Gelmini from Kreutzhof

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Coat of arms of the Gelmini von Kreutzhof family

Gelmini of Kreutzhof , other spellings of Gelmini (Noble) to Kreutzhof , Italian de Gelmini , is the name of a 1788 ennobled South Tyrolean letter noble family .

Surname

The name Gelmini, also in the variations Gelmetti , Gelmi , Gelmo , Gilmozzi , Guelmi e Vielmetti and Vielmi , is derived from the Italianized name Wilhelm ( Guglielmo , Gelmino , Gelmo ) in the Middle Ages . In documents, the name appeared in this spelling for the first time in the 12th century in Braone and in the Val Camonica (both province of Brescia ). In 1584 the brothers Giacomo and Giovanni Battista Gelmini appear in Trento , who had citizenship there since 1582, but not are related to the noble family. They came from Sabbio Chiese (today part of Vobarno , province of Brescia) in the Val Trompia .

Origin of the noble family

Chapel of San Nicolo the raftsman in Borgo Sacco

Ancestors of the later ennobled family were first mentioned in a document in 1522. The branch in the county of Tyrol is likely to fall under the brief Venetian rule in the southern courts in the 15th century. They were citizens of Borgo Sacco , today part of Rovereto on the Adige in what was then Welschtirol . According to an announcement in 1787, they had had citizenship there for 160 years and were entrusted with the perpetual monopoly of rafting in the inland waters of Tyrol . The Etsch was navigable from Branzoll in the direction of Verona and the main export good on this route was wood, the import good grain. Most of the wood was sent to Venice , which because of its location had no trees itself, but required large amounts of timber for buildings and, above all, ships. Tree trunks were tied together to make rafts and loaded with other goods, which were sent down the Adige. The “wood merchants and goods handlers” (wood merchants and goods handlers) in Sacco was granted a corresponding monopoly by Ferdinand II (Tyrol) in 1584 , which was not lifted until 1806 under Bavarian rule.

The ennobled family

The brothers Franz Joseph (1720–1794) and Johann Peter Gelmini (1723–1797), citizens of Sacco, were raised to the hereditary-Austrian nobility on April 12, 1788 by Emperor Joseph II with the title of Kreutzhof . Both already had a noble grandmother, Margherita von Fontana († 1712). Franz married Elisabetta Baroni von Cavalcabò (they had no male descendants), Johann Peter was married to Maria Ursula Hafner von Puechegg and Peintner . Their descendants called themselves from Gelmini (noble) to Kreutzhof .

Johann's son Anton (1771–1845) became a lawyer and married Ursula von An der Lan (1781–1835), from an old noble family who were wealthy in Salurn , including Hartmann von An der Lan-Hochbrunn . Their sons Andreas (1811–1845) and Quintilian Anton (1823–1902) became the progenitors of two lines of the family that had been resident there for generations and were landowners, silkworm breeders and wine merchants in Salurn. Many family members gained reputation through their voluntary commitment to the concerns of the community, the cooperative system and the church community.

Anton's older son Andreas married Paolina Maria Nicolini from Rovereto , through whose mother Antonie Baronesse Partini von Neuhoff this branch of the family is related to older South Tyrolean noble families. Caesar von Gelmini (* 1858) married Maria von Aufschnaiter and was a wine merchant and landowner in Salurn. Andreas' younger son Ferdinand (1867–1935), the last German- South Tyrolean mayor of Salurn, married the landlord's daughter Stefania Brachetti from Ala (Trentino) , a relative of Prince-Bishop Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer . Anton's younger son, Quintilian Anton, married Livia Marguerita von Vilas. Their son was the lawyer Dr. Maximilian Emanuel von Gelmini, whom his son Walther inherited.

Today descendants of both lines live in Bolzano , Eppan , Italy , Austria and Germany , but no longer in Salurn. In Salurn a large family grave, the M. von Gelmini-Straße and a memorial plaque for Max von Gelmini at the cemetery, as well as the Gelmini residence and the manor (formerly "nursing home"), home of Hortense von Gelmini, remind of the family .

Possessions

Anderlan residence, Salurn
Nursing home, Salurn

The family seat of the noble family was initially the old An der Lan residence, which was acquired in 1817 due to marriage . Attorney Anton von Gelmini, who also leased the profitable post office in Salurn, also acquired all Salurn properties of the widow Marina von Bossi-Fedrigotti, née in 1836. by Cosmi. This purchase allowed the family to differentiate their economic activities, which until then had exclusively related to the coordination and control of freight and forwarding trade between Bolzano and Verona on the Adige . New activities such as agriculture, sericulture and trading in wine have now been added to the portfolio. Anton von Gelmini was the largest investor in the drainage and development of the wetlands of the Adige and operated the largest local silk spinning mill. The extensive possessions were divided between his sons Andreas and Quintilian (according to family tradition by pulling matches):

Andreas received a. a. the An der Lan residence . His younger son, the mayor of Salurn, Ferdinand (1861–1935), who continued to invest in the drainage of marshland, lived in the first half of the 20th century with his very numerous family in the stately manor (former "nursing home", ie Court seat, previously "Schnatterlehof" in 1550) with its 83 rooms, built in the first half of the 17th century by the court clerk Zacharias von An der Lan (today Dr. Josef Noldin- Str. 1). The Gelmini family coat of arms is still on the archway of the adjoining building. Due to an inheritance dispute, the building was sold in the early 1970s. Andreas' older son, the mayor and hospital father of Salurn, wine merchant and landowner Caesar von Gelmini (1858–1948) and his descendants, some of whom call themselves de Gelmini, owned another residence in Salurn.

Quintilian Anton von Gelmini received the so-called Gelmini residence , Schillerstraße 2, built in the 1st half of the 17th century, and the Dornach residence near Salurn , where there is still a family coat of arms. When he died in 1902, his son Max von Gelmini zu Kreutzhof, lawyer and customs collector from Salurn, founder of the town's largest silk spinning mill and the Raiffeisenkasse Salurn, inherited the Gelmini and “Dornach” residences. He had "terrace vineyards" laid out.

His son and heir Walther von Gelmini got involved a. a. for the construction of the Salurn Oratory. The Gelmini mansion is now the seat of the “workshops for people with disabilities”, the Dornach mansion was inherited by the Gelmini family of the Barons von Hausmann, whose descendants still run the winery today.

Political role

Family grave of the Gelmini von Kreutzhof in the Salurn cemetery

Property and family members in Salurn suffered in the 20th century from the turmoil of the South Tyrolean question . Ferdinand von Gelmini (1861–1935), the last German-South Tyrolean mayor of Salurn, was relieved of his office (by 1925 at the latest) "because he was still using the name" South Tyrol " (which was forbidden by the Italian government under Mussolini ) on the official lists ". For political reasons, his estate was forcibly administered. He founded an import-export company with his sons. a. for grape juice extract, which then suffered the effects of World War II . His daughter Berta von Gelmini (born 1907) was one of the women at the end of the 1920s who - following the initiative of Salurnian Josef Noldin - gave home lessons in German, the so-called catacomb school . She "was slapped in the street and was put in dungeon for reporting the charges." Now married to Albert Relleke, she was awarded the Tyrolean Medal of Merit in 1986 . Two of her brothers became stateless , which prevented them from working , one brother, Commendatore Johannes-Anton von Gelmini Edler zu Kreutzhof (1909–1980), trained in Neustift monastery and head of the wine and beverage wholesale business, decided to do so due to harassment with the option in South Tyrol , to emigrate to his wife's German homeland and acquired the Brandenburg estate in Kirchzarten near Freiburg im Breisgau . He is the father of Hortense von Gelmini .

The President of the State Parliament and later South Tyrolean Governor Silvius Magnago wrote in a "declaration" on July 12, 1954 in Salurn:

“The Ferdinand von Gelmini family is indigenous to South Tyrol and has lived in Salurn, the last German town in South Tyrol, for centuries. The father Ferdinand von Gelmini was a large landowner and wealthy. The family has been running a large wine cellar on their extensive and spacious estate since 1857. The father was the last German mayor in Salurn and held the office highly respected and valued by the population. The family is held in high esteem in the whole of Tyrol. As a ethnic German man, Ferdinand von Gelmini was heavily exposed. His services were recognized in the book by university professor Dr. Eduard Reut-Nicolussi on the fight in South Tyrol. The family has at all times, especially the numerous male families in the two world wars, made enormous, great sacrifices for the German people. The family lost a large part of their fortune due to the political situation. In the 1930s the daughter Berta was imprisoned as a German teacher because she gave German lessons. As a result of the option for Germany in 1940, three relatives have not regained Italian citizenship to this day. In appreciation of their attitude, the family in the southernmost German-speaking town of South Tyrol is one of the last bulwarks of the German nationality and in all things that concern the German nationality here in the country, the German-speaking people look to the Gelmini family as a model for the struggling German nationality of South Tyrol . "

coat of arms

Divided into red at the top is a golden St. Andrew's cross , at the bottom in blue on a golden ground a natural peacock waving its wheels ; on the helmet with red and gold covers on the right, blue and gold on the left, the St.

Personalities

Hortense von Gelmini Award from the Pro Europa Foundation 2007
  • Andreas (André) Josef von Gelmini (* December 1, 1811; † July 20, 1875), 1849/50 Mayor of Salurn, landowner
  • Anton von Gelmini (* 1823; † 1902), lawyer and landowner
  • Caesar von Gelmini (born September 6, 1858 - † January 3, 1944), wine merchant, mayor and hospital father of Salurn in 1895
  • Max von Gelmini (* February 25, 1865 - April 21, 1938), Dr. iur., lawyer, mayor of Salurn, namesake of a street in Salurn and founder of the Raiffeisenkasse Salurn
  • Ferdinand von Gelmini (April 15, 1867 - April 5, 1935), mayor of Salurn, landowner
  • Berta von Gelmini, married. Rellecke (born March 25, 1907), holder of the Tyrolean Merit Medal
  • Wolfgang de Gelmini (born June 18, 1926 - January 14, 1993), film composer, musical director of the Staatliche Schauspielbühnen Berlin
  • Hortense von Gelmini (born April 14, 1947 in Bozen, childhood in Salurn), German musician, painter and writer
  • Florian de Gelmini (* 1976 in Berlin), German-Italian composer of film music, son of Wolfgang de Gelmini
  • Caspar de Gelmini (* 1980 in Berlin), German-Italian composer of contemporary classical music

literature

  • Bitterli-Waldvogel, Thomas: South Tyrolean Burgenkarte, Bozen, 1995
  • Wilderich von Droste zu Hülshoff : Hortense von Gelmini - life and work. LPV-Verlag Hortense von Gelmini, 2007, ISBN 978-3-936509-10-6
  • Gehler, Michael (ed.): Eduard Reut-Nicolussi and the South Tyrol question. Champion for the unity and freedom of Tyrol. Document edition, mainly from the estate (Schlern-Schriften 333/2), Innsbruck 2007, ISBN 978-3-7030-0415-5
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume IV, Page 68, Volume 67 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1978
  • Libro d'Oro 1937/39 to 1973/76
  • Mattevi, Vigilio / Municipality of Salurn (ed.): "From the past of Salurn - the village and some economic activities of the residents", 2004
  • Mattevi, Vigilio / Parish of St. Andreas Salurn: "The Church in the History of Salurn", 2000
  • Schlern writings, Salurner Büchl, Innsbruck 1956

Web link

Commons : Gelmini  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl-Friedrich Flögel: History of the court jesters . in David Siegert, Liegnitz / Leipzig 1789, p. 315 ( google.at [accessed on February 18, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Hermann Ignaz Bidermann: The Italiäner in the Tyrolean provincial association . Wagner, Innsbruck 1874, p. 19 ( google.at [accessed on February 18, 2018]).
  3. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Volume IV, page 68, Volume 67 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1978
  4. ↑ about the Giovanelli family zu Gerstburg and Hörtenberg : s. Kinship boards in the Gelmini family archive of Kreutzhof
  5. ↑ Mattevi, Vigilio / town Salorno (ed.): "For the past Salorno - The village and some economic activities of the residents," 2004, pp 189, 191
  6. ↑ Mattevi, Vigilio / town Salorno: "From past Salorno - The village and some economic activities of the inhabitants", 2004, p 245 (ed.)
  7. ↑ Mattevi, Vigilio / town Salorno (ed.): "For the past Salorno - The village and some economic activities of the residents," 2004, pp 208, 210
  8. ↑ Vigilio Mattevi: The Church in the History of Salurn, 2000, p. 347
  9. ↑ Vigilio Mattevi: The Church in the history of Salurn, 2000, p 198
  10. ↑ Vigilio Mattevi: The Church in the History of Salurn, 2000, p. 214
  11. ↑ Eduard Reut-Nicolussi: "Tirol unterm Beil", Munich 1928, page 106
  12. ↑ Eduard Reut-Nicolussi and the South Tyrol Question 1918–1958 Part 2, Innsbruck 2007, page 71
  13. ^ Private archive Johannes Anton von Gelmini zu Kreutzhof
  14. ↑ All about my bank - from the beginning to the 21st century