referendum took place on the increased local autonomy of Veneto.

population

Until the early 1970s, poor Veneto was a real emigration country. Between 1870 and 1970, over 3 million people left the region, mainly heading for Latin America until 1930, and later increasingly for other parts of Italy.

Since industrialization in the course of the 1970s, numerous southern Italians as well as many foreigners, mainly Eastern Europeans, have moved to Veneto, so that as of December 31, 2008, 454,453 foreign nationals (9.30% of the population) were living in the region.

Item	Country of origin	population	Share in the regional population
1	Romania	91,355	1.87%
2	Morocco	54.105	1.11%
3	Albania	40,788	0.83%
4th	Moldova	25,686	0.53%
5	People's Republic of China	24,782	0.51%
6th	North Macedonia	20,688	0.42%
7th	Serbia	20,494	0.42%
8th	Bangladesh	16,095	0.33%
9	India	12,378	0.25%
10	Ukraine	12,289	0.25%
11	Ghana	11,985	0.25%
12	Nigeria	11,158	0.23%
13	Sri Lanka	10,374	0.21%
14th	Bosnia and Herzegovina	9.206	0.19%
15th	Senegal	8,064	0.17%
16	Brazil	6,562	0.13%
17th	Croatia	6,358	0.13%
18th	Tunisia	6,285	0.13%
19th	Poland	5,342	0.11%
20th	Philippines	4,941	0.10%
	Other countries	55,518	1.14%

languages

In addition to Italian, most of the inhabitants speak Venetian , which can be regarded as an independent language due to the profound differences to standard Italian . There are also German (Plodarisch) (in Sappada / Sappada) (Friulian) Friulian (in the metropolitan city of Venice) and Ladin in the province of Belluno spoken.

Since the region does not have an autonomous status, the minority languages ​​are hardly maintained. That is why the three old Tyrolean municipalities of Cortina d'Ampezzo / Anpezo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana / Fodom and Colle Santa Lucia / Col voted in a referendum in autumn 2007 for affiliation with the autonomous Trentino-South Tyrol , while Sappada / Plodn voted for the Connection to Friuli Venezia Giulia has pronounced. The Parliament in Rome, which has the last word on these issues, has so far been inactive.

The Cimbrian- language islands in the Seven and Thirteen Parishes have almost died out as a result of the fascist Italianization .

politics

→ Main article : Venetian nationalism

President of the Veneto Region

president	Political party	Time in office
Angelo Tomelleri	DC	1970-1972
Piero Feltrin	DC	1972-1973
Angelo Tomelleri	DC	1973-1980
Carlo Bernini	DC	1980-1989
Gianfranco Cremonese	DC	1989-1992
Franco Frigo	DC	1992-1993
Giuseppe Pupillo	PDS	1993-1994
Aldo Bottin	PPI	1994-1995
Giancarlo Galan	FI , PDL	1995-2010
Luca Zaia	LN	2010-2015
Luca Zaia	LN	2015–

The traditionally conservative and Catholic region was a stronghold of the Italian Christian Democrats for decades. The region has been ruled by center-right alliances since the 1990s.

The memory of Venice's long independence and proud tradition means that autonomist and separatist tendencies are particularly pronounced. The Lega Nord -Liga Veneta is well represented. It provides the mayor in the city of Verona and in numerous medium and small municipalities. In the regional elections on March 28 and 29, 2010, the Lega emerged as the strongest party and, with Luca Zaia, is the first to appoint the region's president.

economy

Veneto is one of the economically strongest regions in Italy, which has undergone a structural change from an agricultural area to an industrial region since the Second World War.

Agriculture still has an important role to play, but large plantation-like farms have taken the place of the numerous small farms. Veneto is an important wine-growing region: Valpolicella and Prosecco wines are produced here. The radicchio is also a typical regional product.

Medium-sized and export-oriented companies along the Milan-Verona-Venice motorway connection ( Autostrada Serenissima ) are the backbone of the region's industry and economy. In the metropolitan city of Venice you can find oil refineries, especially in Porto Marghera, chemical industries and shipyards. The motorcycle and scooter manufacturer Aprilia is based in Noale . The food industry is particularly well represented in the provinces of Verona and Rovigo. Italy's second largest thermoelectric power plant is located in Porto Tolle near Rovigo. Vicenza is a center of goldsmithing . The province of Padua is strong in metal processing. Major companies in the Treviso area include Electrolux and DeLonghi . Luxottica , the world's largest eyewear manufacturer, is based in Agordo (Belluno province) . The fashion industry is strongly represented in the whole region: Benetton , Geox , Diesel and Bottega Veneta are big fashion names from Veneto.

Tourism is a very important branch of the economy : Veneto is Italy's first tourist region, with over 14 million tourists in 2007 (more than 20% of them came from Germany). In addition to Venice , the opera city of Verona and the university city of Padua are popular tourist destinations, as well as the Dolomite town of Cortina d'Ampezzo , the Lake Garda communities of Peschiera , Lazise , Bardolino , Garda and Malcesine , the thermal spa Abano Terme , the seaside resorts of Jesolo , Caorle and Cavallino-Treporti .

In comparison with the GDP of the EU expressed in purchasing power standards, the region achieved an index of 110 (EU-28: 100) (2015). The nominal GDP per capita is € 30,800. In terms of total regional gross domestic product, Veneto ranks third in Italy after Lombardy and Lazio with over € 151 billion. In 2017 the unemployment rate was 6.3% and thus below the national average.

With a value of 0.896, Veneto ranks 7th among the 21 regions and autonomous provinces of Italy in the Human Development Index .

Attractions

• Venice : The city and its lagoon are a UNESCO World Heritage Site
• 
• 
• 

• Verona
• 
• 
• 

• other cities
• 

  Padua : also known as the city of Saint Anthony; the Padua Botanical Garden is also a World Heritage Site.

• 

  Vicenza , known for Palladio's villas

• 

  Belluno , capital of the mountain province of the same name

See also

• Sistema Ferroviario Metropolitano Regionale
• Veneter

Web links

Wiktionary: Veneto  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

Commons : Veneto  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ↑ verso il Faro di Goro “ point 8 paragraph 3 sentence 6
3. ^ Regional Council of Veneto, Geographical Data
4. ↑ When the mountain fell into the lake , Süddeutsche Zeitung, October 26, 2007
5. ^ Regional Council of Veneto, Decision No. 44 of November 28, 2012 . The municipal council of Castellavazzo has also called for a referendum to be held on the independence of the Veneto, based on the referendums in Scotland , Catalonia and Montenegro , cf. "Castellavazzo pleads for an independent Veneto" , Corriere delle Alpi, April 6, 2013.
6. ↑ Northern Italy: 89 percent for independence of the Veneto , Der Standard , March 21, 2014
7. ↑ In mille dichiarano l'indipendenza Ora Zaia può solo inseguirci  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Corriere del Veneto, March 22, 2014  
8. ↑ Alessandria Corica: Referendum autonomia, l'annuncio di Maroni: "Il 22 ottobre in Lombardia e Veneto". Sala e Pd: "Spesa inutile". La Repubblica, April 21, 2017, accessed October 23, 2017 (Italian). 
9. ↑ Annone Veneto , Caorle , Cinto Caomaggiore , Concordia Sagittaria , Fossalta di Portogruaro , Gruaro , Portogruaro , Pramaggiore , San Michele al Tagliamento , San Stino di Livenza and Teglio Veneto are part of the historical Friuli , although administratively they belong to Veneto
10. ↑ Ladin is a recognized minority language in the following communities: Agordo , Alleghe , Auronzo di Cadore , Borca di Cadore , Calalzo di Cadore , Canale d'Agordo , Cencenighe Agordino , Cibiana di Cadore , Colle Santa Lucia , Comelico Superiore , Cortina d'Ampezzo , Danta di Cadore , Domegge di Cadore , Falcade , Gosaldo , La Valle Agordina , Livinallongo del Col di Lana , Lozzo di Cadore , Ospitale di Cadore , Perarolo di Cadore , Pieve di Cadore , Rivamonte Agordino , Rocca Pietore , San Nicolò di Comelico , San Pietro di Cadore , San Tomaso Agordino , San Vito di Cadore , Santo Stefano di Cadore , Selva di Cadore , Taibon Agordino , Val di Zoldo , Vallada Agordina , Valle di Cadore , Vigo di Cadore , Vodo di Cadore , Voltago Agordino , Zoppè di Cadore
11. ↑ Statistics Office of the Veneto Region  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Excel ; 14 kB)  
12. ↑ Eurostat. Retrieved April 15, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Unemployment rate, by NUTS 2 regions. Retrieved November 5, 2018 . 
14. ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Retrieved August 12, 2018 . 

Coordinates: 45 ° 44 '  N , 11 ° 51'  E