Friedrich IV. (Tyrol)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Duke Friedrich IV of Tyrol ( historicizing representation)
Duke Friedrich IV of Tyrol, 16th century woodcut from the Royal Collection , Windsor Castle , Sign. RCIN 612921

Friedrich IV with the empty pocket (* 1382 , † June 24, 1439 in Innsbruck , Tyrol) was the son of Duke Leopold III. the Righteous and the Duke of Milan Viridis Visconti . From 1402 he administered the Austrian foothills as titular duke of Austria and from 1406 was also Count of Tyrol and regent in Upper Austria .

He founded a short-lived (older) Tyrolean line of the Habsburgs . His popular nickname, which is said to have originated as a mock name, as well as the numerous legends and legends about his personality and life make Friedrich one of the most famous figures of the Middle Ages in Tyrol.

Life

Adolescent years and first offices

Friedrich, the youngest son of Leopold III., And his older brothers Wilhelm , Leopold IV. And Ernst I ( Leopoldine line of the Habsburgs ) accepted the guardianship of their uncle Albrecht (Albert) III after the death of their father in the Battle of Sempach in 1386 . After his death in 1395, they took over the rule together with their cousin Albrecht IV , who continued the Albertine line of the Habsburgs. After the Treaty of Hollenburg , Wilhelm Herzog had become a member of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and the Litorale ). Leopold became Count in Tyrol and when Friedrich reached the age of man in 1402 he was entrusted with the reign of the Habsburg possessions in Upper Austria . This then moved to Freiburg .

Wilhelm died in 1406. Leopold took over the ducal reign in Vienna for his nephew Albrecht V, who was still underage (Albrecht IV had died in 1404). Ernst, who had been on a campaign with King Ruprecht in Italy, took over Inner Austria and Friedrich at the age of 24 also took over the county of Tyrol. Since then one speaks of Upper Austria for the common rule of Tyrol , Vorarlberg and Upper Austria until 1665.

Friedrich married Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1381–1408) in Innsbruck in 1406 , daughter of the Roman king Ruprecht of the Palatinate . She bore him a daughter who soon died and died herself after three years of marriage.

War against the Appenzeller

During his reign there were foreign policy conflicts with the Appenzell people , his brothers commissioned him with a campaign against them ( Appenzell Wars ) . He raised a strong knightly armed force in front of Austria and gathered them in Arbon and Rheineck . It consisted mainly of members of the Swabian nobility and contingents from the Habsburg country towns and the allied imperial towns. The organizational focus was the Habsburg city of Schaffhausen , the Duke's most important urban ally was the city of Constance . The military enterprise ended with the defeat of Frederick's Army in the Battle of the Stoss near Gais on June 17, 1405. The success of the Appenzeller led, under Swiss guidance, to the establishment of the Bund ob dem See and to successful incursions into the Tyrolean Upper Inn Valley . For two years the Appenzell horrors spread among the princes and enthusiasm and hopes for freedom among the peasants and peasants. On January 13, 1408, however, they suffered a defeat at Bregenz against an army of the Swabian Knight League Sankt Jörgenschild and the bishops of Augsburg and Constance , which made them lose their reputation for invincibility. The Appenzeller had to withdraw to their home country. The federation above the lake collapsed and was dissolved by King Ruprecht in the Constance award of April 4, 1408. He also confirmed the demands of the Abbot of St. Gallen against the Appenzeller. In 1410 a peace agreement was finally reached.

Nobility opposition and revolution in Trento

During these years, Friedrich also had to fight against various opposition from the nobility ( Elefantenbund in 1406, Falkenbund 1407) and revolutionary ideas in the south ( Trento ) inland . He received the nickname with the empty pocket from his political opponents , which would subsequently make him popular. In 1407 there was a revolution in Trento. Nobles and citizens of the city rose up under the leadership of Rodolfo Belenzani against the bishop Georg von Lichtenstein (1390-1419). At the same time there were peasant revolts on the Nonsberg and in other parts of Trentino , so that Duke Friedrich was forced to intervene, turned against the bishop and expelled him from Trento.

Rottenburg feud

In 1410, Duke Friedrich had difficult arguments with Heinrich VI. to survive from Rottenburg , who the Bavarians under Duke Stephan III. brought from Bayern-Ingolstadt into the country. Fighting took place against the Bavarian troops in the Lower Inn Valley, where the advance could only be stopped before Hall. After an armistice, Friedrich besieged the numerous castles of Heinrich von Rottenburg, u. a. Castle Caldiff , Castle Enn , the Leuchtenburg and Laimburg . Even against the allied Heinrich von Rottenburg nobleman, the Duke was going on and besieged about by the Lords of Schlandersberg held Altenburg . Finally, the Rottenburger was arrested. Duke Friedrich imprisoned him in Innsbruck in the second half of 1410, where he was to be tried for high treason. Heinrich von Rottenburg was released from custody for a short period of time after providing surety in order to obtain the handover of his castles in the Lower Inn Valley, which were still occupied by the Bavarians. He was then returned to detention. After his release in the spring of 1411 Heinrich von Rottenburg died in Kaltern . Duke Friedrich confiscated most of his estates in favor of the princely chamber. The Rottenburg feud represented a serious political danger for the young duke, from which he emerged with a strengthened position and, through the confiscation of the Rottenburg goods, also significantly improved his financial situation.

Territory extensions

In 1410 Friedrich married Princess Anna of Braunschweig-Göttingen (1390–1432), daughter of Duke Friedrich I (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel), in Innsbruck . Of their four children, only one, Sigismund , born in 1427, reached adulthood.

In 1411 his second brother, Leopold, regent also died in Vienna. Albrecht V, their common nephew and Duke of Austria entitled to inherit, had been under the care of Ernst in Inner Austria for the last few years, now, in 1411, he took over his inheritance. Albrecht, Emperor Sigismund's son-in-law, turned his attention to Bohemia, where Sigismund was involved in the Hussite battles. Ernst and Friedrich shared the Leopoldine possessions among themselves, Ernst stayed with Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Friedrich took Alsace and the margraviate of Burgau in Swabia to Tyrol and Upper Austria .

Friedrich had already owned the county of Laufenburg in 1408, when the last of the Laufenburg line , Johann von Habsburg , died - the possessions of the Kyburg line had been lost throughout, but the title of Count of Kyburg was lost when this line of men expired in 1417 , to Friedrich.

Frederick's military undertakings in the south against Venice led to the conquest of Valsugana in 1413 and the occupation of various fortifications, including Castel Telvana . Nevertheless, Rovereto and castles in the Vallagarina ( Lagertal ) had to be ceded to the Republic of Venice .

The Council of Constance

An alliance with the antipope John XXIII, who was traveling to the Council of Constance . Duke Friedrich registered the title of General Captain of the Roman Church in Meran on October 15, 1414, but soon brought him into distress. At Sigismund's request , Friedrich went to Constance and paid homage to the emperor on February 4, 1415. Thanks to the support he gave Pope Johannes during his escape from the Council of Constance on March 20, Friedrich was summoned by the assembled imperial princes. On April 30th, Friedrich returned to Constance and immediately began to negotiate with Emperor Sigismund about the lifting of his already imposed imperial ban.

He presented himself to the Constance Assembly on May 5, 1415 and also received the repeal of the church ban and imperial grace, but had to do so on May 7, some areas of the Austrian foreland ( Bernese Aargau , the Free Offices , the County of Baden and the cellar office ) cede to the confederates and place his lands in Alsace, Breisgau, Swabia and Tyrol in the hands of the emperor. Friedrich stayed as a hostage in Constance for almost eleven months. Meanwhile his aversion to his person had cooled down and on March 30, 1416 he dared to escape from Constance via Feldkirch back to Tyrol. The Konstanz church assembly represented a very difficult political and personal crisis for Duke Friedrich. Although he committed himself to every settlement with the emperor and the church to the heavy penance imposed on him by Pope Martin V, his territorial and material losses were so great that he was popularly mocked at this time as "Friedel with an empty pocket".

The aristocratic revolts

His brother Ernst developed claims against his younger brother's Tyrol, but then compared himself with him and, as a famous fighter on Sigismund's side - knighted as a burial knight in Jerusalem in 1414 - assisted the empire. With the help of the peasants, Friedrich was able to assert himself against the emperor, the neighbors of Tyrol and his domestic political opponents, against whom he had been increasingly taking military action since 1418. In return, the function of the courts was recorded in the state constitution of Tyrol. The seat of power was moved from Meran to Innsbruck during the reign of Frederick in 1420 .

From 1423 to 1427 Frederick's struggle against the opposition Tyrolean nobility reached its final climax. The target of the military actions of the ducal troops were the castles of the von Starkenberg family, including Greifenstein and Schenna .

The late years of government

Stiftskirche Stams, grave of Frederick IV in the floor of the central nave (behind the lectern)

After the death of his brother Ernst on June 10, 1424, Friedrich took over the guardianship of his sons Friedrich and Albrecht until 1436, when they were released from guardianship.

From 1425 Friedrich's position was strengthened and the country experienced a strong upswing thanks to silver finds in Schwaz and Gossensaß .

The new Prince-Bishop Alexander von Mazowieckie , who had ruled in Trento since 1423 , initially pursued a policy of dissolving Tyrol and attempted a rapprochement with Milan and Venice . However, the rule of the Polish prince led to unrest among his subjects and finally to another bloody uprising in Trento in 1435, which Frederick used for a second occupation of the city by Tyrolean troops.

Friedrich died with an empty pocket on June 24, 1439 in Innsbruck - by no means impoverished, but as a rich man, his son Siegmund was called the rich in coins . Friedrich was buried in the Stams monastery, where, in addition to his grave, a statue in the so-called “Austrian grave” commemorates him.

presentation

Friedrich's little title read: "Fridreich, by the grace of God Hertzog ze Osterreich, ze Steyr, ze Kernden, and ze Krain, Graf ze Tyrol" . In the big title he describes himself as Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, Count of Tyrol, Habsburg, Pfirt and Kyburg, Lord of the Windischen Mark and Portenau, Margrave of Burgau and Landgrave in Alsace and im Breisgau etc. In documents that he issued together with one of his older brothers, he can always be found in the second position. To distinguish it from his eponymous nephew, the later Emperor Friedrich III. the Duke later referred to himself in his initiation with the addition of "the elder" . Two documents have been preserved in which Friedrich bears the title of Archduke of Austria : a letter of grace for the citizenship of the cities of Innsbruck and Hall in Tirol from 1411 (in which he describes himself as Friedrich III.) And a note of debt to Duke Albrecht V. of Austria from 1418.

Motto : Over a fire blazing on an altar, the motto: Quiescit in sublimi .

Seal (from 1406): Three half-round shields (Austria, Styria, Tyrol) assigned to one another in a three-pass ; Inscription between pearled strips: + Fridericvs. d (ei). gracia. dvx. Avstrie. et (ceter) a, in Gothic minuscule.

Friedrich IV in legend and legend

Friedel with the empty pocket

In contemporary texts, documents and narrative sources, Frederick IV was usually introduced with the nickname “Senior”, which he himself used, in order to refer to him from his nephew of the same name, who later became Emperor Frederick III. to distinguish. In the chronicle literature he was dubbed "Frederick the Elder" until the beginning of the 17th century.

As with many historical rulers of the late Middle Ages, there is no real evidence for Frederick IV as to how his epithet “with the empty pocket” actually came about and what it actually refers to. It would be conceivable, however, that it is a contemporary mock name that either refers to a dispute with aristocrats such as the Rottenburg feud , the aristocratic revolt of 1423, the Starkenberg feud or the Council of Constance, but it cannot be proven. The fact that the epithet is not handed down to either Ulrich von Richental or Eberhard Windeck , the two best-known contemporary Council writers, with whom the Duke also gets off very badly, suggests that the epithet originally had nothing to do with the Council of Constance would have.

The nickname "with the empty pocket" is first handed down in the topography of Austria by the Viennese humanist Johannes Cuspinian , which was written in 1529 and first printed in 1543, almost 80 years after Friedrich's death. An explanation is missing, the information that Friedrich was named in patria lingua "with the empty pockets", should be a reference to an origin from Tyrol (Cuspinian had contacts to Tyrol through Emperor Maximilian I , his wife belonged to a Tyrolean noble family) and an oral source, as well as the fact that the epithet is not only given in the language of topography, Latin, but also in German. However, no German written sources on the history of Tyrol have survived for this period. In Matthias Burglechner's "Tyrolean Eagle" around 1620, the epithet "with the empty pocket" is used for the first time in a heading, which suggests that it could be assumed to be known by the readers of the time. In the second half, the epithet also began to gain acceptance in official and scientific literature. Although the epithet was orally known before 1529, it cannot be ruled out that it was an invention of the 16th century.

Friedrich's epithet is likely to have shaped the image of posterity to the present day. While the anti-Friedrich view of his political defeats reduced to the wrong decisions of a "financially tight duke with an empty pocket" and the fact that he was one of the richest princes of his time for most of his life (and especially in later years) overlooks, the Friedrich-friendly point of view sees him as a capable man who started out as a “poor eater” and ultimately managed to gain wealth and fortune despite adverse circumstances. The Duke's actual financial circumstances - in reality Frederick IV was never really penniless despite several financial crises during his reign - suggest an ironic interpretation.

Further legends about Friedrich IV.

  • Frederick IV had the New Courtyard (today part of Innsbruck's old town ) built in Innsbruck around 1420 , which today also includes the Golden Roof , the landmark of the city of Innsbruck. However, this was only created at the end of the 15th century on behalf of Maximilian I , the great-nephew of Duke Friedrich IV. In the legend, the construction of the Golden Roof was later attributed to Friedrich IV and linked to the creation of legends about his nickname.
  • In many European countries, legends later emerged about medieval conflicts over sovereignty, in which the underdogs are usually assigned the “rogue role” or the halo of the “tragic loser”. This also applies to the disputes between Frederick IV and some important Tyrolean aristocratic families, e.g. B. Count Heinrich VI. von Rottenburg or the Lords of Starkenberg , as the anecdote about the three diseases or the legend of the Sauschloss show.
  • Frederick IV is one of those rulers who were later said to have mingled with their people without being recognized. This motif is found for the first time in written records from Enea Silvio Piccolomini , who portrays Frederick IV very negatively. In a biographical sketch of the Duke, which he took up in his book De viris illustribus (first published in 1759), at the beginning of his reign he had Friedrich visit restaurants and monasteries in disguise in order to find out how the population felt about him, a political measure to expand his position of power. In his Commentarius in libros Antonij Panormitae Poetae de dictis et factis Alphonsi regis memorabilibus , on the other hand, Friedrich is portrayed as the father of the country, concerned about the welfare of his subjects, who goes to the peasants in disguise and works for them, and he is also concerned with them To review the work of his courtiers. This version of the disguise motif was adopted by other authors in the 16th and 17th centuries and is likely to have influenced the creation of the legends.
  • The disguise motif also found its way into the so-called "escape sagas" that arose around Friedrich's return journey or escape from Constance, and in those legends that he heard in the time after his return to the conclusion of the treaties of Kropfsberg of October 4, 1416 and Innsbruck from January 1, 1417 as a refugee and persecuted through Tyrol (especially the southern and western Tyrol), so z. B. in the legends of the gatekeeper in Bludenz (to which there are also references in a town chronicle from the middle of the 15th century) and about Landeck's rhyming game.
  • Several of these "escape sagas" fall into the group of aitiological sagas, with Frederick IV they are usually founding sagas, which deal with the establishment of a court, the granting of special rights or the beginnings of a noble family or a family that has risen to the nobility. These include B. the legend about Friedrich's alleged stay at the Rofnerhof in Vent , the legend about the Friedlbecher on the Fineilhof in Schnalstal or the legends about the Hendlmüller in Obermais .

progeny

From his first marriage in 1406 with Elisabeth von der Pfalz , daughter of the elector and Roman king Ruprecht III. von der Pfalz and his wife Burgrave Elisabeth von Hohenzollern-Nürnberg , daughter of Burgrave Friedrich V :

  1. Elisabeth (* / † 1408)

From the second marriage in 1410 with Anna of Braunschweig , daughter of Duke Friedrich I from the house of the Guelphs and his wife Princess Anna of Saxony-Wittenberg from the house of the Ascanians :

  1. Margarethe (1423–9 June 1424)
  2. Hedwig (1424 - February 21, 1427 or 1432)
  3. Wolfgang (* / † February 16, 1426)
  4. Siegmund the Coin Rich (1427–1496), (Arch) Duke of Austria, Prince Count of Tyrol etc.

With Siegmund, who dies without descendants, the Tyrolean branch line of the Habsburg Leopoldins ends .

literature

Biographical monographs and general presentations

  • Clemens Brandis : Tyrol under Friedrich of Austria . Vienna 1823 (“From today's point of view, very out of date and in essential points overtaken by newer research, but currently still the most important, since it is the most detailed biography of Friedrich IV., A very successful work for its time of creation, in which, in addition to chronic sources, there is also a considerable Number of documents have been evaluated, a part of which was printed in the appendix. "
  • South Tyrolean State Museum for Cultural and State History (Ed.): Fridericus Dux Austriae. The Duke "with the empty pocket". Catalog of the exhibition at Tyrol Castle , July 6, 2018 - November 25, 2018. Bolzano: Athesia 2018, ISBN 978-88-95523-22-4 .
  • Christoph Brandhuber, Jan Cemper-Kiesslich and others: Duke Friedrich IV of Austria, Count of Tyrol 1406–1439. Files from the international conference in the Landesmuseum Schloss Tirol, 19./20. October 2017. Bozen: Athesia.Tappeiner 2018. ISBN 978-88-6839-381-6 .:

Lexica articles

Literature on partial aspects

  • Wilhelm Baum : The Habsburgs in the Vorlanden 1386–1486. Crisis and climax of the Habsburg position of power in Swabia at the end of the Middle Ages. Böhlau, Wien / Köln / Weimar 1993. (Material-rich work on a subject area that was rather neglected in science in the early 1990s, including a very negative evaluation by Frederick IV, which is still increased in later published books and works by the author.)
  • Heinrich Koller : Emperor Siegmund's fight against Duke Friedrich IV of Austria . In: Friedrich Bernward Fahlbusch , Peter Johanek (ed.): Studia Luxemburgensia . Festschrift Heinz Stoob for his 70th birthday, 1989, pp. 313–352. (Scientifically sound, factual description with a focus on the events of the Council of Constance, including a characterization of the duke and the king.)
  • Klaus Brandstätter : The farm on the move. On the stay of Duke Friedrich IV of Austria in Wiener Neustadt in 1412/1413. In: Klaus Brandstätter, Julia Hörmann (ed.): Tyrol - Austria - Italy. Festschrift for Josef Riedmann on his 65th birthday (= Schlern-Schriften 330). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2005, pp. 125–139. (Insights into the Duke's finances)
  • Klaus Brandstätter: On the development of finances under Duke Friedrich IV. In: Georg Mühlberger, Mercedes Blaas [Hrsg.]: Grafschaft Tirol. "Terra Venusta". Studies on the history of Tyrol, especially the Vinschgau (= Schlern-Schriften 337). Innsbruck 2007, pp. 219-235. (On financial and economic policy)
  • Eva Brucker: Forms of representation of power and self-portrayal of Habsburg princes in the late Middle Ages . Dissertation, Vienna 2009, pp. 279-300. (Deals with the artistic legacies (architecture, sculptures, seals, etc.) of the Habsburgs between 1379 and 1490, also contains brief biographical summaries and overviews, one of the few works with information on Habsburgs of the "second row".)
  • Karin Kranich-Hofbauer: The Starkenberg Rotulus: handwriting, edition, interpretation. (= Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. German series 51) Institute for German Studies, Innsbruck 1994, ISBN 3-901064-12-5 . (Publication of an important, albeit by no means objective, material source in the conflict between the duke and a noble family, with background information.)
  • Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in historical saga. On the mythization of Frederick IV of Austria from the 15th century to the present . (= Contributions to European ethnology and folklore. Series A, texts and studies 4). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1995. (deals with the depiction of the duke in chronicles as well as in fiction and in scientific works of the 19th and early 20th centuries.)
  • Peter Niederhäuser: Prince and escape helper. Duke Friedrich IV of Austria and the Council of Constance. In: Karl-Heinz Braun et al. (Ed.): The Council of Constance 1414-1418. World event of the Middle Ages. Essays. WBG, Darmstadt 2013, pp. 145–150. (Compact, clear biographical sketch of the Duke, limited to the Council of Constance.)
  • Peter Niederhäuser: Duke Friedrich IV of Austria - a tragic figure? In: Silvia Volkart (ed.): Rom am Bodensee. The time of the Council of Constance. (= The Thurgau in the late Middle Ages. Published by the Canton of Thurgau, Volume 1), Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2014, pp. 151–157. (Brief biographical sketch of the Duke, which, in addition to the Council of Constance, also includes its beginnings and, to some extent, the years after.)
  • Christian Sieber: "On the Move". The itinerary of the Dukes Leopold IV and Friedrich IV of Austria from the Battle of Sempach (1386) to the reconciliation with King Sigmund (1418). In: Peter Niederhäuser (Ed.): The Habsburgs between Aare and Lake Constance. (= Announcements of the antiquarian society in Zurich , 77 / New Year's paper of the antiquarian society in Zurich , 174). Zurich 2010, pp. 77–94. (Description of a "travel rule" without a permanent residence.)

Web links

Commons : Friedrich IV. (Tyrol)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wurzbach: Habsburg, Elisabeth von der Pfalz .  No. 65. In: Biographical Lexicon. 6th part. Vienna 1860, p. 165 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ On the conflict between Bavaria and Tyrol Klaus Brandstätter : Austrian War, 1410-1413. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria ( online ).
  3. ↑ The Habsburgs used the title of (later prince) Count of Kyburg in the Grand Title until 1918
  4. ↑ Josef Zösmair: Duke Friedrich's flight from Constance to Tyrol, Verlag der Wagnerschen Buchhandlung, Innsbruck 1894.
  5. ↑ According to Wurzbach, "[he] had redeemed all pledged goods and left a million guilders in gold". Biographical Lexicon I., p. 265
  6. ^ Eva Brucker: Forms of the representation of power. 2009, p. 287f.
  7. ↑ Translated from Fugger: "She rises without rest / to heaven." Jakob Fugger: Mirror of the honors of the highly praised imperial and royal ore house of Austria. Nuremberg, 1668. SoA, quoted from Wurzbach: Biographisches Lexikon IS 262 Friedrich IV.
  8. ^ Document from 1409 by Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 45, No. 923 with Fig. 7 .
  9. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 108.
  10. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 108 f.
  11. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 108.
  12. ^ Klaus Brandstätter: The farm on the way. 2005, p. 127.
  13. ^ Klaus Brandstätter: To the development of finances , 2007, pp. 219–235.
    Eva Brucker: Formen der Herrschaftsrepresentation , 2009, p. 293f.
  14. ↑ on this Franz-Heinz Hye: From Neuenhof to the Golden Roof - the beginnings of the Innsbruck residence. In: Innsbruck informed, June 1996, p. 14 ( digitized version )
  15. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, p. 109f.
  16. ↑ on this Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, pp. 92–96
  17. ↑ on this Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, pp. 96-102
  18. ↑ on this Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, p. 117f.
  19. ↑ on this Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, p. 35ff. and pp. 115-117.
  20. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, pp. 120-125.
  21. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 126ff.
  22. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 137ff.
  23. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, p. 150
  24. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 148ff.
  25. ↑ cf. Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga , 1995, p. 154ff.
  26. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. 1995, p. 160ff.
  27. ^ Klaus Brandstätter: The Tyrolean sovereigns in the 15th century . In: Margarete Maultasch. The world of a princess and other Tyrolean women of the Middle Ages . Edited by Julia Hörmann-Thurn and Taxis. (= Schlern writings 339). 2007, p. 178, footnote 25.
  28. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. On the mythization of Frederick IV of Austria from the 15th century to the present. (Contributions to European ethnology and folklore. Series A, Texts and Studies 4). Lang: Frankfurt am Main et al. 1995, p. 60.
predecessor Office successor
Leopold IV of Austria or Catherine of Burgundy Count von Pfirt
Landgrave in Alsace
etc.
( Upper Austria )
1402 and 1426–1439 		Siegmund
Leopold IV of Austria Count of Tyrol
Count of Feldkirch
1406–1439 		Siegmund
Johann IV of Habsburg-Laufenburg Count of Laufenburg
(titular)
1408–1439 		Siegmund
Leopold IV of Austria Margrave of Burgau
1411–1439 		Siegmund
Berchtold I of Habsburg-Kyburg Count of Kyburg
(titular)
1417–1439 		Siegmund
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich IV.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedrich with the empty pocket; Friedl with the empty pocket; Friedrich the Elder
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of the House of Austria or Habsburg, Prince Count of Tyrol, regent of the front and inner Austrian rulers
DATE OF BIRTH 1382
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1439
Place of death Innsbruck (Tyrol)