South Tyrolean People's Party
| South Tyrolean People's Party | |
|
|
| Party chairman | Philipp Achammer |
| Vice Party Chairman | Daniel Alfreider , Karl Zeller |
| Vice Party Leader | Angelika Wiedmer |
| Secretary General | Stefan Premstaller |
| Group leader | Gerhard Lanz |
| founding | May 8, 1945 |
| Place of foundation | Bolzano |
| Headquarters | Brennerstraße 7a 39100 Bolzano |
| Landtag mandates |
15/35 |
| Chamber of Deputies |
3/630 |
| Senators |
3/315 |
| European parliamentarians |
1/76 |
| Number of members | approx. 35,000 |
| Party structure | 7 districts, 290 local groups |
| Alignment |
Christian Democracy Regionalism |
| colour | black |
| European party | EPP (observer) |
| EP Group | EPP |
| Website | svp.eu |
The South Tyrolean People's Party ( SVP ) is a regional party in South Tyrol that was founded on May 8, 1945 immediately after the Second World War . Since then, it has seen itself as an ethnic gathering party for all German- and Ladin-speaking South Tyroleans in Italy . It owes its nickname Edelweiss to its party symbol .
Since the first free elections in the post-war period, the SVP has been the strongest political force locally. In the South Tyrolean state parliament she always held the absolute majority of the mandates until 2013, as a result always provided the majority of the members of the South Tyrolean provincial government and to date all the governors of South Tyrol. In addition, the SVP is the only party in the republican history of Italy that has been represented in the Italian parliament without interruption since the first elections in 1948 .
Political profile
The SVP is a Christian Democrat- oriented collecting party that sees itself as the representation of all German and Ladin-speaking South Tyroleans, regardless of their status or ideology. In the alliance-organized SVP there are three so-called social partner bodies that represent the interests of their members: The Agriculture Committee with strong ties (and personal overlaps) to the South Tyrolean Farmers' Union and the economic wing make up the majority of the leading members in the party. The workers, once founded to prevent a competitive German-speaking opposition in the country (see Social Progressive Party of South Tyrol and Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol ), have lost importance in recent years. In addition to the three interest groups mentioned above, women, youth ( young generation ), senior citizens and SVP Ladina are represented as independent party bodies in all party bodies. The patriotic wing that used to set the tone no longer plays a role within the party. Its decline favored (and vice versa it was also driven by) the successful emergence of right-wing populist and / or separatist parties since the 1980s, including the Freedom Party and the South Tyrolean Freedom .
In line with its regionalist self-image, the party has not yet sought direct participation in government at the state level; Rather, it has been pursuing the goal of transferring legislative and executive powers from the state to the provincial administration in order to achieve extensive self-government in South Tyrol (see autonomy of South Tyrol ). In the course of the ongoing negotiation and implementation of the South Tyrolean autonomy, the SVP consistently supported the state ruling party Democrazia Cristiana (DC) in the Italian parliament until the beginning of the 1990s . After the transformation of the Italian party system, the SVP entered into strategic partnerships with the federalist center-left alliance L'Ulivo , from which the Partito Democratico (PD) emerged in 2007 .
The SVP is a founding member of the European People's Party (EPP).
history
The South Tyrolean People's Party was founded on May 8, 1945 in the Villa Malfèr (Mignon) in Gries-Bozen (Montellostrasse) and shortly thereafter recognized by the American military administration as the legitimate interest group of the South Tyroleans. The founding members and early leading functionaries included several exponents who had decided against the German Reich on the option question and who came from the anti-Nazi Andreas Hofer Bund (including Erich Amonn , Hans Egarter , Friedl Volgger ). The majority of the party's early leadership were politically in line with the German Association of the Interwar Period, a reservoir for Catholic-conservative and German-liberal forces (e.g. Josef Menz-Popp , Alois Puff , Paul von Sternbach ). Under the "uniformity pressure" of the post-war period, the party was also open to optants , which is why the weighty SVP politicians of the first decades included members of the Wehrmacht (e.g. Alfons Benedikter , Peter Brugger , Silvius Magnago ) and even former functionaries of the Alpine Foreland operational zone between 1943 and 1945 ( such as Hans Dietl , Karl Erckert , Karl Tinzl ).
As early as 1946, the SVP handed over 155,000 signatures to the then Austrian Chancellor Leopold Figl for reunification with Austria . After the SVP had failed with its desire for self-determination, it tried to achieve the greatest possible political autonomy in Italy through negotiations based on the Gruber-De-Gasperi Agreement . In 1948 the SVP was able to send parliamentarians to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate for the first time , in which it is the only Italian party to be represented without interruption to this day. In the same year, under the legal framework of the so-called First Statute of Autonomy , the first elections to the South Tyrolean Landtag and thus also to the Regional Council of Trentino-South Tyrol took place. In the state parliament, from 1948 until today, the SVP has uninterruptedly achieved by far the largest majority (the last time in 2008 the absolute majority) of mandates, and accordingly provided all provincial governors and always the majority of the members of the South Tyrolean provincial government . In the history of the regional council, the SVP has always formed either the largest or the second largest parliamentary group and was accordingly always represented in the regional government (except in the years 1960–1970, when it refused to participate in government) . In 1952 the first post-war municipal council elections were held in South Tyrol (with the exception of Bolzano , where the first elections were held in 1948). The SVP also established itself as the strongest political force at the local level.
The first statute of autonomy, which placed the main self-government powers in the Trentino-Alto Adige region, was felt by an increasing number of SVP members to be inadequate in the course of the 1950s, as the establishment of a community region with Trentino de facto created an Italian-speaking majority of the population had been. The initially gentle political course towards Rome led to the disempowerment of the old party leadership in 1957. The new management team under Silvius Magnago followed a much tougher political course, brought to a concise form by the motto “Los von Trento” coined at the large rally at Sigmundskron Castle . The SVP achieved a renegotiation of autonomy (“South Tyrol Package”) with the participation of the Italian and Austrian governments. Magnago is considered to be the "father" of South Tyrolean regional autonomy: thanks to his commitment, the extraordinary SVP's assembly in the Kurhaus Merano in the early hours of November 23, 1969 approved the outcome of the negotiations with a narrow majority of 52.8% (583 votes versus 492 votes) . In 1972 the so-called Second Statute of Autonomy came into force in Italy, but it took two decades to implement it. In 1979 the SVP succeeded in gaining a mandate for the European Parliament , in which it has been represented ever since. On May 30, 1992, an extraordinary regional assembly of the SVP declared the implementation of the South Tyrol package to have been achieved with a large majority of 82.86%.
In the state parliament elections in 2013, the SVP missed an absolute majority of the seats in the South Tyrolean state parliament for the first time, but remained the strongest parliamentary group and leading ruling party.
Umpires
- 1945–1948: Erich Amonn
- 1948–1951: Josef Menz-Popp
- 1951–1952: Toni Ebner
- 1952–1954: Otto von Guggenberg
- 1954–1956: Karl Tinzl
- 1956–1957: Toni Ebner
- 1957-1991: Silvius Magnago
- 1991-1992: Roland Riz
- 1992–2004: Siegfried Brugger
- 2004–2009: Elmar Pichler role
- 2009–2014: Richard Theiner
- since 2014: Philipp Achammer
State Secretaries
- 1945–1947: Josef Raffeiner
- 1947–1952: Otto von Guggenberg
- 1952-1953: Albuin Forer
- 1953–1954: Vinzenz Stötter
- 1954–1957: Ivo Perathoner
- 1957–1965: Hans Stanek (1961–1964 represented by Hans Plaikner and Hans Rubner )
- 1965–1978: Josef Atz
- 1978–1989: Bruno Hosp
- 1989–1997: Hartmann Gallmetzer
- 1997–2003: Thomas Widmann
- 2004–2004: Michael Mühlberger
- 2004–2009: Alexander Mittermair
- 2009–2013: Philipp Achammer
- 2013–2014: Martin Alber
- 2014–2016: Manuel Massl
- 2017–2019: Gerhard Duregger
- since 2019: Stefan Premstaller
South Tyrolean governors
- 1952–1955: Karl Erckert
- 1955-1960: Alois Pupp
- 1960–1989: Silvius Magnago
- 1989–2014: Luis Durnwalder
- since 2014: Arno Kompatscher
Mandataries in the Italian Parliament
Mandataries in the European Parliament
- 1979–1994: Joachim Dalsass
- 1994–2009: Michl Ebner
- since 2009: Herbert Dorfmann
See also
literature
- Joachim Goller: The Brixen directions. The South Tyrolean People's Party, the Catholic camp and the clergy . StudienVerlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7065-4230-2 .
- Eveline Hermannseder: Europe's last major people's parties. The Christian-Social Union and the South Tyrolean People's Party in comparison (= parties and elections . Vol. 6). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2014, ISBN 978-3-8487-1001-0 .
- Anton Holzer / Barbara Schwelger: The Südtiroler Volkspartei: a hegemonic ethnoregionalist party , in: Lieven De Winter / Huri Türsan (eds.): Regionalist parties in Western Europe , Routledge, London / New York 1998, pp. 158-173.
- Anton Holzer: The South Tyrolean People's Party . Kulturverlag, Thaur / Tirol 1991, ISBN 3-85395-157-0 .
- Günther Pallaver : Ethnic versus ideological primacy. South Tyrol, the South Tyrolean People's Party and the Cold War , in: Hans Mikosch / Anja Oberkofler (ed.): Against bad tradition, for revolutionary new. Festschrift for Gerhard Oberkofler , StudienVerlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2012, pp. 171–186, ISBN 978-3-7065-5013-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ The number of SVP members has fallen ( memento from July 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ SVP dissolves ten local groups ( Memento from July 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Torn edelweiss: Up to 15,000 fewer “Kartl'n” ( memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Günther Pallaver: The South Tyrolean People's Party. Successful model of an ethno-regional party . Trends and Perspectives, Klagenfurt 2000.
- ↑ a b Eva Pfanzelter : Between Defeat and Liberation. End of the war in South Tyrol , in: Gottfried Solderer (Ed.): The 20th Century in South Tyrol , Volume 3: 1940–1959 , pp. 68f.
- ↑ Michael Gehler : "From half autonomy to inner self-determination". In: Hannes Obermair et al. (Ed.): Regional civil society in motion - Cittadini innanzi tutto. Festschrift for Hans Heiss . Vienna-Bozen: Folio 2012, ISBN 978-3-85256-618-4 , pp. 325–342, here p. 327 (thesis 6).
- ^ A b Günther Pallaver : Democratic start. Reactivation of political life , in: Gottfried Solderer (Ed.): The 20th Century in South Tyrol , Volume 3: 1940–1959 , pp. 90–101.
- ↑ Michael Gehler: Difficult starting position. The South Tyrol Question 1945–1959 , in: Gottfried Solderer (Ed.): The 20th Century in South Tyrol , Volume 3: 1940–1959 , pp. 124–129.
- ↑ Eva Fischer u. a .: 2013: The events of the year. In: Günther Pallaver (Ed.): Politika14. Yearbook for Politics, Bozen 2014, p. 74.
Web links
- svp.eu/de - official website
Coordinates: 46 ° 30 ′ 2.4 ″ N , 11 ° 21 ′ 41.8 ″ E