Rovereto

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Rovereto
coat of arms
Rovereto (Italy)
Rovereto
Country Italy
region Trentino-South Tyrol
province Trento  (TN)
Coordinates 45 ° 53 '  N , 11 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 53 '16 "  N , 11 ° 2' 40"  E
height 204  m slm
surface 50 km²
Residents 40,285 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 806 inhabitants / km²
Factions Borgo Sacco, Lizzana, Lizzanella, Marco, Mori Stazione, Noriglio, S.Giorgio, S.Ilario
Adjacent communities Villa Lagarina , Calliano , Pomarolo , Folgaria , Volano , Isera , Nogaredo , Mori , Terragnolo , Trambileno , Vallarsa , Ala
Post Code 38068
prefix 0464
ISTAT number 022161
Popular name Roveretani
Patron saint S. Marco , Madonna della Neve
Website www.comune.rovereto.tn.it
Panorama of the city, with the castle in the foreground
Panorama of the city, with the castle in the foreground

Rovereto (dialect Roveredo ) is a town with 40,285 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in Upper Italy in the Trentino Adige Valley on Leno, south of Trento and only a few kilometers northeast of Lake Garda .

name of the city

Rovereid or Roveredo around 1700

The name Rovereto refers to an oak forest (Latin roboretum ). The Italian rovere means the sessile oak in the narrower botanical sense , which can also be seen in the city's coat of arms. Historically used German exonyms derived from the Latin or Italian name include Rofereid , Rovereid and Rofreit . In addition, the Romanesque form Roveredo was common. The derived origin and family name Rofereyder, Roffereider, Rouereider is attested in the South Tyrolean area in the 15th century .

history

In the early modern period, Rovereto was part of the Bishopric of Trento . In 1416 the city fell under Venetian influence. The Republic of Venice was able to assert itself in Rovereto for almost a hundred years. In 1509, after the defeat of Venice at Agnadello, it came into the hands of Emperor Maximilian I and as a result was incorporated into the County of Tyrol as part of the Welschen Confinen . It was also Maximilian I who gave Rovereto city ​​rights on November 3, 1510 .

In the 16th century it was Girolamo Savioli, who came from Veneto, who introduced silk making in Rovereto. This experienced its economic heyday in the 18th century, which was also culturally reflected in the city with the establishment of the Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati . During this heyday, Rovereto was a stopover for many travelers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who held his first two concerts here on his first trip to Italy at Christmas 1769. In 1789 it was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who briefly stopped in Rovereto on his Italian trip before continuing on to Lake Garda.

During Napoleon Bonaparte's Italian campaign in the First Coalition War, the Austrians were defeated on September 4, 1796 in the Battle of Rovereto between Masséna and part of the Wurmser Corps, losing 5000 men and 25 cannons. After the defeat of the Austrians against Napoleon in the Battle of Austerlitz in the Third Coalition War , the city came to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1805 as a result of the Peace of Pressburg , but had to be ceded to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1810 . At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, today's Trentino with Rovereto again officially became a part of Tyrol and thus Austria . At that time the city was also called Rofereit .

When Italy entered the First World War on May 24, 1915, the city and the surrounding area of ​​Rovereto temporarily became the scene of heavy fighting, especially in May 1916 during the Austro-Hungarian South Tyrol offensive . The entire civilian population was evacuated in the first months of the war, partly in refugee camps in Upper and Lower Austria, such as Mitterndorf and Braunau am Inn . Politically suspicious people who were believed to be friendly to Italy were taken to the Katzenau internment camp . The city itself, a garrison town for the 96th KuK Infantry Brigade, the III. Battalion of the KuK Tyrolean Rifle Regiment No. I, the Haubitz Division of the KuK Mountain Artillery Regiment No. 10 and staff, II./III. Battalion KuK Tiroler Kaiserjäger Regiment No. 3, had to be left to the military. During the war it was a target of the Italian artillery and it was badly damaged. What the grenades did not destroy became the target of looting, so that after the end of the war many residents were left with nothing. On November 3, 1918, the first Italian troops entered the city.

Today, numerous monuments in the city, such as the War Museum, the Fallen Bell or the Castel Dante ossuary, commemorate these tragic events. It is not for nothing that Rovereto also bears the title Città della Pace (“City of Peace”).

Borgo Sacco, today a district of Rovereto, had for centuries an Adige port for rafting that was important for all of Tyrol. Families there united early on to form a raftsmen's union, thus gaining a monopoly on the lucrative river trade associated with customs duties. One of the oldest of these families were the (Count) Fedrigotti, which their palace in the center of Sacco reminds of. From Rovereto also came noble families such as B. the Baroni by Cavalcabò and the Gelmini by Kreutzhof .

Piazza Rosmini
Castel Dante ossuary
Hermitage of San Colombano
Fallen Bell Maria Dolens

Attractions

  • The old town with its many alleys and palaces with z. T. Venetian influence.
  • The Venetian castle from the 14th century, also called "Castel Veneto" or in German texts Schloss Rofreit .
  • The arch parish church of San Marco with numerous marble altars by important Trentino sculptors of the baroque era
  • The Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra , the largest historical war museum in Italy, officially opened in 1921 in the presence of the then King Viktor Emanuel III. opened in the castle and has been based there ever since. It contains a comprehensive collection of evidence from the First World War, but also from other eras.
  • The Ossario Castel Dante ossuary is located south of the old town on a hill above the Lizzana district, with the remains of over 20,000 fallen soldiers from the First World War: Italians and Austrians, including those of the two irredentists Damiano Chiesa and Fabio Filzi , who came from Rovereto .
  • The Maria Dolens Peace or Fallen Bell (Italian: La Campana dei Caduti ) located on the hill of Miravalle above the ossuary, which was cast in Trento on October 30, 1924 from cannons of the states involved in the First World War . It rings every evening as a warning against all wars. Because its sound did not sound as intended, the bell was melted down in Verona in 1939 and hung up again in Rovereto on May 26, 1940. Because of an irreparable crack, it was re-cast in 1964 with financial help from the Lions Club in the Capanni bell foundry and on October 31, 1965 in St. Peter's Square in Rome by Pope Paul VI. blessed. On November 4, 1965, the bell went back to Rovereto in a triumphal procession. With a weight of 22,639 kg, it is the fourth largest free-swinging bell in the world, after the Tokinosumika bell in Gotemba (Japan) (36,000 kg), the Millennium bell in Newport (Kentucky) (33,000 kg) and the Petersglocke in Cologne Cathedral (24,000 kg). The bell height is 3.36 m with a diameter of 3.21 m. Your clapper weighs 600 kg.
  • The city museum Museo Civico contains archaeological, historical, folkloric and scientific collections.
  • The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art , opened in December 2002 , Italian Museo d'arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto (MART) . It is one of the largest in Italy.
  • The former kuk tobacco factory was at times one of the largest employers in the area and remained in operation even under Italian rule. Today the largely preserved area is the location of a technology park .
  • The hermitage of San Colombano , located in a rock face, whose origins date back to the 11th century.
  • Footprints of dinosaurs have been found in the area around Lavini di Marco . These allegedly come from the genera Camptosaurus and Dilophosaurus .
  • To the west of Rovereto you reach the Adige cycle path , here identical to the Via Claudia Augusta , from which the cycle path branches off a few kilometers south via Mori to Torbole and Lake Garda.
  • Since 1987 an international soccer and handball tournament called Torneo Città della Pace has been held annually in Rovereto in the Stadio Quercia and on soccer fields in the vicinity . Youth teams from all over Europe are represented.

  • Santa Maria Monastery

  • San Marco church

  • Palazzo Pretorio

  • MART

Personalities

At times lived in the city

Twin cities

literature

  • Manuel Gober: Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra . Club 41 Rovereto, Rovereto 2008.
  • Laboratorio di storia di Rovereto (ed.): La città mondo: Rovereto 1914-1918 . Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto 1998.
  • Renato Trinco: San Marco in Rovereto. La chiesa arcipretale tra storia, arte e devozione . La Grafica, Mori 2007.

Web links

Commons : Rovereto  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Rovoreit in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ History of Rovereto ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. www.rovereto.org (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rovereto.org
  3. ^ Mathäus Seutter, Andreas Silbereisen: Tirol, Trient and Brixen , 1730, scale: about 1: 820,000. Can be viewed at https://maps.tirol.gv.at/HIK/ and accessed on July 8, 2019.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Lazius: Grafschaft Tirol , 1561, scale approx. 1: 840,000. Can be viewed at https://maps.tirol.gv.at/HIK/ and accessed on July 8, 2019.
  5. ^ A b Johann Stridbeck: Incidents in the Tyrol: Rovereid or Roveredo , Curioses Staats und Kriegs Theatrum Dermahliger incidents in the Tyrol: by different geographical, hydrographic, topographical, chronological, genealogical, historical & c. Maps, abstracts, and tables explained. Stridbeck, Augspurg around 1700.
  6. ^ Albrecht Penck: The Etsch. In: Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Association, Volume 26. German Alpine Association (founded 1874), 1895. pp. 1–15. Use of the name Rofreit on p. 5, 11–12.
  7. ^ Sprengel der Landgerichte in Tirol , 1827, scale: 1: 259.500. Can be viewed at https://maps.tirol.gv.at/HIK/ and accessed on July 8, 2019.
  8. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 154 ff., No. 1148 and 1158 .
  9. ↑ Manuel Gober: Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra . Club 41 Rovereto, Rovereto 2008, p. 38f.
  10. ↑ The Becoming of Tyrol 1150–1918
  11. ↑ Renato Trinco: San Marco in Rovereto. La chiesa arcipretale tra storia, arte e devozione . P. 16
  12. ↑ Renato Trinco: San Marco in Rovereto. La chiesa arcipretale tra storia, arte e devozione . P. 49
  13. ^ Rovereto , in: Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon , 14th edition, 1892-96, vol. 13, p. 1038.
  14. ^ Laboratorio di storia di Rovereto (ed.): La città mondo: Rovereto 1914–1918. Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto 1998.
  15. ^ Anton von Lutterotti: The Trentino. 1997, p. 143
  16. ↑ Manuel Gober: Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra. P. 53