Semolina quirein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Semolina quirein
Italian name : Gries-San Quirino
Gries Abbey Church.JPG
Parish and collegiate church of St. Augustin von Gries
Country Italy
region Trentino-South Tyrol
province South Tyrol  (BZ)
local community Bolzano
Coordinates 46 ° 30 ′  N , 11 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 30 ′ 1 ″  N , 11 ° 20 ′ 20 ″  E
height 246  m slm
surface 13.46 km²
Residents 30,135 (2012)
Population density 2239 inhabitants / km²
Demonym Grieser or Quireiner
patron Augustine of Hippo
Church day August 28th
president Christoph Buratti (SVP)
Telephone code 0471 CAP 39100
Website Official website
Gries-Quirein from Guntschnaberg to the south

Gries-Quirein ( Italian Gries-San Quirino , pronunciation two-syllable as Gri-es / griːəs /) is one of the five districts of Bolzano , the capital of South Tyrol ( Italy ). With 30,135 inhabitants, Gries-Quirein is the most populous and with 13.46 km² the second largest district of Bolzano.

The market town of Gries near Bozen , which has been independent since 1849 and whose northern area is taken up by today's district of Gries-Quirein, was incorporated into Bozen at the turn of the year 1925/26.

geography

The cadastral municipality of Gries corresponds to the area of ​​the historical municipality of Gries in the Bozen basin in the Adige Valley . Located west of the Talfer and north of the Eisack , it includes not only the Gries-Quirein district but also the Don Bosco and Europa-Neustift districts . Today's Gries-Quirein district consists largely of the area of ​​historic Gries and extends from the Guntschnaberg (the lowest foothill of the Tschögglberg ) and the exit of the Sarntal in the north to Drususallee in the south and to the Eisackufer in the southeast. There, Drususallee and Romstraße form the border to the south-west of the Europa-Neustift district. In the east, the Talfer marks the transition to the Zentrum-Bozner Boden-Rentsch district . The historic center of the district is the spacious Grieser Platz .

Outline of the district

Gries-Quirein includes the districts of Gries, Fagen, Moritzing, Guntschnaberg , St. Georgen, Sand, Quirein and parts of Kaiserau. The old district names Hof (the area around Grieser Platz with the former St. Jakob am Hof ​​chapel), Severs (today's Fagen) and Russan or Haimgarten (both today's Moritzing) have been forgotten today. Alte Grieser Höfe are Anreiter, Fingeller in Sand, Föhrner , Fuchs in Tschams (Fuchs im Loch), Georgenhof, Kofler auf Zeslar ( Ansitz Rundenstein ), Kugler, Mantsch, Mauracher , Möckl, Perl, Ramer, Schallbauer, Schmid-Oberrautner and Steinwender .

Quirein

The Quirein district extends on the right bank of the Talfer and takes its name from the medieval Quirinus Chapel . It thus comprises the southern part of the Gries-Quirein district and is in turn bounded by the Eisack .

Moritzing

The old Anreiter wine farm in Moritzing

Moritzing is a rural area with farms that mainly grow wine . The name is derived from the Romanesque church of St. Mauritius , which was heavily rebuilt in the Gothic and Baroque periods , but of which the frescoed Romanesque apse is still preserved. The Anreiterhof, located directly next to the church and owned by the Curia Bozen-Brixen, stands out as a mighty old wine farm.

The regional hospital Bolzano and the operations center of the state rescue service White Cross are located in Moritzing .

In 1981, during construction work in Moritzing, an important archaeological find was found. This is a burial ground from the younger Iron Age . The excavations continued in 1994; A total of 32 cremation graves were recovered in urns that can be assigned to the Fritzens-Sanzeno culture . The sometimes very rich graves gave important information about the objects of daily use and the costumes of the population of that time. The finds date to the 5th to the early 3rd century BC.

history

Gries vineyards in front of the Muri-Gries collegiate church
Map of the spa community of Gries around 1884
Coat of arms of the former market town of Gries with the sighted moon and the six-pointed star
Frontispiece from Carl Höffinger's tourist local monograph from 1887

Like Bozen , Gries is an old settlement area , as indicated by numerous prehistoric and early historical sites. About 3000 finger rings from the 1st millennium BC were found in the sulfur water spring of Moritzing. Found. A first consolidation took place in Roman times . This has been confirmed by excavations in the area of ​​the Grieserhof , where the high -quality remains of a villa rustica from the 1st century AD came to light during renovations in 2016 . A renewed upswing did not occur until the Carolingian period . In the High Middle Ages , the Counts of Bozen - the Arnoldinians - were the main driving forces: towards the end of the 11th century , they built a fortified base in the center of what was once Cheller (cellar = wine cellar of the Episcopal Church Freising , first mentioned in 1165), today's Gries , which was to become a counterpoint to the market settlement of Bozen , founded in the late 12th century by the bishops of Trento . A small settlement developed around the castle, which was built by the noble family, which later died out. The name Gries first appeared around 1185/86 ( Griaz, Grize ) and it was not until the 15th century that it finally replaced the old name of Keller. When the new sovereign Meinhard II granted “his” Gries privileges against the episcopal Bolzano, Gries gained importance over Bolzano. This Gries-Bozen dualism, determined by competition but also by mutual economic integration, persisted for several centuries. A separate market law (St. Andreas Market) established a strong economic position. Gries also experienced a decisive appreciation when the Habsburg Frederick IV. In the early 15th century, the Bavarian Countess Mathilde von Valley , wife of Arnold III. von Morit- Greifenstein , in the 1160s founded Augustinian canons' monastery Maria in der Au (am Eisack near Bozen) in the former Gries Castle.

An independently acting Gries village community appeared relatively early . As early as 1165 it was acting as the rural community of Keller (-Gries; conmunitas de Cella ) in tithing disputes and in 1190 on an equal footing with the Bolzano community ( comunitas plebium de Bauçano et de Kellare ) in matters of field constraint , common land use and forest and pasture ownership . The Talfer acted as the spatial boundary between the two agglomerations .

Since the late 15th century, the integration of Gries and Bozen was actively promoted by the Habsburg rulers with the creation of the Gries-Bozen Regional Court . In the district court order of Gries-Bozen issued by Duke Sigmund of Austria-Tyrol from 1487 , all margreid within the Talfer alz zu Gries, am Hoff, am Haingartten, zu Sefers, im Sand, zu sand Jórgen, auff Contschná are expressly stated as historical Grieser districts and the Grieser Platz ( the Platz ze Gries in front of the monastery ) was designated as the location for the contest .

19th century

In the 19th century, Gries flourished as a health resort and, due to its mild climate, was particularly popular with lung diseases . Carl Höffinger worked as a spa doctor in the late 19th century, and in 1887 he also published a comprehensive local monograph. The Archduke Heinrich or Guntschna Promenade , named after the Habsburg Archduke Heinrich , who spent his twilight years in Bozen and contributed a lot to the upswing of Gries, is a reminder of this time. This heyday is reflected in the hotel and villa buildings of the time (e.g. Sonnenhof, Germania, Austria, Villa Aufschnaiter (Grieserhof), Zeltnerheim , Marienheim), the numerous influxes from the monarchy and the German Empire, which were built in 1906/08 Evangelical Christ Church and, as a particularly vivid contemporary document, the silent film Bozen with the climatic health resort of Gries, shot by Wiener Sascha-Film in 1912 and shown for the first time in 1913 .

20th century

After the fascist administration forced the incorporation of Gries into Bozen at the turn of the year 1925/26, numerous new streets were built in Gries in the 1930s (especially today's Freiheitsstrasse ), which were to form the framework of the "Greater Bozen" wanted by the regime . Numerous buildings were erected in the monumental style, including the so-called " Victory Monument ", the army command, the party headquarters " Casa Littoria " (today's tax office), the Christ the King's Church and the new courthouse on the court square .

The building boom since the 1960s has intensified the image of Gries-Quirein as a settlement, although some, e.g. Some extensive vineyards have withstood the pressure of the settlement and have been preserved.

Up to the present day, the population of Gries has retained a certain special awareness of the rest of the city of Bolzano, which is expressed in their own district festivals , the self-designation as "Grieser (inside)" (vs. Bolzano), but also in the establishment of a popular, multilingual Bozen does not find Facebook accounts under the name Gries .

Origin of name

The name of the current district is derived from the historical place names Gries and Quirein. The oldest name for Gries was Keller, coming from the old Mairhof / Weinkeller (Loffererhof) of the Bavarian Hochstift Freising near the old Gries parish church (with the well-known Coronation Altar of Mary from 1470/73 by Michael Pacher ). With the dissolution of the Bolzano municipal district in the course of community reforms ( 1849 ), Gries became an independent community in the Bolzano valley basin. The community, which was raised to a market town by Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1901 , was incorporated into Bolzano in 1925 , against the will of its population, because the fascist government needed space for its Italianized Bolzano. Strangely enough, no Italian name for “Gries” was ever invented, the German term for alluvial land or river debris (see Ettore Tolomei ) . This was probably due to the fact that Gries was divided into Rioni (districts) at that time , which were given the names Rione Venezia , Rione Tiberio , Rione Battisti and Rione Littorio . Quirein was originally one of the seven districts of Gries, its name is derived from the holy Quirinus of Tegernsee . The monks from the Tegernsee Monastery run wineries on the right bank of the Talfer, including the Mairhof and Quirinus Chapel ; this is first mentioned as "ad sanctum Quirinum" in a traditional note from the Lower Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Biburg, which is also wealthy here , and is still partially preserved in today's Guglerhof.

Former parish hall of Gries, 1888–1925
Poster of the Gries women's carnival , 2019

Today only the former center of Gries with the imposing Benedictine monastery Muri-Gries (formerly Gries Castle or Augustinian Canons' monastery) and the associated church of St. Augustine is called Gries . The village image with its rural character has been surprisingly largely preserved as such, which means that Gries is still recognizable as a separate district, although its borders with other city quarters are blurred. The Grieser Platz , which functions as a communicative focal point, with its noteworthy peripheral development has been declared a protected ensemble .

Mayor of the former municipality of Gries

  • Karl von Zallinger: September 17, 1850 - October 20, 1860
  • Anton Schmid-Oberrautner: March 2, 1861 - July 9, 1876
  • Johann Nepomuk Baron von Giovanelli: September 24, 1876 - December 3, 1876
  • Franz Tutzer: January 14, 1877 - May 23, 1886
  • Franz Lintner-Unterrautner: July 11, 1886 - December 7, 1907
  • Josef Mumelter-Möckl : January 3, 1908 - December 10, 1925

Economy and Infrastructure

Gries against the rose garden , 1968

In addition to today's Benedictine monastery and the Protestant Christ Church, Gries also houses the former parish house (built in 1888 by Sebastian Altmann ; today Gries-Quirein community center), numerous elementary, secondary and secondary schools, the state library “Dr. Friedrich Teßmann ” , the South Tyrolean headquarters of the state broadcasting company RAI , the old theater, the Higher Regional Court , the Lorenz Böhler regional hospital and the headquarters of the Italian mountain troops ( Alpini ).

A lot of wine is still grown in Gries today . Well-known varieties include Lagrein , St. Magdalener and Merlot . They are mainly pressed by the Stadtkellerei, the Muri-Gries Stiftskellerei and a number of private wineries (Egger-Ramer, Griesbauer, Mayr-Nusser, Pfannenstiel, Rottensteiner, Schmid-Oberrautner).

Culture

In Gries there has been its own civic band Gries (formerly Gries Music Society ) since 1821, which has its rehearsal bars in the Gries cultural center . The music school Gries is housed in the former Goldenes Kreuz inn on Grieser Platz. The Leonhard Lechner Cantorei is etched onto the Muri-Gries monastery.

There has been a Tyrolean rifle company in Gries since 1410 , which was banned in 1920 and re-established in 1958.

There is also a local theater association in Gries. In the Telserpassage is the city ​​theater Gries , an institution of the city of Bozen.

Castles and residences

Sacred buildings

Personalities

The historic cemetery of Gries near the old parish church
In 2017, in front of the old town hall of Gries, a memorial plaque was unveiled to commemorate the stay of Bronislaw Malinowski and Elsie Masson in Gries in the 1920s

Born in the place

Died / buried in the place

Long stay in place

  • From 1885 the Austrian poet and writer Albrecht von Wickenburg (1838–1911) lived in Gries.
  • The Polish social anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1884–1942) and his wife Elsie Masson lived in the Katharinahof and Villa Marienheim from 1926–1929.

literature

  • Josef Tarneller : The castle, court and field names in the market town of Gries near Bozen (= Schlern-Schriften 6), Innsbruck: Wagner 1924.
  • Helmut Stampfer , Hubert Walder: Michael Pacher in Bozen-Gries , 2nd edition, Bozen: Athesia 1980, ISBN 88-7014-173-X .
  • Villa Wendlandt. Catalogo della mostra / exhibition catalog , Bozen: City Archives Bozen 1999.
  • Hubert Steiner: The burial ground of Moritzing from the younger Iron Age, municipality of Bozen (South Tyrol) . In: Umberto Tecchiati (Ed.): The Sacred Angle. The Bolzano basin between the Late Bronze Age and Romanization (13th – 1st century BC) (= writings of the South Tyrolean Archaeological Museum 2), Bolzano: Monument Office 2002, pp. 155–358, ISBN 88-86857-07- 1 .
  • Walter Landi, Plazidus Hungerbühler: The Augustinian Canons' Monastery Au-Gries in Bozen . In: Hannes Obermair et al. (Hrsg.): Cathedral and collegiate pens in the Tyrol - South Tyrol - Trentino region (= Schlern-Schriften 329), Innsbruck: Wagner 2006, ISBN 3-7030-0403-7 .
  • Heinz Tiefenbrunner: History of houses in the market town of Gries near Bozen , ed. from the Bolzano Heritage Protection Association, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-8266-540-1 .
  • Walter Landi: Stiftspfarrkirche Gries, Bozen (= Kleine Kunstführer 707), Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-6758-6 .
  • Volker Stamm , Hannes Obermair: On the economy of a rural parish in the late Middle Ages. The account book of the Marienpfarrkirche Gries (Bozen) from 1422 to 1440 (= publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 33), Bozen: Athesia 2011, ISBN 978-88-8266-381-0 .
  • Volker Stamm: Property in a late medieval market town: Land and people in Gries near Bozen (= quarterly journal for social and economic history. Supplements 222), Stuttgart: Steiner 2013, ISBN 978-3-515-10374-9 .

Web links

Portal: Bolzano  - overview of Wikipedia content on Bolzano
Commons : Gries-Quirein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Resident population by district. Municipality of Bolzano, accessed on March 14, 2012 .
  2. ↑ On the historical local peace cf. Hannes Obermair , Volker Stamm: On the Economy of a Rural Parish in the Late Middle Ages , op.cit., P. 17.
  3. ↑ See in detail Josef Tarneller: The castle, court and field names in the market town of Gries near Bozen , op. Cit.
  4. ↑ Cf. Hubert Steiner: The Younger Iron Age Grave Field of Moritzing , op. Cit., P. 155ff.
  5. ^ Documents from Franz Huter (arrangement): Tiroler Urkundenbuch . Section I, Volume 1. Innsbruck: Wagner 1937, No. 427 and 429.
  6. ↑ Hannes Obermair, Volker Stamm: On the economy of a rural parish in the late Middle Ages , op. Cit., P. 14ff.
  7. ↑ Hannes Obermair: Church and city development. The parish church of Bozen in the High Middle Ages (11th – 13th centuries) . In: The Sciliar . 69th year, issue 8/9, 1995, p. 449-474, reference p. 459 .
  8. ^ Hannes Obermair: Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 191-192, no. 1230 .
  9. ^ Ch. Dupont: The station hivernale et climatérique de Gries près de Botzen dans le Sud-Tyrol. Basel: Riehm 1869; Sanatorium Gries near Bolzano, South Tyrol: Sanatorium for people with lung disease, light illnesses, convalescents, people in need of relaxation; founded in 1901. Bolzano: Verlag des Sanatoriums 1911.
  10. ↑ Carl Höffinger: Gries-Bozen in German South Tyrol, as a climatic terrain health resort and tourist station: Vademecum. Wagner University Bookstore: Innsbruck 1887.
  11. ^ Guntschnapromenade in Gries. The Walkers, accessed March 14, 2012 .
  12. ^ Viennale: Bozen with the climatic health resorts Gries , accessed on April 23, 2020.
  13. ↑ South Tyrolean Provincial Administration: Moving Life , accessed on April 23, 2020.
  14. ^ Filmarchiv Austria: Bolzano with the climatic health resort Gries, 1913
  15. ↑ Hannes Obermair, Fabrizio Miori, Maurizio Pacchiani (eds.): Lavori in Corso - The Bozner Freiheitsstraße . La Fabbrica del Tempo - The Time Factory, Bozen 2020, ISBN 978-88-943205-2-7 , p. 24-28 .
  16. ↑ Facebook account Gries is not Bolzano
  17. ^ City of Bozen - Brief history of the municipal council. Retrieved October 6, 2018 (Italian).
  18. ↑ Hannes Obermair: »The Becoming of a Room. Rottenbuch before Rottenbuch «. In: Helmut Stampfer (ed.): The Rottenbuch residence in Bozen-Gries . Tappeiner, Lana 2003, ISBN 88-7073-335-1 , pp. 16-17.