Karl Tinzl

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Karl Tinzl (born October 4, 1888 in Schlanders , then County of Tyrol ; † July 11, 1964 in Bozen , South Tyrol ) was a South Tyrolean politician and lawyer.

Youth and student days

Karl Tinzl grew up in Schlanders as the son of the lawyer and later mayor Anton Tinzl and Antonia geb. Würtz, like his siblings Josef Jr. and Antonia, attended elementary school in Schlanders. At the Benedictine grammar school in Merano , run by Benedictines from the Marienberg Abbey , Tinzl passed the Matura on June 27, 1906 with distinction in all subjects.

Tinzl also studied law at the University of Innsbruck (1906–1912) with distinction. On May 12, 1912 Karl Tinzl received his doctorate “ sub auspiciis Imperatoris ” as a doctor of law with a dissertation “On the limits of kinship law”. From 1912 Tinzl studied civil law and inheritance law in Leipzig (three semesters) and in Berlin . In the summer of 1913 Tinzl broke off his studies shortly before his habilitation in order to represent his sick father in Schlanders. In the summer of 1914, the outbreak of World War I finally prevented Tinzl from embarking on an academic career.

During the First World War, Tinzl (1915–1918) served first as a lieutenant and later as a first lieutenant .

Political career in the German Association

After the end of the First World War, Karl Tinzl was involved in founding the German Association and negotiated for it in Rome in 1919 for autonomy for South Tyrol . Tinzl ran successfully in 1921 under the edelweiss on the list of the German Association for the Italian Chamber of Deputies .

After Benito Mussolini came to power, Tinzl tried to come to an understanding with the fascists as chairman of the German Association (1923–1926) . In 1924 he ran as a candidate of the German Association in the electoral alliance with the Slovenes and Croats of Istria and was able to move into parliament together with Paul von Sternbach despite the new electoral law .

In 1928 Karl Tinzl married Gertraud Semler (* 1904 in Meran). The marriage resulted in son Georg. In March 1929 Tinzl opened his own law firm in Schlanders. Tinzl moved his office, which existed with short interruptions until 1963, and his place of residence to Bolzano in 1939. Karl Tinzl spoke out against the option agreement in 1939 , but opted for Germany himself.

Leading functionary of National Socialism in South Tyrol

From 1941 Tinzl worked as a civil servant in the German resettlement apparatus, the Working Group of Optanten für Deutschland (ADO). From this emerged from the invasion of the German Wehrmacht in South Tyrol in September 1943, the South Tyrolean Ordnungsdienst (SOD), which carried out security and police tasks according to the SS pattern and was used to persecute Jews and Dableibern (optants for Italy). The ADO itself was renamed the German ethnic group and led by the ethnic group leader Peter Hofer .

After the untimely death of Peter Hofer, Tinzl was appointed provisional prefect of the province of Bolzano on December 2, 1943 , making him one of the highest officials in the foothills of the Alps and politically only subordinate to the highest commissioner, Reich Governor and Gauleiter Franz Hofer . Franz Hofer banned all parties but had made the Italian government, only free positions were filled by appropriate representatives of the "German minority".

Tinzl acted in the interests of the Nazi regime until 1945. The South Tyrolean security service continued to operate. Unlike other prefects, he was never tried because of his work.

After the Western Allies took control of Italy and the US Army in South Tyrol on May 5, 1945, Tinzl was initially demoted to the position of Vice-Prefect of the Province. Two Italian officials from the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (CLN) were placed before him.

Second career in the South Tyrolean People's Party

On May 8, 1945, Tinzl was a founding member of the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP), but in order not to jeopardize its approval, initially remained in the background with numerous other optants . On May 17, Tinzl was deposed as Vice Prefect at the instigation of the CLN. Tinzl now devoted himself increasingly to political development work and wrote the first party program. It was also he who wrote the innumerable memoranda for the SVP, especially on the question of autonomy. This is also where his greatest achievements lie. As OptAnt Tinzl at that time was a stateless person and was able to take a political mandate and not also exercise his legal profession, which brought him also financial problems. In vain Tinzl turned against the 1946 re-opting law , which initially excluded him and many other optants from regaining Italian citizenship . After Tinzl had regained citizenship on December 18, 1952, the way was clear for his second political career.

On July 7, 1953, Karl Tinzl was re-elected to the Roman House of Representatives for the third time with an enormous number of preferential votes . On May 22, 1954 he was elected 5th chairman of the SVP, Tinzl's term of office as SVP party chairman ended on March 3, 1956. In the parliamentary elections on 25/26. May 1958 he successfully ran for the Senate of the Republic .

From 1961 to 1963 Tinzl was a member of the Nineteen Commission . Tinzl withdrew from public life in 1963, did not run for office or for the Senate and dissolved his law firm. An incurable disease resulted in death on July 11, 1964.

Awards

literature

  • Annuska Trompedeller: Karl Tinzl (1888–1964). A political biography . Studienverlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2007, ISBN 978-3-7065-4322-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 11-13.
  2. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 14-23.
  3. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 24–51.
  4. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 74–76.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Trompedeller, pp. 333–336.
  6. ↑ Trompedeller, p. 92f.
  7. ^ S. the message in the National Socialist Bozner Tagblatt of December 4, 1943, p. 2 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ For a discussion, see Trompedeller, pp. 96–114.
  9. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 115–128.
  10. ↑ Trompedeller, pp. 281–282.
  11. ↑ Tormpedeller, 279.
personal data
SURNAME Tinzl, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian politician, member of the Camera dei deputati and lawyer (South Tyrol)
DATE OF BIRTH October 4, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Schlanders
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1964
Place of death Bolzano