Belluno Province
| Belluno Province | |
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| State : | Italy |
| Region : | Veneto |
| Area : | 3,610.20 km² ( 22. ) |
| Residents : | 201,972 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 55.9 inhabitants / km² |
| Number of municipalities: | 61 |
| License plate : | BL |
| ISO-3166-2 identification : | IT-BL |
| Website: | www.provincia.belluno.it |
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The Province of Belluno (Italian Provincia di Belluno ) is an Italian province in the Veneto region in the northeast of the country. The capital is Belluno . It has 201,972 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in 61 municipalities on an area of 3,610 km².
geography
The province borders in the north on the Austrian federal states Tyrol ( East Tyrol ) and Carinthia , in the east on Friuli-Venezia Giulia , in the south on the province Treviso and the province Vicenza and in the west on Trentino-Alto Adige (Autonomous Province Bolzano- South Tyrol and Autonomous Province) Trento ).
The province is characterized by the Cadore framed by the Dolomites and the Piave, which flows through the entire province . Much of the UNESCO - World Heritage of the Dolomites is on Belluno ground. In general, the province of Belluno has a varied landscape that is very popular with tourists. It shows a change from high alpine, rugged mountain landscapes to lovely communities that extend into the Po plain . The tourism and service industries are accordingly one of the province's strongest in terms of turnover.
The host of the 1956 Winter Olympics , Cortina d'Ampezzo, is located in Cadore .
languages
In addition to Italian and Venetian , Ladin is also spoken in the province .
The recognized Ladin-speaking area includes the following municipalities: Agordo , Alleghe , Auronzo di Cadore , Borca di Cadore , Calalzo di Cadore , Canale d'Agordo , Cencenighe Agordino , Cibiana di Cadore , Comelico Superiore , Danta di Cadore , Domegge di Cadore , Falcade , Gosaldo , La Valle Agordina , Lozzo di Cadore , Ospitale di Cadore , Perarolo di Cadore , Pieve di Cadore , Rivamonte Agordino , Rocca Pietore , San Nicolò di Comelico , San Pietro di Cadore , San Tomaso Agordino , San Vito di Cadore , Santo Stefano di Cadore , Selva di Cadore , Taibon Agordino , Val di Zoldo , Vallada Agordina , Valle di Cadore , Vigo di Cadore , Vodo di Cadore , Voltago Agordino , Zoppè di Cadore . The three municipalities of Cortina d'Ampezzo (Ladin Anpezo or Ampëz, German outdated Hayden), Livinallongo del Col di Lana (Ladin Fodom, German Buchenstein) and Colle Santa Lucia (Ladin Col, German Verseil) play a special role. In this area, sometimes referred to as Souramont , which was part of Tyrol until the end of the First World War, the Ladin idioms have been preserved in a special way.
The German language island Sappada (German Bladen) belonged to the province of Belluno from 1923 to 2017.
Largest communities
(As of December 31, 2019)
| local community | Residents |
|---|---|
| Belluno | 35,872 |
| Feltre | 20,564 |
| Borgo Valbelluna | 13,641 |
| Sedico | 10.204 |
| Ponte nelle Alpi | 8141 |
| Santa Giustina | 6727 |
| Cortina d'Ampezzo | 5735 |
| Limana | 5328 |
| Longarone | 5180 |
| Pedavena | 4377 |
| Agordo | 4080 |
| Cesiomaggiore | 3969 |
| Pieve di Cadore | 3729 |
history
Between 1420 and 1797 the area belonged to the Republic of Venice , the Serenissima . Under Napoleon it was administered as Dipartimento del Piave , which reached as far as Dobbiaco . With the Congress of Vienna in 1816, the Belluno Province, which had now been founded, was annexed to the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto and finally became part of Italy with the Peace of Vienna (1866) .
In 1852 the German-speaking community Sappada (German Bladen or Plodn) was separated from the province of Friuli and Belluno was annexed, as were the three Ladin-speaking communities of Souramont from Trentino , which fell to Italy after the First World War, including South Tyrol . Sappada was moved back to Friuli in 2017.
In the last years of the Second World War, the provinces of Belluno, Bolzano and Trento were combined to form the Alpine Foreland operational zone , an interlude that still affects the relationship between the Belluno people and the German-speaking South Tyroleans.
In 1963, the Longarone disaster, which was decisive for the province of Belluno, occurred : The Vajont reservoir, located in the province of Pordenone , sloshed over the dam caused by a landslide. The water masses wiped out almost 2000 lives in the town of Longarone below .
politics
The struggle for autonomy
Cramped between the autonomous regions of Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-South Tyrol, the people of Belluno feel politically and economically disadvantaged as a province of a region with normal status. This is also borne out by emigration statistics. Politically, this is expressed in three directions: Some demand the abolition of the "privileges" of the regions with special statutes, others want Veneto's independence from the Italian state and still others demand autonomy for the province of Belluno. The latter group seeks political closeness to the Trentino-Alto Adige region, with the BARD (Belluno Autonoma Regione Dolomiti) being particularly active in this regard. He maintains contacts with the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) and the Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese (PATT) and brought almost 10,000 Bellunese votes to SVP Herbert Dorfmann for the 2014 elections to the EU Parliament.
The relationship between Belluno and the Veneto region, which is run by the Lega Nord , is tense, especially because Belluno is the only closed Alpine area in the region besides the Asiago plateau and it is difficult to implement the necessary legal adjustments at regional level. Representative are the protracted difficulties in implementing the 15th article of the Venetian status, which should theoretically give Belluno the necessary freedom to develop.
In December 2010, the BARD deposited more than 17,000 collected signatures in order to obtain a referendum on the transfer of the province of Belluno from Veneto to the region of Trentino-Alto Adige, which was supported by the provincial president at the time, Gianpaolo Bottacin, but not by then Minister Roberto Calderoli (Lega Nord). Finally, the referendum was stopped as illegal by the Court of Cassation in April 2011. When Bottacin's center-right government failed in October 2011, new elections were not called as expected. Rather, in view of the upcoming regional reform, Belluno was placed under provisional administration. Vittorio Capocelli from Lecce was appointed commissioner in November.
When Mario Monti became Italy's prime minister at the end of 2011 , he immediately began to initiate drastic cost-cutting measures with his “Salva Italia” package. Among other things, he initiated a reform of the regional and provincial system, which aimed to completely dissolve the provinces with normal status, even if the cost savings were arithmetically questioned by the UPI (Unione Province d'Italia) . Under Enrico Letta , Regional Minister Graziano Delrio worked out a corresponding draft law, which was only incorporated into Article V of the constitution under Matteo Renzi . Delrio built some clauses into the law for those provinces that are completely alpine and border on foreign countries. In addition to the province of Belluno, this description also applies to the province of Sondrio and the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola . When Delrio was accused on a visit to Belluno at the end of 2013 that the clauses were insufficiently extensive and specific and that his audience once again took the autonomies of South Tyrol and Trentino as a yardstick, he shouted to the angry crowd: “You will never be like Trento and Bolzano be!"
First of all, the provinces are not yet completely dissolved. H. are not yet released from their administrative duties. However, savings should be made in administration. The new regulation came into effect for the first time in autumn 2014: Instead of having a provincial government elected by the population, all mayors (in the larger localities also some local councils) of the country should elect a provincial government from among their own kind, with no additional remuneration but in addition to the workload a mayor should take over the fate of the province. In the run-up to these elections, the prevailing party-political dispute was criticized by observers. Finally, the mayor of Auronzo , Daniela Larese Filon, prevailed.
In March 2015, Larese Filon formally applied to the European Region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino to include the province of Belluno in an observer role. The request was formally but not politically rejected. The European region is examining the possibilities of changing the statutes accordingly.
The border communities
As early as 2005, the municipality of Lamon carried out a referendum to initiate the change of the municipality to the Autonomous Province of Trento. Motivated by Lamon's success, the neighboring community of Sovramonte also carried out a survey in 2006, which was even more clearly supported. Further referendums followed outside the province of Belluno: the municipalities of the Asiago and Pedemonte plateau voted just as successfully (only Enego missed the necessary quorum of 50%) as did the Lombard municipalities of Magasa and Valvestino . In contrast, the three Souramont communities felt drawn to South Tyrol and voted accordingly. The municipality of Sappada voted to belong to Friuli Venezia Giulia. But since the referendums won could not generate any momentum and were blocked either by Venice or Rome, further referendums lost their euphoria. In addition, Trentino and South Tyrol had spoken out against the acceptance of the municipalities, with the exception of those that belonged to historical Tyrol. It also became increasingly unclear whether further referenda actually seriously called for a change of province or were to be understood as a protest against the state of the Belluno province. In 2013, Feltre , Arsiè , Canale d'Agordo , Cesiomaggiore , Falcade , Gosaldo and Rocca Pietore followed , all of which were able to achieve considerable success, but all failed due to the quorum. Only the population of Taibon Agordino took a firm stand. In 2014, Voltago Agordino reached the quorum, while Auronzo and Comelico Superiore missed it.
However, the referendums achieved one thing: media attention. The autonomy gap between Belluno and its neighbors was publicly recognized and put politicians under pressure. In 2009, in the so-called Milan Agreement (which was technically an article in the Italian Budget Act 2010) between Trentino-Alto Adige and the Silvio Berlusconi government, it was agreed that the two countries would not hand over part of the taxes to the state, but rather pay them into a fund that the Neighboring communities for structural investments. An annual sum of 40 million euros per country has been set. The Fondo ODI was founded with headquarters in Verona . The fund's president was Aldo Brancher, who in 2010 had to end his career as Italian federalism minister after only 17 days in office. That is why the Italian media speak of the Fondo Brancher . After the state under Mario Monti failed to keep its part of the Milan agreements, Trentino and South Tyrol put the payments on hold. There was also controversial discussion as to whether the payments from South Tyrol should only go to the border communities in South Tyrol or whether all the money should be divided between all border communities in the Trentino-Alto Adige region. The delayed payments caused a lot of resentment in Belluno. Only under the new regents Matteo Renzi , Ugo Rossi and Arno Kompatscher could the confused situation be resolved. The Fondo ODI was dissolved and the funds are allocated (also retrospectively) by a joint body in which the donor countries, the regions of Veneto and Lombardy , but also the province of Belluno are represented. The new border community fund is coordinated by Roger De Menech, regional secretary of the Partito Democratico Venetiens and in turn ex-mayor of the Bellunese city of Ponte nelle Alpi .
Regional elections 2015
In the Veneto regional elections at the end of May 2015, only 44% of those eligible to vote in Bellunese took part. Luca Zaia, supported by the center-right camp, was confirmed in office by a large majority. The two ex-presidents of the province of Belluno, Sergio Reolon and Gianpaolo Bottacin, received the most personal preferential votes.
The development of the BARD in the run-up to the elections is remarkable. Originally conceived as a non-partisan, autonomous movement, the BARD decided to want to participate in the Venetian Regional Council. According to the statutes of Veneto, only those parties are allowed to vote that are candidates in at least three of the seven provinces. In the search for and exploring alliances outside of Belluno, it was ultimately decided to support the regional presidential candidate of the Partito Democratico (PD) Alessandra Moretti in the form of the Veneto Civico ; and with considerable consideration: On the one hand, an agreement was reached with the PD headquarters in Rome that they would campaign, regardless of the outcome of the election, for the Bellunese population to be able to directly elect their provincial council and provincial president again. The PD made explicit reference to the language minorities in the province. On the other hand, Alessandra Moretti contractually assured her consent to the rapprochement between Belluno and the European region of Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino, but also to an unspecified, more extensive administrative unit with the provinces of Bolzano and Trento. The BARD could not mobilize its supporters with this pact with the PD and received only 4% of the votes nationwide, whereby these were concentrated in a few strongholds (such as Canale, Falcade, Comelico). Nevertheless, it was the BARD's top candidate, Alessandra Buzzo, who seemed to be allowed to move into the regional council alongside Gianpaolo Bottacin. However, the preliminary result was revised in favor of Franco Roccon (Indipendenza Noi Veneto), which meant that the center-left camp was left out. The BARD is filing an appeal, but it will not change the fact that the province of Belluno is only allowed to have two of the 49 councils in the regional council, even though it is the largest province in Veneto in terms of area.
Web links
- Official website of the province (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
- ↑ Belluno Autonoma Regione Dolomiti (BARD)
- ↑ Dorfmann, una stella alpina nel bellunese
- ↑ Consiglio regional del Veneto: Testo della deliberazione legislativa statuaria
- ↑ Belluno chiede l'anne immersione al Trentino
- ↑ L'inattuabile referendum per l'Aggregazione della Provincia di Belluno alla Regione Trentino-Alto Adige
- ↑ Belluno, referendum bocciato "La richiesta è illegittima"
- ↑ Referendum bocciato «democrazia negata»
- ↑ Crisi Lega-Pdl, cade Bottacin - La provincia di Belluno al voto
- ↑ Belluno commissariata, arriva Capocelli
- ^ Unione Province d'Italia: Più Costi - Meno Democrazia
- ↑ Delrio gela Belluno: non Sarete mai come Trento e Bolzano
- ↑ Daniela Larese Filon eletta alla Presidenza della nuova Provincia
- ↑ EGTC / BL: The correspondence
- ^ Pubblicato il Bando per i progetti finanziati con il Fondo dei comuni confinanti
- ^ Contratto Roma BARD / PD
- ^ Contratto Agordo BARD / Alessandra Moretti
- ^ Il Gazzettino: I nomi dei 49 nuovi eletti
- ↑ Il Gazzettino: Riconteggi in Regione
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Coordinates: 46 ° 15 ' N , 12 ° 8' E