Schaffhausen

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Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of SchaffhausenCanton of Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (SH)
District : Schaffhausen
BFS no. : 2939i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 8200, 8201,
8203-8208 Schaffhausen
8231 Hemmental
UN / LOCODE : CH SCH
Coordinates : 689 722  /  283 562 coordinates: 47 ° 41 '48 "  N , 8 ° 38' 2"  O ; CH1903:  689 722  /  283562
Height : 403  m above sea level M.
Height range : 383–873 m above sea level M.
Area : 41.85  km²
Residents: i36,587 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 874 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		27.6% (December 31, 2,013)
City President : Peter Neukomm ( SP )
Website: www.stadt-schaffhausen.ch
Schaffhausen with Munot, Rhein & MS Munot 20150419-IMG 0194.JPG
Location of the municipality
Deutschland Deutschland Deutschland Kanton Thurgau Kanton Zürich Bezirk Oberklettgau Bezirk Reiat Bezirk Schleitheim Bezirk Unterklettgau Bargen SH Beringen SH Buchberg SH Buchberg SH Buchberg SH Merishausen Neuhausen am Rheinfall Rüdlingen SchaffhausenMap of Schaffhausen
About this picture
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Audio file / audio sample Schaffhausen ? / i (in thelocal dialect Schafuuse, Schaffuuse, Schafhuuse[ ˌʃaˈfuːz̥ə ] [ ˌʃaˈfːuːz̥ə ] [ ˌʃafˈhuːz̥ə ];French Schaffhouse,Italian Sciaffusa,Rhaeto-Romanic Schaffusa ? / i ) is a town on theUpper Rhine. It is the capital of theSwisscanton of Schaffhausenand with around 36,600 inhabitants it is also the largestmunicipality inthe canton. Audio file / audio sample

geography

Schaffhausen is the northernmost city in Switzerland and, along with Basel , the small town of Stein am Rhein , Neunkirch and Eglisau ( canton Zurich ), is one of the few Swiss cities north of the High Rhine ( border between Germany and Switzerland ). Schaffhausen is located southeast of the Randen , at the confluence of the Durach, which comes from the north, into the Rhine.

The old town has numerous Renaissance buildings . Schaffhausen got the nickname oriel town because of the 300 existing bay windows . Outside the original city ​​walls , now in the middle of the city due to the expansion, is the Munot , a fortress from the 16th century. Southwest of the city, but no longer in the city, is the Rhine Falls , the largest waterfall in Europe . Of the 41.78 km² municipality area, 19.9% ​​belong to the building zone, 29.1% are used for agriculture and 51% are forested.

Neighboring communities

Since the incorporation of Hemmental in 2009, the city of Schaffhausen borders on 13 municipalities in the canton of Schaffhausen , canton of Zurich and Germany .

Beggingen (SH)
Schleitheim (SH) 		Merishausen (SH)
Büttenhardt (SH) 		Stetten (SH)
Siblingen (SH)
Beringen (SH) 		Neighboring communities Thayngen (SH)
Dörflingen (SH)
Büsingen (D)
Neuhausen am Rheinfall (SH) Flurlingen (ZH) Feuerthalen (ZH)

City quarters

The city of Schaffhausen consists of the following quarters:

Districts according to the Federal Statistical Office
Quarter No. BFS code Residents at the end of 2015 Remarks Quarters of Schaffhausen
Rhine 1 2939001 3866
width 2 2939002 7859
Hochstrasse 3 2939003 7859
Herblings 4th 2939004 5145 1964 merged with the city of Schaffhausen
Pits 5 2939005 5791
Book thales 6th 2939006 4682 1947 merged with the city of Schaffhausen
Hemmental 7th 2939007 599 2009 merged with the city of Schaffhausen

Postcodes

Schaffhausen belongs to control group 8 of the Swiss postal code system .

Post Code district
8200 Schaffhausen
8201 Schaffhausen 1 (subjects)
8203 Schaffhausen 3 Buchthalen
8204 Schaffhausen 4 width (compartments)
8205 Schaffhausen 5 Hochstrasse (post office)
8207 Schaffhausen 7 Herblingen
8208 Schaffhausen 8 Cantonal Hospital
8231 Schaffhausen Hemmental

climate

Schaffhausen is located on the edge of the Central Plateau and in the temperate climate zone . The city lies in the rain shadow of the Black Forest , Randen and the Reiat . The Black Forest in particular keeps off the rainy westerly winds.

The annual mean temperature is 8.8 ° C, with the coldest monthly temperatures in January at 0.0 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures in July at 18.9 ° C. On average, around 82 frost days and 22 ice days are to be expected here. There are around 45 summer days on average, while there are usually 8.2 hot days . The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 438  m above sea level. M.

Schaffhausen, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
66
 
3
-2
 
 
59
 
5
-2
 
 
65
 
10
1
 
 
64
 
14th
4th
 
 
88
 
19th
9
 
 
92
 
22nd
12
 
 
95
 
25th
14th
 
 
86
 
24
14th
 
 
72
 
19th
10
 
 
77
 
14th
6th
 
 
64
 
7th
2
 
 
79
 
4th
-1
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Schaffhausen, 1981–2010
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.6 4.7 9.9 14.4 19.2 22.3 24.7 24.0 19.4 13.8 7.0 3.5 O 13.8
Min. Temperature (° C) −2.4 −2.0 1.3 4.4 8.8 11.9 13.8 13.5 10.1 6.4 1.7 −0.9 O 5.6
Temperature (° C) 0.0 1.1 5.3 9.2 13.7 16.8 18.9 18.3 14.3 9.7 4.2 1.2 O 9.4
Precipitation ( mm ) 66 59 65 64 88 92 95 86 72 77 64 79 Σ 907
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.3 2.5 3.7 4.9 5.6 6.4 6.9 6.3 4.7 2.7 1.4 1.0 O 4th
Rainy days ( d ) 10.0 8.4 10.9 9.9 11.3 11.3 11.3 10.5 8.9 9.8 9.7 10.5 Σ 122.5
Humidity ( % ) 84 80 73 68 70 70 70 72 78 83 85 85 O 76.5
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
2.6
−2.4
4.7
−2.0
9.9
1.3
14.4
4.4
19.2
8.8
22.3
11.9
24.7
13.8
24.0
13.5
19.4
10.1
13.8
6.4
7.0
1.7
3.5
−0.9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		66
59
65
64
88
92
95
86
72
77
64
79
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

population

36,641 people live in the city of Schaffhausen (as of the end of 2019).

Country December 31, 2010 December 31, 2019
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 73.3% 71.8%
GermanyGermany Germany 5.9% 6.3%
ItalyItaly Italy 3.3% 3.2%
KosovoKosovo Kosovo 1.4% 1.8%
TurkeyTurkey Turkey 2.3% 1.7%
CroatiaCroatia Croatia 2.0% nn
North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia North Macedonia 1.6% nn
Sri LankaSri Lanka Sri Lanka 1.3% nn
SerbiaSerbia Serbia / MontenegroMontenegroMontenegro  1.1% nn

With its size, the city of Schaffhausen ranks 15th in the Swiss city ranking.

The city of Schaffhausen forms the center of the canton of Schaffhausen. The agglomeration of Schaffhausen also includes the northern Zurich wine region , the Diessenhofen district in the canton of Thurgau and Büsingen in Germany . Around 100,000 people live in the Schaffhausen agglomeration.

Population development
year 1771 1850 1870 1888 1900 1920 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2019
Residents 6,969 7,700 10'214 12,315 15'275 20'064 22,498 27'261 32,840 37,035 34,250 34'225 33,072 35,045 36,641

Churches / religions

At the end of 2019, the proportion of Evangelical Reformed members in the total city population was 29.1% (2018: 29.8%). 22.1% belonged to the Roman Catholic Church (2018: 22.6%). 0.2% belonged to the Christian Catholic churches.

There are six evangelical reformed parishes in Schaffhausen: Münster / St. Johann , Buchthalen , Herblingen , Steig, Zwingli and Hemmental .

The Roman Catholic parish of Schaffhausen in the diocese of Basel is divided into three parishes: Santa Maria , St. Peter and St. Konrad.

The Evangelical Alliance Schaffhausen and the surrounding area includes: Baptist Congregation, Chrischona Congregation, Methodist Church, Salvation Army Center Tannerberg, International Christian Fellowship, Immanel Congregation, Church of the Nazarene, Pentecostal Church and Salem Life.

In Schaffhausen there is also a Christian Catholic church, an Advent church and the church of Christ Schaffhausen.

Since 1914, most abdications have been carried out in the non-denominational abdication hall in the forest cemetery . In addition to the central forest cemetery, burials still take place today in the former village cemeteries of the incorporated districts of Buchthalen, Herblingen and Hemmental.

Denomination image of the city of Schaffhausen (status: 2000 census)
Share in the population VZ 2000 2011
Christianity 78.1% 68.96%
   Regional churches > 70.7% 59.84%
      Evangelical Reformed Church 43.1% 34.91%
      Roman Catholic Church 27.6% 24.76%
      Christian Catholic Church nn 0.17%
   Free churches and Christian communities 7.4% 9.13%
Judaism nn 0.03%
   Jewish Liberal Congregation nn 0.02%
   Israelite cult community nn 0.01%
Islam 7.3% 8.09%
Hinduism nn 0.09%
Buddhism nn 0.06%
Other or not noted 14.6% 22.76%

history

The city of Schaffhausen in the chronicle of Johannes Stumpf 1548
Plan vedute of the city of Schaffhausen by Matthäus Merian d. Ä., 1642
Munot fortress .
View over the old town with the cathedral and St. Johannturm
Schwabentorturm

Prehistoric settlement

10,000 to 15,000 years ago people in the Stone Age used the Abri Schweizerbild in today's urban area as a storage place. In contrast to other localities in the canton, there are no traces of the Bronze Age , the Celts or the Romans in the urban area .

Berslingen, the forgotten village

Around 600 AD, Alemannic settlers built a pioneer homestead at the exit of the Merishausertal , in the north of the city of Schaffhausen near today's lodging house. The medieval village of Berslingen developed from this and was abandoned around 1200. Today there are no more traces of Berslingen visible.

11th to 13th centuries - becoming a town, name and founding of a monastery

The city of Schaffhausen was founded around 1000 due to the special geographical location of the place. At that time the Rhine was wide and very flat at the level of Schaffhausen. Here was one of the few places where you could cross the Rhine on horses. This ford and the rapids that followed and the Rhine Falls interrupted the waterway from Lake Constance towards Basel (→  Hochrheinschifffahrt ). The ships had to be unloaded. The goods were transported by land to below the Rhine Falls. This made Schaffhausen an important transshipment point in the region.

1045 awarded King Henry III. in Cologne Count Eberhard VI. von Nellenburg the right to mint the Scafhusun settlement on the Rhine . The certificate of appointment is kept in the Schaffhausen City Archives. The origin of the city's name is unclear; Possible interpretations are: 'at the sheep stalls ' (in Old High German  scāf  'sheep'; understood this way as early as the 12th century and translated as Ovidomus into Latin; the oldest surviving Schaffhausen coins from the same period show a ram , see also flag and coat of arms of the canton of Schaffhausen ), 'at the houses on the Röhricht' (in Old High German  scaft  'shaft, spear, pipe'), 'in the houses with scoop or storage vessels' (in Old High German  sca (p) f ' scoop  , grain measure , Scheffel '; reference to handling of goods). The return of the fore link to Old High German scafa  , small ship (?), Which has also been documented in the Middle Ages and has been popular since the Renaissance , creates difficulties in terms of content and sound.  

In 1049 the monastery of All Saints was founded by Ita and Eberhard von Nellenburg. The monastery buildings were completed in 1064. From 1090 to 1105 the Romanesque cathedral was built as a new monastery church. The cathedral tower was added in the second half of the 12th century. The altar and the building site were designed by Pope Leo IX. consecrated. Eberhard's son, Count Burkhard von Nellenburg, gave the city of Schaffhausen, including market and minting rights, to the Allerheiligen monastery in 1080. The respective abbot was thus master of the city. In the same year, Count Burkhard von Nellenburg founded the St. Agnesen Monastery for his mother, Countess Ita († after 1100) . In 1190 the monastery of All Saints and the city became imperial , d. H. they were directly under the Roman-German Emperor Heinrich VI. The Barfüsserkloster was founded in 1250 as the third monastery in the city. A ram stepping out of a gate appears for the first time on a seal from 1253. A permanent bridge over the Rhine was first mentioned in a document in 1259. In 1278 King Rudolf I of Habsburg assured the citizens that they could only be brought before a Schaffhausen court. The citizens felt that they were residents of a free city . In 1299 the city had 376 houses and 6 towers. From 1324 Schaffhausen had taken over the protective bailiff over the Paradies monastery .

14th to 15th century

In 1312 Schaffhausen concluded a four-year alliance with Zurich , St. Gallen and Constance to improve trade relations and mutual assistance . In 1330, King Ludwig the Bavarian pledged Rheinfelden and the city of Schaffhausen to the dukes Albrecht II and Otto von Habsburg . Numerous privileges as an imperial city were thus lost. Schaffhausen became an Austrian country town for the next 85 years and had to pay taxes to the Habsburg bailiffs every year. Almost three quarters of all houses in Schaffhausen were destroyed in a devastating city fire in 1372. In 1386 Schaffhausen had to fight alongside the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach against the Confederates . Several members of the city nobility lost their lives. One of the first known witch trials took place in Schaffhausen in 1402 .

Jews lived in Schaffhausen since the second half of the 13th century. The first pogrom took place in 1349 . In 1401 a rumor and false accusation led to a bloodbath of the Jewish population. 30 Jews were burned at the stake after severe torture. Just a few years later, Jews began to settle in the city again. The city revoked the right of residence to Jews in 1472. Apart from a brief interruption in the 16th century, this residential ban lasted until the end of the Old Confederation in 1798.

In addition to the small council with a “sub” mayor, there was the large council, which was headed by an “upper” mayor from 1411, and there was also the important office of sack master . From 1853 the mayors hold the title of district president. (see list of mayors in the Politics section)

On Whit Monday in 1418, Pope Martin V, newly elected at the Council of Constance , traveled through Schaffhausen on his way to Rome.

Guilds

The Vordergasse, festively decorated with the coats of arms of the 12 Schaffhausen guilds and societies .

On July 1, 1411 Frederick IV of Austria granted the Schaffhausen craftsmen and traders the right to form guilds . The Schaffhauser guilds certain from now on for over 400 years on trade and policy of the city. There were 10 craft guilds (guild to fishermen, guild to tanners, guild to shoemakers, guild to tailors, guild to blacksmiths, guild to basins, guild to rebels, guild to male dogs, guild to butchers, guild to weavers). In addition to these, the two societies also formed into lords (of the patrician families ) and merchants.

The way to the Confederation

In 1415 Duke Friedrich was ostracized at the Council of Constance . He had the illegitimate Pope John XXIII. helped to escape. The Roman-German King Sigismund made Schaffhausen an imperial city again and in 1418 placed it under the protection of the cities of Bern , Zurich and Solothurn . This step was an important rapprochement with the Swiss Confederation. During the Old Zurich War, the relationship with the Swiss Confederation cooled down, and Schaffhausen oriented itself north. It joined the Swabian Association of Cities in 1445 .

Duke Albrecht of Austria imposed a blockade on the Confederates. In order to emphasize this, he instructed Alwig X. von Sulz not to let any more merchandise pass through his area. In 1449 the dispute escalated through the confiscation of valuable cloths from Ulm . Cities in southern Germany called on Schaffhausen to put a stop to this hustle and bustle. On September 23, 1449 the people of Schaffhausen stormed Balm Castle . Duke Albrecht von Habsburg, patron of the Counts von Sulz , complained to King Friedrich III. in Vienna . This threw Schaffhausen into the Reichsacht . Everyone in the Reich was now allowed to take action against Schaffhausen with impunity. The southern German cities had to pledge not to support Schaffhausen any more. In addition, Schaffhausen had to pay a large amount of reparation. The Schaffhausen residents did not want to raise this amount themselves and asked their partners in the Swabian Association of Cities to participate in the bus. Since the Swabian Association of Cities was not ready to pay, Schaffhausen stopped paying contributions. As a result, Schaffhausen isolated itself strongly. The Habsburgs wanted to use this isolation to get Schaffhausen back under their rule. In his distress, the Schaffhausen Council requested support from the friendly Swabian cities and the confederates by messenger. Since Schaffhausen had effectively left the Swabian Confederation, it only sent 20 soldiers. The Confederates (presumably) sent an auxiliary contingent of a few hundred soldiers. As a result, on June 1, 1454, the first official alliance between Schaffhausen and the federal locations of Zurich, Bern, Lucerne , Zug , Glarus and Schwyz was established . Fearing an overpowering urban power, Uri and Unterwalden did not take part. The covenant was concluded for 25 years and was the first step towards an everlasting covenant. Fearing the federal troops, the Habsburgs withdrew from the Schaffhausen area.

With the support of the Confederates, Schaffhausen conquered part of the Reiat in 1455 and took away the rule of Thayngen from Count Ulrich von Stoffeln . In 1457 the town of Stein am Rhein bought itself free from the Lords of Klingenberg and in 1459 concluded an alliance with Zurich and Schaffhausen. On the side of the Confederates, the Schaffhauseners helped with the conquest of Thurgau. Schaffhausen sent 106 soldiers to support the Confederates in the battle of Grandson against the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold . Participation in the Battle of Murten is not guaranteed.

In 1479 the alliance with the Confederates was extended for another 25 years, this time also with Uri and Unterwalden. Although the Schaffhausen residents were asked by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Maximilian I during the Swabian War to fight with him against the Confederates, Schaffhausen adhered to the alliance. Schaffhausen was an important base for the Confederates in the north. A strong contingent of federal soldiers protected Schaffhausen from attacks during the Swabian War. Despite several successful campaigns of conquest and looting by federal contingents in the Klettgau, the Hegau and the Sundgau , no major territorial gains could be achieved through the Swabian War. Schaffhausen tried several times, together with Zurich and Solothurn , to persuade the other Confederates to occupy and secure the conquered territories for a longer period of time, but the mistrust between the rural and urban cantons prevented any long-term acquisition of territory. The cruelty of the war also alienated the population of the border areas of the Confederation, so that the support of an annexation by the local population was no longer to be expected. Despite the battle he lost near Dornach , King Maximilian I demanded the dissolution of the confederation with the Swiss Confederation during the peace negotiations in 1499. The Mayor of Schaffhausen Konrad Barter urged that Schaffhausen should now enter into an eternal alliance with the Swiss Confederation.

On August 10, 1501, the city-state of Schaffhausen became the twelfth place to become a full member of the Confederation. In 1513, Appenzell joined the Swiss Confederation. These Thirteen Old Places formed the Old Confederation until 1798 (the beginning of the Helvetic Republic ) .

16th to 18th century

Development of the city-state of Schaffhausen until 1798

In 1522 the city-state of Schaffhausen had the opportunity to expand its territory to the north. The Counts of Tengen got into debt and offered their rule for the small amount of 8,310 guilders (around CHF 100,000 in 1985) including the high and low jurisdiction of the authorities of Schaffhausen for sale. The area extended from the Durach near Merishausen via Kommingen to the Aitrach , a tributary of the Danube . The councils declined the offer because Count Christoph von Tengen owed 5,000 guilders to the city of Schaffhausen. The council sent 300 men to the Hegau to capture the bankrupt. He turned indignant to the Emperor Charles V and sold the county to the aspiring Habsburgs for the same price.

The All Saints Monastery was closed in 1524. In 1525 the city of Schaffhausen acquired sovereignty over Neunkirch , Oberhallau and Hallau from the Bishop of Constance . Pastor Sebastian Hofmeister has been spreading the idea of ​​the Reformation for several years . In 1529 the council decided to convert the city to the new confession. After the Reformation, the Barfüsserkloster and the Sankt Agnesen monastery were also closed . A hospital was housed in the buildings of the Sankt Agnesen monastery. The goods and sovereign rights over several villages around Schaffhausen were transferred from the three city monasteries to the city-state of Schaffhausen in a legally imperfect manner. This was able to expand its territory and influence accordingly. In the same year, the city of Schaffhausen acquired lower jurisdiction over the villages on the Reiat from the Paradies convent , and in 1521 and 1534 the lower law enforcement rights over Herblingen and the villages in the lower Reiat. In 1530 Schleitheim and Beggingen passed from the Landgraviate of Stühlingen to the city of Schaffhausen in exchange for Grafenhausen and Birkendorf .

Between 1563 and 1585 , the Munot fortress was built on the Emmersberg in the style of Albrecht Dürer's roundabout fortification . The city fortifications were further expanded between 1618 and 1648 to protect against Bavarian and Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War . On September 30, 1633, General Johann von Aldringen and the general Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, duque de Feria, moved from Stühlingen to the Klettgau after the siege of Constance, they threatened the city of Schaffhausen, together they commanded an army of around 30,000 Man. After negotiations, they moved to Tiengen on October 8 , which they took from the Swedes, and then besieged Rheinfelden.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the supporters of the Anabaptist movement were persecuted in the city-state of Schaffhausen for their beliefs. With the Schleitheim article in 1527, the first fully formulated confession of the Anabaptist movement was created.

The plague peaked in 1629. 2,595 inhabitants died of it that year, which was about half of the city's population.

In 1667 Schaffhausen bought the high jurisdiction from Count von Sulz and with it the rule over the northern part of the Landgraviate Klettgau . The city thus received power over the villages of Wilchingen , Osterfingen , Gächlingen , Trasadingen , Löhningen , Neuhausen am Rheinfall , Rüdlingen and Buchberg . At a high price of 221,744 guilders (1 town house cost around 2000 guilders), the city of Schaffhausen acquired high jurisdiction and thus sovereignty over the villages of the Reiat , with the exception of Büsingen, from the Austrian Landgraviate of Nellenburg in 1723 . This should never return to Schaffhausen, here in 1693 Schaffhausen had the Austrian liege lord Eberhard Im Thurn kidnapped and locked up in Schaffhausen. He was only released in 1699 following massive pressure from Austria. This political incident from the history of Büsingen is one reason why the place is still a German exclave today.

The chaos of war 1798 to 1799

Map of the administration of the landscape by the city of Schaffhausen in the 18th century
The canton of Schaffhausen in the Helvetic Republic 1798–1803

At the beginning of 1798, the city ruled over the following ten rural bailiwicks:

In 1798, French troops marched into Schaffhausen during the Second Napoleonic Coalition War . On April 12, 1798, the Helvetic Republic was established as a daughter republic of France on the soil of the Old Confederation through French revolutionary exports . This was the fall of the city-state of Schaffhausen and the beginning of the canton of Schaffhausen. In the same year French troops fought against Austria and Russia .

The canton of Schaffhausen, which was reorganized by the Helvetic Republic, now consisted of the districts of Schaffhausen, Klettgau, Reiat, Stein and Diessenhofen. The areas of Dörflingen and Stein am Rhein, which previously belonged to Zurich, were added to the canton. The lower court over Ellikon went to Zurich. The area of ​​Diessenhofen was reallocated from the former bailiff of Thurgau to Schaffhausen, but in 1800 it went to the canton of Thurgau.

Siege 1799, mediation constitution and Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

On October 1, 1798, the city and the Munot were occupied by the French, after Balthasar Alexis Henri Antoine von Schauenburg and Jean-Jacques Rapinat had already appeared in the city on June 15 . On November 15, 1798, André Masséna appeared and requested quarters for the French wounded after the Battle of Ostrach and the Battle of Stockach in the city. General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan had an ammunition depot built, and the Munot was provided with guns.

On April 13, 1799, General Maximilian Baillet von Latour and Major Michael von Kienmayer positioned 6,000 men at Herblingen and Büsingen . The guns were posted at Buchthalen on the Windegg . After the request to surrender the town and fortress remained unanswered, the bombardment began at around 3 p.m. The Munot's crew returned fire, but after storming the city at around 5 p.m., they threw the guns into the trench, where the Austrians took possession of them. To thwart a persecution, the French set fire to the Grubenmann Bridge . This was built in 1758 according to plans by the Appenzell master builder Hans Ulrich Grubenmann . On May 22nd and 23rd, 1799 about 25,000 Austrian soldiers under the leadership of Archduke Karl of southern Germany crossed the Rhine on two makeshift bridges in the Schaaren . Previously, over 1200 inhabitants of the region were forced to secure the bridgehead with a Rhine fort in the Schaarenwald, consisting of ramparts, ditches and entrenchments. In August, the Austrians were replaced by the allied Russian troops under Colonel Borodin, and they set up camp between Büsingen and Gailingen. After the Second Battle of Zurich , they withdrew at the end of October and the Austrians took their positions.

On May 1, 1800 the French General Lecourbe crossed the Rhine with 30,000 soldiers near Rheinklingen . On May 2, General Moreau marched into Schaffhausen with 35,000 soldiers. In a fierce street battle, Schaffhausen was taken back for France. The city remained occupied for over a year. Napoleon Bonaparte successfully resisted, and the Mediation Constitution was concluded on February 19, 1803 . However , the sovereign rights were only clarified with the final act of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss written in Regensburg .

The town of Stein am Rhein and the municipality of Ramsen and Hemishofen were allocated to the young canton of Schaffhausen under the French occupation. So far they have belonged to Zurich . This was the only territorial expansion of the canton of Schaffhausen. The earlier territorial expansions were made by the city-state of Schaffhausen. Dörflingen was exchanged with Zurich for Ellikon am Rhein . In the same year, the Diessenhofen district was also awarded to the canton of Schaffhausen. As early as 1800, however, he definitely moved to the canton of Thurgau .

19th to 21st century

Schaffhausen around 1850
The Fischer steel works in Mühlenthal around 1850

Fall of the city-state

Dissatisfied residents from the Klettgau marched armed to the gates of the capital in 1831. The city-state finally fell apart and the 12 guilds and societies lost their political supremacy that had existed since 1411. From 1847 onwards, the guilds were no longer allowed to participate in the election of council members. In 1855 the new trade law came into force in the canton of Schaffhausen. This also ended the influence of the guilds in the economic field and paved the way for industrialization . With 48 seats, the rural communities received a majority in the Grand Council. The city of Schaffhausen was only allowed to provide 30 representatives. The rural communities achieved their independence and were able to appoint their own local councils.

Historic aerial photo by Walter Mittelholzer from 1919

industrialization

In 1802 Johann Conrad Fischer (1773-1854) founded a foundry in the Mühlental near Schaffhausen. Georg Fischer AG later emerged from it. From 1831 to 1835, Fischer was the first mayor of Schaffhausen. Around 1850, companies such as IWC , Alusuisse and SIG were founded in Schaffhausen and Neuhausen . Large international companies developed from them in the 20th century. In 1866 the Moserdamm in the Rhine planned by Heinrich Moser was completed. At the time, it was the largest hydropower plant in Switzerland. The energy transported by wire rope transmission was the key to the industrialization of the Schaffhausen region. In 1963 the Moserdamm was replaced by today's power plant . In 1885 the high pressure water supply was put into operation. Only then was it possible to systematically develop the elevated urban outskirts.

Connection to the railway network

Schaffhausen received its first railway connection in 1857 with the Rhine Falls Railway to Winterthur . In the same year the Schaffhausen train station was opened. The current station building was not built until 1869. In 1866 the Hochrheinbahn between Waldshut and Konstanz was completed. Schaffhausen was thus connected to the Baden Railway network . In 1895 the lake line followed to Stein am Rhein and Kreuzlingen . The line via Eglisau to Zurich was finally inaugurated in 1897.

First World War

During the First World War , the borders of the canton of Schaffhausen with Germany were closely guarded by soldiers of the Swiss Army , this was the occupation of the border from 1914 to 1917.

Bombing of Schaffhausen during World War II

During the Second World War , on April 1, 1944 at 10.55 a.m., the city was targeted by an air raid by three bomber squadrons of the US 8th Air Fleet due to a navigation error . 47  B-24 “Liberator” bombers dropped 378 high-explosive and incendiary bombs on the city, killing 40 people (29 men, 9 women, 2 children). 271 people were injured, some seriously, and 465 were left homeless. The deceased rest in the Schaffhausen forest cemetery in a communal grave. Over a thousand workers lost their jobs to the destruction of factories. The Natural History Museum on Herrenacker was almost completely destroyed. The All Saints Day Museum was also bombed. Almost the entire work of the Schaffhausen Renaissance artist Tobias Stimmer was destroyed. The then US President, Franklin D. Roosevelt , apologized to the people of Schaffhausen, and the United States initially provided $ 4 million in reparation.

For a long time the thesis persisted that the bombing was intended as a targeted “retaliatory strike” or “memorandum” to the Schaffhausen industry, which supplied the German Reich with armaments. However, the files in the American and British archives, which have now become accessible, show beyond any doubt that the bombing was a tragic mistake. The actual target of the attack was the IG Farben plant (today BASF ) in Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 200 km to the north . As a result of the very bad weather over the English Channel, France and southern Germany, the inexperienced pilots got off course and lost their orientation, a tail wind of around 100 kilometers per hour led to the deviation.

Every April 1st, the bells ring in Schaffhausen to commemorate this fateful attack. It is the heaviest bombing of a Swiss city to date. Later, too, there were other victims in Allied bombings on Switzerland , such as B. in Stein am Rhein , where nine people were killed on February 22, 1945.

While the Americans had paid $ 4 million in compensation in 1944, Switzerland received from the USA on October 21, 1949 a final additional amount of 62,176,433.06 Swiss Francs ($ 14,392,692.82) for all material and material caused by the USA Personal injury in Switzerland.

In general, people in the Schaffhausen border region felt threatened during the Second World War - especially in the spring of 1940, in the run-up to the German campaign in the west , when an invasion of Switzerland was expected almost every hour.

Large infrastructure buildings

Railway bridge over the Rhine
Road bridge over the Rhine to Feuerthalen and Munot
City of Schaffhausen with the Schaffhausen power plant and the A4 cable-stayed bridge

The great industrial boom after the Second World War led to a lack of industrial space in Schaffhausen. The Herblingertal industrial area was opened up between 1966 and 1974 . Almost three million cubic meters of earth had to be removed. At the same time, the new Rhine power plant to replace the almost hundred-year-old Moser dam, the Rheinuferstrasse and the new Rhine bridge were built in Schaffhausen . Part of the earth was used for these structures. The dam section of the power plant also had to be redesigned. The Lindli Rhine promenade from Güterhof over the Salzstadel to Büsingen was wrested from the Rhine with heaped material from the Herblingertal.

The A4 city bypass was opened in 1996 to relieve the city of heavy through traffic .

Incorporations

Incorporation of Buchthalen

Reformed Church in Buchthalen

Buchthalen was an independent political municipality until the end of 1946. The economic situation forced the former farming and winegrowing village in the east of the city to give up independence. Today Buchthalen is a popular residential area in Schaffhausen.

Incorporation of Herblingen

Herblingen Castle

In 1949 the Cantonal Council rejected the first incorporation initiative of the village of Herblingen , in the northeast of the city of Schaffhausen. Another attempt in 1963 found an approving majority in the canton and the village. Herblingen became a district of Schaffhausen on January 1, 1964. It had 1987 residents. The hamlet of Gennersbrunn belonging to Herblingen also came to the city of Schaffhausen. Herblingen experienced rapid development through the consolidation of the Herblinger Valley into an industrial zone in the 1960s. In 1979, two shopping centers were built on the green field, which were expanded into the Herblinger Markt in 2001 . In 2008 the quarter had 5000 inhabitants.

Merger with Hemmental On February 23, 2007 Council, the Municipal Assembly of the northern municipality of Schaffhausen Hemmental to record with the city merger negotiations. A commission “Hemmental - How next?” In cooperation with the city drew up a draft contract, which was published on September 21, 2007. After the large city council (city parliament) had accepted the merger agreement with a large majority in March 2008, the local assembly of Hemmental met on March 26, 2008 (313 voters and thus over 80% participation). The vote resulted in a wafer-thin lead for the acceptance of the treaty (158 yes to 153 no). On April 27, 2008, the citizens of Hemmental and those of the city of Schaffhausen finally approved the merger agreement at the ballot box, which was to merge the two communities into a single community under the name Schaffhausen . As expected, the decision in Hemmental was extremely tight with 187 votes in favor against 184 against (with an absolute majority of 186 votes and a participation of 95.7%). In the city of Schaffhausen there was a clear result with 7,444 yes to 3,599 no.

After the cantonal council (cantonal parliament) of the canton of Schaffhausen approved the merger agreement with 69 to 1 on June 2, 2008, Hemmental was incorporated into the city of Schaffhausen on January 1, 2009.

In 2015 Schaffhausen was awarded the honorary title of “ European City of the Reformation ” by the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe .

Attractions

St. Johann Church
Münster and St. Johannturm with Mosergarten in the foreground.
House to the knight
Bay window in the old town of Schaffhausen
Schweizerhof (left), Munot (middle) and Güterhof (right).
Fronwagplatz
Herrenacker with granary.
Relief at the Schwabentor
City theater on the Herrenacker.

building

  • The Allerheiligen monastery was founded in 1049. In its area there is the minster , a cloister and a monastery garden . The monastery complex is now used by the All Saints Museum .
  • The Munot , an early modern fortress with a characteristic round shape, was built from 1564 to 1589 by the citizens of Schaffhausen as a slave labor . He is the symbol of the city.
  • The second large church in the old town of Schaffhausen is called St. Johann . Construction began in the year 1000.
  • In the old town there are numerous historical fountains and houses with bay windows and facade paintings that are well worth seeing.
    • The house of the knight is decorated with paintings by Tobias Stimmer .
    • The town house on Stadthausgasse / Krummgasse was built in 1730 on the site of the Barfüsser monastery, which was abandoned after the Reformation , and has served as a town house since 1839. The Schaffhausen Cantonal Council and the City Council of Schaffhausen meet in the town hall . The government council has its seat in the government building .
    • As parts of the medieval city wall are preserved:
      • The Obertorturm , a remnant of the historic Obertor, was the entrance to the city fortifications from the direction of Breite.
      • The Schwabentor , a remnant of the historic Schwabentor, was the entrance to the city fortifications from the north. On September 22nd, 1932 the attic burned down completely. From 1933 to 1935 it was rebuilt in a simpler form. A relief by Arnold Oechslin with the slogan "LAPPI TUE D'AUGEN UF" is intended to draw the boobies' attention to the heavy (car) traffic in the city.
      • The Diebsturm is a small round watchtower in the former city ​​wall on today's Grabenstrasse.
    • The house " Zun three mountains " is the father house of the Schaffhausen reformer Sebastian Hofmeister .
    • The Haberhaus in Neustadt was built in 1592/1593 as a granary. Today it is used as a restaurant and residential building.

Squares and streets

  • Fronwagplatz : This square in the heart of the pedestrian zone is the busiest and most used square in Schaffhausen. There are two historical fountains on it, which were restored and painted in the 80s of the century before last according to historical lore. The four-tube Landsknecht fountain stands in front of the Fronwagturm. The Mohrenbrunnen is on the opposite side of the square.
  • Herrenacker : This is the largest square in the city. The weekly market has been held there for centuries. Artistic performances and amusements were also held there. In 1961 the market had to give way to a car park in the course of the emerging motorization. Soon the desire for an underground parking garage arose. This failed due to political and financial obstacles. At the end of the 90s it was possible to agree on a private project. The multi-storey car park under the Herrenacker was opened in 2002. The redesign of the square needed two attempts in the referendum. In 2006, the newly designed, traffic-free space was handed over to the population, which now also serves as a venue for numerous concerts.
  • Free place : The free place is located between the lower town and the ship landing and is the only direct access from the old town of Schaffhausen to the Rhine. The square is framed by the two historic buildings Güterhof and Schweizerhof . The two properties, along with the outer salt barn located 200 meters up the Rhine, are the last witnesses to the centuries-old flourishing salt trade.
  • Kirchhofplatz : The square is behind the St. Johann church and is used as a parking lot.
  • Walter Bringolf Platz : Until 2019 the square was only called Platz . In honor of the long-time city president Walter Bringolf , the space, which partly serves as a parking lot, was renamed after him. There is also a historical fountain with a fountain figure on Walter Bringolf Platz. In the summer of 2015, the square underwent a cosmetic upgrade and nine parking spaces were canceled. Seating was created for passers-by and flower troughs were set up. This upgrading also serves the wedding parties of the neighboring civil registry office.
  • Münsterplatz : The Münsterplatz is more of a street and leads past the cathedral to All Saints' Day . The square running parallel to Vordergasse was formerly called Hintergasse .
  • Vordergasse : Traffic-free shopping street. Leads from Fronwagplatz in the direction of Schifflände to Bachstrasse (thoroughfare).
  • Lower town : Continuation of Vordergasse (also traffic-free) to Freie Platz.
  • Oberstadt : runs across from Vordergasse from Fronwagplatz to Obertor, is partially traffic-free.
  • Suburb : Second large traffic-free shopping axis. Runs from Fronwagplatz to Schwabentor.
  • Fäsenstaubpark : A park created in 1802 by the German court gardener Johann Michael Zeyher . The complex is a mixture of a landscape garden and a strictly structured baroque garden . The longitudinal axis that led through the park ended at the edge of the former Urwerf quarry . A lookout pulpit was built there. In the Middle Ages, the quarry served as a supplier of building materials for many urban properties and the like. a. also the Munot . Later the quarry was filled with excavated material. From the pulpit you have a view of the Rhine, wooded hills and the Alps. The name Fäsenstaub comes from Vesenstaub . In the 19th century, grain was still ground in the mills . The chaff was blown as dust towards the park by the wind.

Surroundings

Culture and sport

theatre

Schaffhausen has had its own city ​​theater on Herrenacker, the largest urban square, since 1867 . The house, named after its founder Johann Conrad Imthurn Imthurneum , was transferred from the Imthurn Foundation to the City of Schaffhausen in 1938 and was demolished in 1954 due to major structural defects. The current building was opened in 1956. The Schaffhausen City Theater is operated as a guest theater by the City of Schaffhausen.

Museums, library

  • The municipal museum of All Saints is largely housed in the rooms of the former Benedictine monastery of All Saints and shows exhibitions on archeology, history, art and natural history. Among other things, a replica of the prehistoric Kesslerloch cave can be seen.
  • The Stemmler Museum in Sporrengasse shows specimens from Europe, in particular a collection of stuffed birds of prey such as eagles, golden eagles and bearded vultures. The museum was built by the nature and animal rights activist Carl Stemmler (1882–1971). He wanted to draw attention to the persecution of animals. In 1970 Stemmler donated the museum to the city of Schaffhausen.
  • The museum in the armory shows personal equipment, ordinance weapons , wind instruments , historical military vehicles and artillery pieces of the Swiss army in the 19th and 20th centuries.
  • The watch factory International Watch Company exhibits approx. 230 exhibits in the IWC watch museum. With this museum, the company wants to give an insight into its history and thus also make part of the history of the city of Schaffhausen accessible to the public.
  • The Schaffhausen City Library is one of the study and educational libraries . The historical collection is located on Münsterplatz.
  • In the Hallen für Neue Kunst , works by internationally known artists from the 60s and 70s were on view, including Joseph Beuys , Sol LeWitt , Bruce Nauman , Carl Andre and Mario Merz . The museum has been closed since June 2014.

Cultural event

  • The International Bach Society has held the Bach Festival every three years since 1946, and every two years since 2012 . As a symbol of reconciliation and peace, the International Bach Society was founded one year after the Second World War under the sign of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach . At every Bach Festival , artists from the international "Bach elite" appear in Schaffhausen and the surrounding area. The 25th Bach Festival was held in 2014 together with the city of Schaffhausen. On this occasion, the Schaffhausen Jubilee Cantata by Rudolf Lutz (text by Karl Graf) was premiered on May 31, 2014 .
  • The four-day Schaffhausen Jazz Festival has been held annually since 1990 .
  • The Stars in Town music festival has been taking place on the Herrenacker every August since 2010 .
  • Since 2014, around ten chamber concerts have been held annually in the historic Zunftsaal zum Rüden under the name Klassik im Rüden .

Sports

  • The Kadetten Schaffhausen are with nine championships (2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016), eight Swiss Cup victories (1999, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2016) and six Swiss Supercup successes (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015) are the most successful Swiss handball club in recent years. The cadets celebrated international success in 2010 when they reached the EHF Cup final, which was just lost to TBV Lemgo . In 2011 and 2012, the meanwhile most successful sports club in Schaffhausen reached the Champions League round of 16. The club plays in the new BBC arena . It has a capacity of around 2,400 seats and a further 900 standing places. In addition to four training fields that can be used simultaneously, a strength and gymnastics room and a hospitality center for up to 400 people, it also offers accommodation and meals. In the integrated Suisse Handball Academy, Swiss handball talents will find opportunities to combine school and handball.
  • From the 2004/05 season to the 2006/07 season, FC Schaffhausen played in the Super League , the top football division in Switzerland. In 2007 the club was relegated to the Challenge League due to its placement . The club has already played twice in the final of the Swiss Cup (1988, 1994). The club played its home games in the Breite stadium until 2016 . At the beginning of 2017, he moved into his new LIPO Park Schaffhausen stadium in Herblingertal . The 8,000-person stadium with a small shopping center as a jacket is right next to the Schaffhausen-Herblingen underground station.
  • The second larger football club in Schaffhausen is called SV Schaffhausen , also known colloquially as "Spielvi".
  • The women's volleyball club VC Kanti Schaffhausen has been playing at a high level in Swiss women's volleyball for years. Founded in 1973 as VBC Volta, VC Kanti has been playing in the NLA (National League A, highest Swiss league) since 1991 and has meanwhile been vice-Swiss champion several times. The Swiss Cup went to Schaffhausen in the 1999/00 and 2008/09 seasons. With good appearances in the European leagues (European Cup, Top Teams Cup, CEV Cup) the club makes itself and Schaffhausen known throughout Europe. The club (like the handball club Kadetten Schaffhausen) plays its home games in the Schweizersbildhalle.
  • EHC Schaffhausen , founded in 1932, played in Group 1 of the 2nd League East of the Regio-League (Switzerland's amateur ice hockey league) in the 2010/11 season. Since November 2010 he has been playing in the newly built IWC Arena on the "Breite" in Schaffhausen. In addition to the first team, the club has a second team in the 3rd division (2010/11) and a youth department with teams in all age categories. The juniors train and play together with EHC Bülach in 2010/11 .

societies

Rhybadi

The top of the Rhybadi with Munot
The Schaffhausen Rhybadi

The Rhybadi, the municipal bathing establishment, is located in the Rhine between the Rhine bridge and the power plant . The Rheinbad, built in 1870 by the then city architect Johann Gottfried Meyer , has the shape of a ship swimming against the current. With a width of 30 meters and a length of 186 meters, it is the largest box bath that has been preserved in Switzerland. The bath was originally built far into the Rhine and could only be reached via two narrow walkways. The Rheinuferstrasse was built in the space in between in the 1960s. Until after the First World War, the bathroom was strictly separated according to gender.

The bath was built on stilts and divided into different areas. Thanks to an intermediate floor, the tip is also suitable for non-swimmers. This is followed by the former bath for men, the so-called Mannenhägli, with a three-meter high diving platform and the shorter Frauenhägli . Thanks to the power plant, the water level is always constant. Depending on the amount of water, however, the current is different.

education

Urban schoolhouses

  • Alpenblick: primary school, secondary school
  • Bach: secondary school
  • Width: primary school
  • Buchthalen: secondary school
  • Emmersberg: primary school, 16 classes
  • Yellow house garden "Gega": secondary school, junior high school, 8 classes, 180 students
  • Gräfler: secondary school, junior high school, 21 classes
  • Hohberg: Primary school
  • Kreuzgut: primary school
  • Steig: primary school
  • Earthenware: primary school
  • Zündelgut: primary school
  • Kirchhof: School for household and practical living

Schoolhouse Steig

On December 5, 1709, the new school and orphanage on the Steig was moved into. It was founded by Pastor Johann Georg Hurter. Five years earlier he began teaching the children of day laborers in the guard house at the city gate. Lessons in the new building took place in two classrooms on the ground floor. The orphans lived on the first floor. After the orphans were housed in another building in 1822, the whole building could be used as a schoolhouse. Since school lessons were not yet compulsory at that time, only half of the approximately 150 children attended classes. The remaining children had to help their parents with the field work or in the vineyards. The rise of industrialization in the 19th century also changed the composition of the students. School was not only attended by farmers' children, but also by sons and daughters from wealthy families. In 1892 the schoolhouse was replaced by a new building, the so-called red schoolhouse . It is still used today. A short time later the school building was supplemented by a gym. In 1926 an extension u. a. created for handicraft lessons.

Further schools in Schaffhausen

Cantonal School Schaffhausen (old building)
  • Cantonal School Schaffhausen
  • Vocational Training Center of the Canton of Schaffhausen (BBZ)
  • University of Education Schaffhausen (PHSH)
  • Compucollege, IT training center
  • Commercial secondary school Schaffhausen (HMS)
  • Commercial school KV Schaffhausen (HSKVS)
  • University of Applied Sciences Schaffhausen (hfw)
  • Higher Technical School Schaffhausen (HFS)
  • International School of Schaffhausen (ISSH)
  • Migros Club School
  • Music School Schaffhausen (MKS)
  • Rudolf Steiner School Schaffhausen (closed since summer 2015)
  • School for Business and Languages ​​(SWS)
  • Seniors University of Schaffhausen
  • Outskirts School (Atelier-A) Schaffhausen

Kindergartens

Bocksriet, Spiegelgut, St. Peter, Kreuzgut, Fäsenstaub, Vordersteig, Hauental, Lahn, Nelkenstrasse, Neubrunn, Rietstrasse, Schwarzadlergütli, Munothalde, Eschengut, Geissberg, Kessel, Brüel, Buchthalen, Gruben, Windegg.

traffic

Rhine bridge of the A4
InterRegioExpress on the Hochrheinbahn in Schaffhausen station
Trolleybus and bus in Bahnhofstrasse
MS Schaffhausen

Road traffic

Schaffhausen is connected to Winterthur to the south via the A4 motorway and to the north via Thayngen (until 2009 J15) to the German A 81 motorway in the direction of Stuttgart . High-performance road 4 (until 2009 A4) leads to Bargen in a north-easterly direction . Main roads 13 , 14 and 15 lead over the Rhine bridge to Feuerthalen .

Train / bus

The station can be reached by both the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and the Deutsche Bahn and, according to the land register entry, 65% belongs to the SBB and 35% to the DB. The SBB lines lead via Bülach to Zurich , via Andelfingen to Winterthur and via Stein am Rhein and Kreuzlingen to Romanshorn ; the DB connects with Basel Badischer Bahnhof and Singen and from there on with Konstanz and Lindau (Lake Constance), with the Gäubahn to Stuttgart and Ulm . Some lines are operated by Thurbo , a regional train company of the SBB. On 25 September 2011, the voters approved of the Canton of Schaffhausen with a yes-share of 76% a credit line over 74.86 million francs for the construction of the S-Bahn Schaffhausen . The project is to be implemented gradually by 2015.

From Bahnhofstrasse in the run Schaffhausen public transport vbsh the trolleybus Schaffhausen and six bus lines in the quarters and to Neuhausen am Rheinfall . In 2004 the new bus station was opened right next to the train station. From there, buses run to several municipalities in the canton of Schaffhausen and neighboring areas of the cantons of Zurich and Thurgau, as well as to southern Germany .

Outside the city there are good connections: With the seven regional lines 21 to 25, 27 and 28 of the transport company Schaffhausen vbsh, all other areas of the canton of Schaffhausen are served by buses . In addition, SüdbadenBus GmbH , for example Stein am Rhein-Singen and Swiss Post , also serves other regional routes with the Postbus .

All public transport providers had been part of the Schaffhausen tariff association since 1988 , which was integrated into the Ostwind tariff association with the 2017 timetable change .

Between 1901 and 1966, the Schaffhausen tram provided local public transport in Schaffhausen. Between 1905 and 1964, an overland tram also ran from Schaffhausen to Schleitheim . Today SchaffhausenBus operates a bus route through Klettgau to Schleitheim .

shipping

Between April and October, motor ships operated by the Swiss Shipping Company Untersee und Rhein (URh) operate up the Rhine to the Lake Constance region. The largest ship is called MS Schaffhausen .

Bicycle traffic and pedestrian traffic

Bike and hiking signposts in Schaffhausen

The main roads 13, 14, 15 and 4 are also connections for cyclists to and from Schaffhausen. A special feature is that the A4 from Schaffhausen to Thayngen is also approved for cyclists and has a cycle path for this.

Schaffhausen is connected to the SwitzerlandMobility network of tourist routes for non-motorized private transport . Several routes lead through Schaffhausen:

Cycling in Switzerland : The national Rhine route No. 2 Andermatt - Oberalppass - Chur - Schaffhausen - Basel (424 km) leads along the Rhine through Schaffhausen. This route is largely congruent with the international Rhine Cycle Route. The Hochrhein-Hotzenwald-Weg also leads through Schaffhausen.

The regional routes:

Hiking in Switzerland

Coming from Blumberg , through the canton of Schaffhausen, there is a connecting route to the Way of St. James with the stylized scallop shell , the symbol of the Way of St. James. The path crosses the Rhine near Schaffhausen and continues on two routes south to the national hiking route No. 4 ViaJacobi from SwitzerlandMobility .

The Ostweg , a north-south long-distance hiking route through the Black Forest from Pforzheim in Schaffhausen, also ends . The approximately 240-kilometer high trail was laid out in 1903 and has been maintained and looked after by the Black Forest Association ever since . His signpost is a black and red diamond on a white background.

Obstacle-free paths
  • 904. Eschheimertalweg, Schaffhausen
Mountain bike country Switzerland
  • 50th Schaffhauserland Bike
Canoeing Switzerland

politics

houses of Parliament

4th
2
1
8th
3
1
1
5
1
9
1
4th 2 1 8th 3 1 1 5 1 9 1 
A total of 36 seats

The highest elected and legislative authority of the political community of Schaffhausen is the Great City Council . It consists of 36 members who are elected every four years by those entitled to vote. In the 2009 term of office, it was reduced from 50 to 36 members by referendum. The members are elected according to the proportional representation procedure ( proportional representation ). The city council holds around 20 public meetings every Tuesday at 6 p.m. in the Rathaus arbor. The diagram opposite shows the composition of the council after the election on November 27, 2016.

Party / list Seats Share of votes in%
2016 2012 2008 2016 2012 2008
Swiss People's Party (SVP) 9 8th 7th 25.12 22.60 20.31
Social Democratic Party (SP) 8th 7th 9 21.34 21.75 25.36
FDP.The Liberals (FDP) 5 6th 7th 14.57 16.03 18.72
Alternative list Schaffhausen (AL) 4th 4th 3 11.41 11.37 7.09
Green Liberal Party (glp) 3 - - 9.45 - -
Greens (until 2017: ÖBS) 2 4th 4th 5.04 10.56 11.61
Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) 1 2 2 4.00 4.63 5.71
Federal Democratic Union (EDU) 1 1 1 3.01 3.77 3.29
Evangelical People's Party (EPP) 1 1 1 2.41 2.45 3.21
Young Socialists (JUSO) 1 1 - 2.21 2.43 -
Jungfreisinnige Schaffhausen (JFSH) 1 2 2 1.43 4.41 4.71
Participation: 53.8% 46.2% 54.0%

government

The city ​​council is responsible for government affairs. Each member also leads a unit to which different administrative areas belong. The president, vice president and all other city councilors are in full office. For the term of office from 2017 to 2020, the city council is composed as follows:

Surname Political party presentation
Peter Neukomm SP City President , Presidential Office
Simon Stocker AL Social and Security Unit
Raphaël Rohner FDP Education department
Daniel Preisig SVP Financial report
Katrin Bernath GLP Construction Department

Former city presidents

  • 1831–1835: Johann Conrad Fischer (1773–1854)
  • 1835–1844: Johann Heinrich Im Thurn (1777–1845)
  • 1845–1851: Tobias Hurter (1790–1866)
  • 1851–1865: Hans von Ziegler (1810–1865)
  • 1866–1867: Johann Heinrich Ammann (1820–1867), National Councilor
  • 1867–1879: Georg Rauschenbach (1816–1879)
  • 1879–1891: Rudolf Pfister (1824–1893)
  • 1891–1893: Conrad Habicht-Oechslin (1842–1931)
  • 1893–1894: Ernst Müller-Fink (1851–1910)
  • 1894–1917: Carl Alfred Spahn (1863–1943)
  • 1917–1919: Hermann Schlatter (1873–1953)
  • 1919–1932: Heinrich Pletscher (1878–1952)
  • 1933–1968: Walther Bringolf (1895–1981) SP
  • 1969–1988: Felix Schwank (1922–2017), FDP
  • 1989–1996: Max Hess (* 1944) SP
  • 1997-2008: Marcel Wenger (* 1948) FDP
  • 2009–2014: Thomas Feurer (* 1953) ÖBS; from 2014 GLP
  • 2015–: Peter Neukomm (* 1962) SP0000

List of former mayors

Mayor (in front of the Helvetic)

  • Götz von Hünenburg, Herrenstube, 1411 to 1416
  • Hans Lingki, Kaufleutenstube, 1416 to 1418
  • Hans von Winkelsheim, Knight, Herrenstube, 1418 to 1429
  • Konrad von Fulach, Herrenstube, 1422
  • Hans Nutzli, Gerberstube, 1426 to 1429
  • Hans Hallower, merchant's room, 1427 to 1437
  • Adam Cron, merchant's room, 1438 to 1442
  • Hans Fridbolt, Herrenstube, 1441 to 1445
  • Heinrich Barter, merchant's room, 1442 to 1466
  • Konrad Schwager, Herrenstube, 1453 to 1455
  • Nikolaus von Eich, Kaufleutestube, 1458 to 1466
  • Hans am Stad, Herrenstube, 1459 to 1479
  • Hans Waldkirch, Kaufleutestube, 1467 to 1475
  • Ulrich Trülleray, Herrenstube, 1470 to 1499
  • Laurenz Cron, merchant's room, 1477 to 1482
  • Hans Schmidt, Weberstube, 1482 to 1484
  • Hans Ulrich Oening (called Jünteler), Rebleutestube, 1485 to 1487
  • Konrad Waldkirch, Kaufleutestube, 1490 to 1502
  • Konrad Barter, Kaufleutestube, 1502 to 1518
  • Hans Trülleray, Herrenstube, 1503 to 1515
  • Hans Ziegler, merchant's room, 1515 to 1546
  • Hans Peyer, Schmiedstube, 1516 to 1531
  • Hans von Waldkirch, Kaufleutestube, 1532 to 1545
  • Konrad Meyer, Beckenstube, 1546 to 1552
  • Alexander Peyer, Schmiedstube, 1547 to 1576
  • Hans Schaltbrand, Schmiedstube, 1553 to 1558
  • Dietegen von Wildenberg, called Ringk, Herrenstube, 1559 to 1589
  • Johann Conrad Meyer , Beckenstube, 1577 to 1598
  • Hans Jakob Ziegler, merchant's room, 1590 to 1598
  • Georg Mäder, male guild, 1599 to 1604
  • Ludwig Buggin, Fischerstube, 1599 to 1607
  • Hans Heinrich Schwarz, Schuhmacherstube, 1604 to 1629
  • Alexander Keller, Schmiedstube, 1608 to 1612
  • Rochus Goßwiler, Schneiderstube, 1612 to 1632
  • Hans Martin Forrer, butcher's room, 1629 to 1638
  • Hans Imthurn , Herrenstube, 1632 to 1648
  • Hans Ludwig Seiler, male guild, 1638 to 1642
  • Hans Caspar Lang , male guild, 1642 to 1645
  • Hans Jakob Ziegler, male guild, 1645 to 1656
  • Matthäus Schalch, Schmiedstube, 1648 to 1659
  • Leonhard Meyer, Fischerstube, 1656 to 1682
  • Hans Conrad Nükom (Neukomm), Beckenstube, 1659 to 1660
  • Johannes Mäder, male guild, 1660 to 1683
  • Hans Conrad Nükum the Younger, Beckenstube, 1682 to 1699
  • Tobias Holländer von Berau, Gerberstube, 1683 to 1695 (resig.)
  • Hans Conrad Wepfer, Beckenstube, 1695 to 1707
  • Tobias Holländer von Berau, (re-election) 1699 to 1711
  • Johannes Köchlin, Schuhmacherstube, 1707 to 1710
  • Michael Senn, Schuhmacherstube, 1710 to 1725
  • Heinrich Ott, Weberstube, 1711 to 1722
  • Melchior von Pfistern, butcher's room, 1722 to 1736
  • Johann Felix Wepfer, Beckenstube, 1725 to 1749
  • Nicolaus Wischer, Schmiedstube, 1736 to 1750
  • Balthasar Pfister , Metzgerstube, 1749 to 1763
  • Franciscus von Meyenburg, Fischerstube, 1750 to 1760
  • Johann Jacob Peyer in the Hof zur Sonnen, Herrenstube, 1758 to 1761
  • Johann Christoph Schalch, Gerberstube, 1761 to 1768
  • Anselm Franciscus von Meyenburg, Fischerstube, 1763 to 1798
  • David Meier, Fischerstube, 1768 to 1788
  • Johann Heinrich Keller, tailor's room, 1788 to 1797
  • Johann Ludwig Peyer vom lower court, male guild, 1797 to 1798

Governor

  • Stephan Maurer from April 27, 1798 to March 26, 1799 then horrified and replaced by
  • Johannes Tobler from Zurich, then
  • Johann Georg Müller, Deputy Governor of the Schaffhausen District, resigned March 29, 1799
  • Johann Ludwig Peyer, Mayor on July 14, 1799
  • Stephan Maurer, sub-mayor
  • Johannes Tobler, governor, May 1, 1800
  • Johann Konrad Stierlin, governor of government, May 3, 1800
  • Johann Kaspar Maurer Unterstatthalter, May 8, 1800

Mayor from 1803 to 1852

  • Stephan Maurer, fishing guild, 1803
  • Balthasar Pfister, butcher's room, 1803 to 1822
  • Johann Konrad Stierlin, butcher's room, 1804 to 1825
  • Johann Ulrich von Waldkirch, merchant's room, 1822 to 1833
  • Franz von Meyenburg-Stokar, Fischerstube, 1826 to 1836
  • Johann Konrad Siegerist, Beckenstube, 1831 to 1833
  • Anselm Franz von Meyenburg-Rausch, Fischerstube, 1833 to 1835
  • Johann Heinrich Zündel, shoemaker's shop, 1835 to 1836
  • Johann Christoph Harder, Rebleutestube, 1836 to 1843
  • Leonhard Alexander Im Thurn, Herrenstube, 1837 to 1843
  • Franz von Meyenburg-Stokar, Fischerstube, 1843 to 1844
  • Junker Johann Conrad Peyer, Kaufleutestube, 1844 to 1851
  • Junker Ferdinand von Waldkirch, Kaufleutestube, 1844 to 1850
  • JG Böschenstein, Kleeblatt, Stein am Rhein, 1851 to 1852 (district president from 1853)
  • August Winz, male guild, 1851 to 1852 (from 1853 district president)

Town twinning

Schaffhausen has twinned cities with

The town of Schaffhausen cares cities friendships with

The city of Schaffhausen is also involved in the Schaffhausen-Joinville partnership. The partnership is based on a shared history. The southern Brazilian city of Joinville in the state of Santa Catarina was co-founded around 150 years ago by emigrants from the canton of Schaffhausen. The partnership is supported by the Schaffhausen-Joinville partnership, which is supported by the canton and city of Schaffhausen. A cooperation agreement between the Canton of Schaffhausen and the City of Joinville has existed since November 2007.

Together with the cities of Winterthur , St. Gallen and Frauenfeld , Schaffhausen supports one development aid project each year in Germany and abroad.

Schaffhausen is also involved in the “Learning Administrations” project together with seven other cities in the Lake Constance region. The project partners are Radolfzell , Überlingen , Konstanz and Friedrichshafen in Germany, Dornbirn and Feldkirch in Austria and Kreuzlingen in Switzerland . As part of this project, a network of cities is being established in which these cities want to learn with and from each other. This includes, for example, joint training, the exchange of experience on reform projects and practical cooperation.

Schaffhausen is also a founding member of the International Lake Constance Association and a member of the Zurich Metropolitan Conference and the Greater Zurich Area .

economy

Middle Ages to the 19th century

Before industrialization, the city's economy was characterized by viticulture, linen weaving, shipping and trade. The Falken brewery has existed since 1799. Since 1802, Georg Fischer's (GF) heavy industry has been the city's largest employer for more than 150 years . Benefiting from the 1866-built Moser-dam followed in the 19th century industries such as the International Watch Company (IWC) , the knitting machine factory, textile factory (Schaffhauser wool), Amsler Maschinenfabrik Maschinenfabrik Rauschenbach etc. Already in 1817 was the Ersparniskasse Schaffhausen founded and The Schaffhauser Kantonalbank has existed since 1883 .

20th century

The bicycle component manufacturer Weinmann , the electrical switchgear manufacturer CMC and the pharmaceutical company Cilag were founded in the first half of the 20th century . After the Second World War, the great industrial boom led to a lack of industrial space, which is why the Herblingertal was developed as an industrial area from 1966 to 1974. The new marshalling yard was inaugurated provisionally in 1968 and definitively in 1975. In 1967 a modern river power plant was built by the NOK to u. a. also ensure the industrial energy needs of the economy. The Belair Clinic has existed since 1971 . In 1979 the Herblinger Markt shopping center was opened. In the 1980s, the GF steel foundry and several machine factories were closed and the Schaffhausen economy experienced a major upheaval from heavy to service industry, benefiting from tax policy and economic development, among other things.

21st century

Today internationally known companies such as Garmin , Tyco International and Groupon have their headquarters in Schaffhausen, which is why there is also the English-speaking International School. The largest independent Swiss provider in the computer and electronics market, the PCP.COM Group , is also located in Schaffhausen. The Urban Games development team , known for the games Train Fever , Transport Fever and Transport Fever 2 , is based here.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

(The following personalities were born in Schaffhausen. The list is made chronologically according to year of birth. Whether or not they later had their sphere of activity in Schaffhausen is irrelevant)

Until 1800

1801 to 1900

From 1901

Other personalities

(The following personalities are or were in some outstanding way connected with Schaffhausen. The list is made chronologically according to year of birth)

media

Newspapers

The only remaining daily newspaper in Schaffhausen is called Schaffhauser Nachrichten , subtitled Schaffhauser Intellektivenblatt and is published by Verlag Meier + Cie . The Schaffhauser AZ (formerly: Schaffhauser Arbeiterzeitung) and the free Schaffhauser Bock newspaper appear only as a weekly newspaper . The magazine Lappi tue d'Augen uf appears four times a year .

Radio and television

Schaffhausen has had its own local radio, Radio Munot, since 1983 , which is known as the training radio and whose program includes the entire range of music from the past 40 years. The Schaffhauser Fernsehen radiates daily from a newscast about the area and other magazine programs. In addition, the association “Radio Schaffhauser Alternative - Rasa” has existed since 1999 - a community radio in the style of Radio LoRa in Zurich. He is the carrier of Radio RaSA . The program is determined by the broadcasters themselves.

and display information about the image
View from Munot June 2012

  • Munot fortress

  • City of Schaffhausen

  • Schaffhausen Feuerthalen am Rhein , from Munot seen from

  • Schaffhausen from a balloon perspective Eschheimertal

  • Aerial photograph May 2010

  • Aerial photo of Schaffhausen 2015

literature

  • Kurt Bänteli, Oliver Landolt, Eduard Joos and Mark Wüst: Schaffhausen (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 31, 2015 .
  • Kurt Bänteli / Katharina Bürgin: Schaffhausen in the Middle Ages. Building history 1045-1550 and archaeological-historical city cadastre of the building heritage 1045-1900. Schaffhauser Archäologie 11, Schaffhausen 2017, ISBN 978-3-9523689-3-0 .
  • Kurt Bänteli: Berslingen - a disappeared village near Schaffhausen. Medieval settlement and iron smelting in the Durach Valley. Cantonal archeology, Schaffhausen 2000, ISBN 3-9521868-1-3 .
  • Kurt Bänteli: The Allerheiligen Monastery in Schaffhausen. For the 950th year of its founding on November 22, 1049. Canton archeology, Schaffhausen 1999, ISBN 3-9521868-0-5 .
  • Franco Battel: The Schaffhausen bombing in 1944. Memories, pictures, documents. Verlag am Platz, Schaffhausen 1994, ISBN 3-908609-05-4 .
  • Derek Bennett: In Schaffhausen. French translation: Georges Zwez, Italian translation: Janna Müller-Odetti. Meili, Schaffhausen [1984], ISBN 3-85805-111-X / ISBN 3-85805-112-8 (German, English, Italian, French).
  • Rolf von Burg, Urs Husmann, Dominik Erni: Schaffhausen. City and region. Edition Basta, Schaffhausen 2006, ISBN 3-9523026-1-9 .
  • Martin Harzenmoser: Small Schaffhauser Chronicle. 2nd Edition. Didactic Center of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 2001, ISBN 3-905571-10-2 .
  • Martin Harzenmoser: Guilds and societies of the city of Schaffhausen. Meier, Schaffhausen 1995, ISBN 3-85801-139-8 .
  • Eduard Im-Thurn and Hans Wilhelm Harder: Chronicle of the City of Schaffhausen , Schaffhausen 1844 ( E-Copy ).
  • Karl Mommsen: Schaffhausen under Austrian pledge. In: Wilhelm Rausch (ed.): City and city lord in the 14th century (= contributions to the history of the cities of Central Europe. Volume 2). Austrian Working Group for Urban History Research , Linz 1972, DNB 810198975 , pp. 361–377.
  • Museum zu Allerheiligen (ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Here and Now, Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 .
  • Peter Scheck: The political alliances of the city of Schaffhausen from 1312 to 1454. Meier, Schaffhausen 1995, ISBN 3-85801-080-4 .
  • René Steiner (Hrsg.): Grenzland in the Second World War (= Schaffhauser Heimatbuch. Volume 1). Steiner, Schleitheim 2007, DNB 1066587701 .
  • Hans Ulrich Wipf: Schaffhausen. City of bay windows. 2nd Edition. Meier, Schaffhausen 2012, ISBN 978-3-85801-198-5 .
  • Matthias Wipf: Threatened border region. 3. Edition. Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2018, ISBN 978-3-0340-0729-0 .
  • Matthias Wipf: The bombing of Schaffhausen - a tragic mistake. Meier Buchverlag, Schaffhausen 2019, ISBN 978-3-85801-257-9 .

See also

Portal: Canton of Schaffhausen  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of Canton Schaffhausen

Web links

Commons : Schaffhausen  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schaffhausen  - Sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Schaffhausen  - travel guide
 Wikinews: Schaffhausen  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population according to institutional structure, gender, nationality and age. City of Schaffhausen. Status: April 1, 2012, accessed on July 11, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses - Lexicon of Swiss municipality names - Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS | LSG). Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 , and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3 , p. 803.
  4. ↑ Georg Wanner: The dialects of the canton of Schaffhausen. Phonology and form theory (= contributions to Swiss German grammar. XX). Frauenfeld 1941, p. 106 and passim ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , unprinted material; Phonetic form in the rural communities of the canton.
  6. ↑ a b Linguistic Atlas of German Switzerland , Volume V 1b (phonetic form in the city and the surrounding area).
  7. ^ Portrait of the municipality of the canton
  8. ↑ Climate table. In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on April 9, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Schaffhausen canton history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Volume 1. Ed. By the Historical Association of the Canton of Schaffhausen.
  10. ↑ stadt-schaffhausen.ch News January 20, 2020 City population will remain stable in 2019
  11. ↑ a b Resident population by religion, by cantons and cities. (No longer available online.) In: bfs.admin.ch. Federal Statistical Office, archived from the original on May 1, 2011 ; accessed on May 2, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Community of Schaffhausen: residents by denomination December 31, 2011 (settled).
  13. ↑ Martin Harzenmoser: Small Schaffhauser Chronicle. 2nd Edition. Didactic Center of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 2001, ISBN 3-905571-10-2 .
  14. ^ Certificate of the first mention of Schaffhausen. In: stadtarchiv-schaffhausen.ch, accessed on April 3, 2020.
  15. ^ Karl Mommsen: Schaffhausen under Austrian pledge. In: Wilhelm Rausch (ed.): City and city lord in the 14th century (= contributions to the history of the cities of Central Europe. Volume 2). Austrian Working Group for Urban History Research , Linz 1972, DNB 810198975 , pp. 363–375.
  16. ^ How in 1401 a rumor cost all Jews in Schaffhausen their lives. In: Schaffhauser Nachrichten of September 17, 2018.
  17. ↑ Kurt Bänteli, Oliver Landolt, Eduard Joos and Mark Wüst: Schaffhausen (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 31, 2015 , accessed December 25, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Mark Liebenberg: When the Pope came to Schafhausen. In: Schaffhauser Nachrichten . June 21, 2018, p. 19.
  19. ^ Website of the Schaffhausen guilds. In: zuenfte.ch, accessed on May 2, 2018.
  20. ↑ City Archives Schaffhausen: The Swabian War in 1499. (PDF, 64 kB) In: , accessed on 3 April 2020th
  21. ^ Peter Scheck, City Archives Schaffhausen: The Eternal Alliance Schaffhausen with the Confederation. (PDF; 42 kB) In: stadtarchiv-schaffhausen.ch, accessed on May 2, 2018.
  22. ↑ a b c Schaffhauser Magazin 02/1987: The limits. Publishing house Steiner + Grüninger, Schaffhausen.
  23. ^ History. In: agrafenhausen.de, accessed on July 21, 2012.
  24. ↑ Bürgergemeinde Diessenhofen: General estate
  25. ^ Roland E. Hofer, Markus Höneisen, Oliver Landolt, Eduard Joos, Markus Späth-Walter: Schaffhausen (canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 11, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Simon Netzle: Diessenhofen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . April 13, 2005 , accessed December 25, 2019 .
  27. ^ History of Schaffhausen.
  28. ↑ City Archives Schaffhausen: Schaffhausen in World War II: Public transport on the day of the bombing
  29. ^ Charles W. McArthur: Operations Analysis in the United States Army Eighth Air Force in World War (= History of mathematics. 4). American Mathematic Society et al. a., Providence, RI 1992, ISBN 0-8218-0158-9 , p. 152.
  30. ↑ Urs Weibel: More than a dinosaur from the ashes - the cultural donations for the Natural History Museum. In: Museum zu Allerheiligen (Ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Hier und Jetzt, Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 , pp. 87-105.
  31. ↑ Andreas Rüfenacht: The destroyed art department and the consequences of its destruction. In: Museum zu Allerheiligen (Ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Hier und Jetzt, Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 , pp. 35–47.
  32. ↑ Schaffhausen Photo Archive: Bombardment.
  33. ^ Matthias Wipf: The bombing of Schaffhausen - a tragic error. Meier-Buchverlag, Schaffhausen 2019, ISBN 978-3-85801-257-9 .
  34. ↑ When US bombs fell on Schaffhausen. In: 20 minutes . April 1, 2014.
  35. ^ Swiss Film Weekly: Bombardment of the city of Schaffhausen on April 1, 1944.
  36. ^ Franco Battel: The bombing - Schaffhausen 1944 - memories, pictures, documents. ISBN 3-908609-05-4 .
  37. ↑ Schaffhauser Nachrichten 2014: 70 years of bombing the city of Schaffhausen.
  38. ↑ Jonathan E. Helmreich: The Diplomacy of Apology . US Bombings of Switzerland during World War II. In: Aerospace Power Journal . Summer, 2000 ( archive.today ).
  39. ↑ City Archives Schaffhausen: Photos of the bombed city of Schaffhausen.
  40. ↑ City Archives Schaffhausen: Photos of the bombed city of Schaffhausen.
  41. ^ Matthias Wipf: Threatened border region. The Swiss evacuation policy 1938–1945 using the example of Schaffhausen. 2nd Edition. Chronos, Zurich 2014, ISBN 978-3-0340-0729-0 .
  42. ^ City portrait: Reformation city Schaffhausen. Switzerland. A council with its own course. In: reformation-cities.org/cities, accessed on November 9, 2017.
  43. ^ City Archives Schaffhausen: Historical photographs of the city fortifications of Schaffhausen.
  44. ↑ The "Platz" becomes Walther-Bringolf-Platz In: Schaffhauser Nachrichten of May 3, 2019
  45. ↑ Kurt Bänteli, Rudolf Gamper, Peter Lehmann: Kloster Allerheiligen Schaffhausen. Building Department of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 1999, ISBN 3-9521868-0-5 .
  46. ^ Peter Scheck, City Archives Schaffhausen: From Imthurneum to the City Theater.
  47. ^ Museum Stemmler. In: allerheiligen.ch. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016 ; accessed on May 2, 2018 .
  48. ↑ www.museumimzeughaus.ch. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  49. ↑ www.schaffhausen-foto-archiv.ch: Rhybadi.
  50. ↑ Schaffhauser Nachrichten. December 5, 2009.
  51. ↑ The Rudolf Steiner School Schaffhausen closes in summer. Press release of the school association of February 17, 2015. (No longer available online.) In: steinerschule-sh.ch. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016 ; accessed on May 2, 2018 .
  52. ↑ SwitzerlandMobility. In: schweizmobil.ch, accessed on May 2, 2018.
  53. ↑ Blumberg - Rapperswil / Tobel - "Zürcher-Thurgauer-Klosterweg". In: jakobsweg.ch, accessed on January 28, 2019 (Jakobsweg through the canton of Schaffhausen).
  54. ↑ Grand City Council elections: SVP and SP each win one seat. City of Schaffhausen, November 27, 2016, accessed on December 1, 2016 .
  55. ↑ City Council. In: stadt-schaffhausen.ch, accessed on December 18, 2017.
  56. ^ Peter Neukomm on the website of the city of Schaffhausen.
  57. ↑ Simon Stocker on the website of the city of Schaffhausen.
  58. ^ Raphaël Rohner on the website of the city of Schaffhausen.
  59. ^ Daniel Preisig on the website of the city of Schaffhausen.
  60. ^ Katrin Bernath on the website of the city of Schaffhausen.
  61. ↑ Sister cities. In: stadt-schaffhausen.ch, accessed on April 3, 2020.
  62. ^ Association of Partnership Schaffhausen-Joinville. In: sh-joinville, accessed April 3, 2020.
  63. ↑ International Association of Cities on Lake Constance. In: staedtebund-bodensee.org, accessed on April 3, 2020.