Count of Sulz
The Counts of Sulz were a high nobility from southern Germany who held the Rottweil court and the Landgraviate of Klettgau until it went out in 1687 .
history
The Counts of Sulz am Neckar had owned the salt springs there since 910 . In 1095, the family appeared in a document as a co-founder of the Alpirsbach monastery . Even then they were exercising count rights. They also had other possessions and rights. So they were the chief bailiffs of the Schwarzach monastery . Around 1100 the lords of Fluorn became the Sulzer ministers , then named themselves after their Brandeck castle as lords of Brandeck and made numerous donations to the Alpirsbach monastery. Remains of a shield wall are still preserved from the former castle complex. The family lost their original power base, Albeck Castle near Sulz, to the von Geroldseck family through marriage around 1252 .
In the 12th century they were probably charged with protecting the eastern flank of the Zähringer sphere of influence . Hermann von Sulz renounced his share in the Landgraviate of Baar , which the Sulzer owned together with the Fürstenbergers , in 1282. King Rudolf transferred the county in the Baar to Heinrich von Fürstenberg on January 18, 1283 . It is assumed that Hermann von Sulz , who was also loyal to the Habsburg castle, was compensated with other offices. In 1299 he was court judge of King Albrecht in Alsace and Nuremberg, and as early as 1317 a Count von Sulz was mentioned as court judge in Rottweil .
Walter III. von Geroldseck (called von Tübingen; probably † 1333 during the siege of Schwanau Castle ) had five sons, three of whom, Georg, Gundolf and Wilhelm, received the rule of Sulz and Dornstetten; they were now named after their new possession of Geroldseck and Sulz . After three generations, the son of Konrad von Geroldseck and his wife Anna von Urslingen ( Reinold von Urslingen's sister ), Hans († 1451), the Sulzer line of Geroldseck died out. They continued to use the additional title Sulz , although the Sulz rule had to be sold to the House of Württemberg in 1473 . From 1519 to 1536, as a result of the expulsion of Duke Christoph von Württemberg by the Swabian Federation , the Geroldsecker resided again in the city of Sulz, but this ended with the Duke's return.
In 1340 Count Berthold von Sulz was married to Adelheid von Schwarzenberg .
A new rise began in 1360 when the Counts of Sulz received the hereditary judicial office at the imperial court in Rottweil. The counts contributed significantly to the good reputation of this court. The fact that the Counts von Sulz received from Duke Leopold of Austria in 1392 as pledge for money borrowed from several villages, which they kept until 1462, also speaks in favor of the resurgence .
Landgraves in Klettgau
The counts achieved a further rise through a clever marriage policy . Mediated by his father, Count Hermann von Sulz , Rudolf I married the heir, Ursula von Habsburg-Laufenburg, of the last Count Johann IV. And his wife Agnes von Landenberg . As a result, the Landgraviate of Klettgau on the Upper Rhine and the rule of Rotenberg in Alsace came from Habsburg-Laufenburg to the Sulz family in 1408 . Rudolf I († 1440) and Agnes had three sons: Johannes († 1444), Alwig and Rudolf II.
In 1477, Count Alwig , aged 60, married Verena von Brandis , 35 years his junior . The lords of Vaduz , Schellenberg and Blumenegg in Vorarlberg were added by the Barons von Brandis . They had two daughters and a son, Rudolf V. von Sulz , who in various sources also Rudolf III. is called. Alwig and Rudolf II. († 1487) together acquired the town and castle Tiengen from the bishopric of Konstanz in 1482 and in 1497 the Küssaburg and the rule Küssaberg as fiefs. They also bought the Upper Jestetten Castle . In Schaffhausen they bought the house "zur Tanne" in 1474 and in 1506 the house "zum red bear". Tiengen became a residence, but they also lived on the Küssaburg and in Jestetten Castle.
Parts of the area had to be sold again from 1613. In the course of the creation of the Swiss Confederation , the territory of the counts had shrunk considerably. Due to financial difficulties, Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz sold the southernmost part of the old Klettgau, the Rafzerfeld , to the city of Zurich in 1651 . In 1656 the northeastern part of the county had to be sold to the city of Schaffhausen.
The family was in the service of the Habsburgs for centuries. Karl Ludwig Graf zu Sulz (1572–1617) was the Imperial War Council President and Feldzeugmeister . The male line died out in 1687. By will of the last Count von Sulz, the movable property of the house fell to the older daughter, who was married to a Fürstenberger; the younger daughter Maria Anna von Sulz inherited the property still existing from the offices of Tiengen and Jestetten and brought this, as well as the office of hereditary court judge to Rottweil, to her husband Ferdinand Fürst von Schwarzenberg and their joint descendants. The Sulz era in Klettgau came to an end. The memory of the Counts of Sulz persists in the coat of arms, among other things. In several places it is part of the local coat of arms, for example some districts of the city of Sulz am Neckar as well as Vöhringen and Dietingen . In Klettgau it is still part of the coats of arms of the municipalities of Lauchringen , Klettgau , Küssaberg and von Stetten near Hohentengen .
Ferdinand von Schwarzenberg († 1703) married Countess Maria Anna von Sulz († 1698) in 1674. The government kept the only daughter of Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz itself in the first years, but was soon transferred to the modern Schwarzenberg administrations of Krumau taken from.
"Big building" of Tiengen Castle
Vaduz Castle with the roundabout from the Sulzian era
coat of arms
The family coat of arms of the von Sulz family:
 |
Blazon : "In the lace cut divided by silver and red." |
Later the family carried an increased coat of arms:
 |
Blazon : " Square , 1 and 4 the family coat of arms, 2 and 3 in silver diagonally left a red, flamed , black tree trunk ." |
| Justification of the coat of arms: Increased by the coat of arms of those of Brandis . |
Member of the sex
Early time
| Surname | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Alwig I. | 1071-1095 | |
| Alwig II | 1095-1139 | |
| Alwig III. | 1139-1152 | |
| Alwig IV. | around 1196 | |
| Hermann II. | around 1215 | |
| Alwig V. | around 1230 | |
| Berthold I. | around 1230 | |
| Berthold II. | around 1240 | |
| Alwig VI. | around 1240 | |
| Hermann III. | around 1268 | |
| Hermann IV. | † 1312 | 1284 Sale of the Sulz area |
| Berthold III. | † 1348 | |
| Hermann V. | around 1350 | |
| Rudolf I. | born before 1349; † 1406 | married to Anna von Waldburg († 1385 or 1406), they are the parents of Hermann VI. |
| Alwig VIII. | around 1350 | |
| Hermann VI. | 1392-1429 | Governor in Upper Austria , father of Rudolf III. |
| Rudolf II. | 1392-1429 | † before 1414 |
Landgrave of the Klettgau
| Surname | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rudolf III. the Sulzer line, Rudolf I. the Klettgau line | 1405-1431 | Landgrave in Klettgau from 1408; he had three sons who initially took over the county together |
| Johann II. | 1431-1483 | married to Bertha von Höwen |
| Rudolf IV of the Sulzer line, Rudolf II of the Klettgau line | 1431-1487 | married to Margaretha von Limpurg |
| Alwig X. von Sulz at Balm Castle | 1431-1493 | from 1477 married to Verena von Brandis , received Blumenegg , Vaduz and Schellenberg , acquired the rule of Tiengen from the diocese of Constance and later the Küssaburg and with it the entire Landgraviate of Klettgau |
| Rudolf V. of the Sulzer line, Rudolf III. the Klettgau line (* 1478 in Tiengen, † 1535 in Vaduz) | 1493-1535 | from 1507 in Vaduz and Blumenegg, 1520 royal governor of Württemberg , 1523/35 governor in front Austria |
| Johann Ludwig I. von Sulz | 1536-1547 | Built in the Tiengen Castle new, ∞ Elsbeth of Two Bridges; they had three sons, including Wilhelm († 1565) and Rudolf VI. the Sulzer line and IV. the Klettgau line; he was never in power since † 1552 |
| Wilhelm († 1565) | 1547-1565 | |
| Alwig XI. (IX. Of the Sulzer line, Alwig II. Of the Klettgau line) | 1566-1572 | 1567–1572 governor in Upper Austria |
| Rudolf IV. , Actually Rudolf V of the Klettgau line and VII. Of the Sulzer line (the previous Rudolf IV or VI, however, was not ruling) | 1572-1603 | ∞ Barbara von Staufen , resigned in 1603 |
| Karl Ludwig zu Sulz ; († 1617) | 1603-1617 | |
| Karl Ludwig Ernst von Sulz | 1617-1648 | |
| Johann Ludwig II of Sulz | 1648-1687 |
Klettgau line
| Surname | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Alwig XII. († 1572) | 1567 bailiff in Upper Alsace | |
| Rudolf VII. (Also Alwig II.) (* 1559; † 1620) | 1583-1603 | 1605/13 underland bailiff in Alsace ; his first wife was Barbara von Staufen, they had a daughter, Maximiliana I (1584–1623); his second wife was Agatha von Limpurg |
| Karl Ludwig I (* 1572; † 1617 in Spanish service in Vercelli ) | 1603-1616 | his wife was Anna Amalia von Hohenems (1593–1658), both were buried in the Sulzer crypt in Tiengen |
| Alwig (* 1586; † 1632) | 1616-1628 | |
| Karl Ludwig II. Ernst (* around 1595 † 1648 in Amberg ) | 1628-1648 | 1621/1628 Unterlandvogt in Alsace , 1622–162? Provincial bailiff in front Austria, 1634 imperial governor in Württemberg; married to I. Maximiliana (1584–1623), II. Maria Elisabeth von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1592–1659); all buried in the Sulzer crypt in the Church of St. Maria Himmelfahrt in Tiengen. He had the Sulzer crypt built in the church in Tiengen in 1631 and was buried there. |
| Johann Ludwig II. (* 1626; † 1687) | 1648-1687 | married to I. Maria von Königsegg-Aulendorf (1634–1658), II. Eugenia Maria Franziska von Manderscheid (1629–1690), they had seven children:
they were all buried in the Sulzer crypt in the church in Tiengen, the heart of Johann Ludwig II was buried in a silver capsule with the Capuchins in Waldshut , in 1825 it was buried in the cemetery in Waldshut, the empty capsule was placed in a museum |
| Maria Anna | 1687-1698 | married to Ferdinand von Schwarzenberg ; Transfer to Schwarzenberg |
Vaduz line
| Surname | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rudolf VIII | 1572-1611 | |
| Johann III. | 1611 | † 1617 |
| Vaduz 1613 to Hohenems | ||
| Blumenegg 1616 to Abbot von Weingarten |
literature
- Ilse Fingerlin : The Counts of Sulz and their burial in Tiengen on the Upper Rhine . In: Research and reports of archeology in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 15, Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.), 1992. ISBN 3-8062-1063-2 .
- Ilse Fingerlin: The crypt of the Counts of Sulz zu Tiengen on the Upper Rhine. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 11th year 1982, issue 1, pp. 8-14 ( digitized from denkmalpflege-bw.de ( memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), PDF; 8.7 MB).
- Volker Schäfer: The Counts of Sulz , (Diss. Tübingen), 1969.
- Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 4th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35865-9 , p. 614.
- Volker Schäfer: Counts of Sulz. In: Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexicon of German history . People, events, institutions. From the turn of the times to the end of the 2nd World War. 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-520-80002-0 , p. 1213.
- Carl von Duncker: Sulz, Karl Ludwig Graf zu . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, p. 144.
- Josef Bader : The Counts of Sulz, a painting from home . In: Badenia , 2nd year, 1840, pp. 153–172 ( digitized in the Internet Archive ).
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Leipzig 1870, ninth volume, pp. 112/113 ( digitized in the Internet Archive ).
- Otto Titan von Hefner : Studbook of the flourishing and dead nobility in Germany , published by some German nobles. Georg Joseph Manz, fourth volume, Regensburg 1866, pp. 52/53.
- Sultz or Sulz. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 41, Leipzig 1744, column 124 f.
- Karl Siegfried Bader : The Landgraviate of Baar before and during its transition to the House of Fürstenberg . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen , XXV. Issue 1960, Donaueschingen; P. 9–38 ( digitized at baarverein.de , PDF; 42.2 MB).
- Christoph Friedrich Stälin : Wirtembergische Geschichte , second part, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1847, pp. 421-425 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
Web links
- The Counts of Klettgau, the Counts of Sulz - and their origins ( Memento from June 2, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.1 MB)
- Peter Niederhäuser: Sulz, from (counts). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Peter Niederhäuser: The Counts of Sulz between Confederates and Habsburgs . Lecture to the working group for historical regional studies on the Upper Rhine e. V. on January 17, 2003.
- Johann Ludwig von Sulz in the picture archive Austria
- Heinz Noflatscher: Sulz, from. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein .
References and comments
- ↑ KS Bader p. 33; Bader also suspects that the foundation stone for the later court judge's office in Rottweil was laid here.
- ↑ See Niederhäuser.
- ↑ Sulz family coat of arms (von, Counts family) ( Memento from November 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), based on: Jean Egli: The extinct nobility of the city and landscape of Zurich. 1865. There was also a ministerial family Sulz ( memento from November 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), which had a golden bathtub in the coat of arms in blue .
- ↑ Sulz family coat of arms (von, Counts family) ( Memento from November 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), based on: Jean Egli: The extinct nobility of the city and landscape of Zurich. 1865.
- ↑ a b cf. List of bailiffs in Alsace , there the source is given
- ^ A b Ben Cahoon: Austrian Lands before 1918: Vorderösterreich (Vorderlande) . worldstatesmen.org, 2000.
- ↑ Bader p. 170.
- ↑ Ulrike Mylius: The crypt of the Counts of Sulz in Tiengen on the Upper Rhine . In: Heimat on the Upper Rhine. Yearbook of the district of Waldshut , 1987, vol. XII., District of Waldshut (ed.), ISBN 3-87799-083-5 , p. 141 ff.
- ^ Sulz, Carl Ludwig II. Ernst Graf von, Landgrave in Klettgau . In: Bernd Warlich: The Thirty Years 'War in personal testimonies, chronicles and reports , material collection on the Thirty Years' War.