Ensisheim

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Ensisheim
Ensisheim coat of arms
Ensisheim (France)
Ensisheim
region Grand Est
Department Haut-Rhin
Arrondissement Thann-Guebwiller
Canton Ensisheim (main town)
Community association Center du Haut-Rhin
Coordinates 47 ° 52 '  N , 7 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 52 '  N , 7 ° 21'  E
height 213-231 m
surface 36.59 km 2
Residents 7,508 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 205 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 68190
INSEE code 68082
Website http://www.ville-ensisheim.fr/

Former Regent's Palace, Renaissance building

Ensisheim ( Alsatian Anze ) is a French commune with 7508 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Haut-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ). It is the capital of the canton of the same name and the seat of the Center du Haut-Rhin community association .

geography

The small town of Ensisheim is located on the Ill , about 15 kilometers north of Mulhouse and 20 kilometers west of the Rhine . This is where the Canal Vauban begins today , which was built at the end of the 17th century to divert the water of the Quatelbach into the Canal de Rouffach . This was used to transport the building materials for the Neuf-Brisach fortress from the Vosges .

history

Ensisheim on an engraving by Mathäus Merian (1663)

Celtic cultural settlements have been archaeologically proven in prehistoric times south of Ensisheim. This settlement lasted until the Carolingian era. Ensisheim was first mentioned in a document in 768 under the name Engisehaim .

Ensisheim had been under the hegemony of the Habsburgs since 1277 at the latest . In the second half of the 13th century, King Rudolf I , previously Count Rudolf IV of Habsburg, had the “royal castle” built, which served the respective sovereigns as the seat of power and through the construction of which the settlement was now shifted towards the castle. From 1286 to 1293 he had Meir ben Baruch, known as von Rothenburg , a famous rabbi and Talmudic scholar , imprisoned in the castle in order to extort money from Germany's Jewish communities. But he refused the ransom and died on April 27, 1293 in Ensisheim in captivity. He is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Worms, the Holy Sand .

One of Rudolf I's successors was Duke Leopold IV of Austria, who had stayed in Ensisheim frequently since 1393 and celebrated Christmas there in 1400 and 1401. His wife Katharina von Burgund also made a certificate in Ensisheim and used this place after 1411 as one of her widow's seats. In 1431 Ensisheim became the seat of the administration of the Habsburg foreland in Alsace , in Breisgau , in Aargau and on Lake Constance .

The Ensisheim Thunderstone , a leaflet by Brant from 1492

On November 7, 1492, the Ensisheim meteorite struck a field in front of the city gates. It is considered to be the oldest secured and extensively documented meteorite fall in Europe, of which material has been preserved to this day. The first description of this natural spectacle by Sebastian Brant at the end of 1492 became very popular. His “Donnerstein von Ensisheim” is one of the first leaflets in today's sense, which was printed in large numbers and even in several editions shortly after the event.

Ensisheim became more and more wealthy through administrative activities. Between 1584 and 1634, thalers were also minted in Ensisheim; the city was the most important coin in Alsace after Strasbourg . During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) the city was devastated seven times, the administration was evacuated and later rebuilt in Freiburg im Breisgau . The city never fully recovered from the devastation. In the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Habsburg Alsace had to be ceded to France .

Under French administration, Ensisheim received a royal and sovereign council, the provincial council, and became the capital of the French province of Alsace (Strasbourg only became French in 1681 and the kingdom's influence was initially limited to the Habsburg lands). After the return of the imperial troops in 1674, the administration was moved to Breisach . However, Ensisheim remained the capital of an administrative district until the French Revolution. In 1682 the castle built by Rudolf I of Habsburg was demolished. Towards the end of the French Empire between 1814 and 1820, Ensisheim was occupied by Austrian troops.

With the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, Alsace, and thus Ensisheim as well, were incorporated into the new German Empire and thus had direct links to the rest of the German-speaking area. From 1885 to 1957 Ensisheim was the terminus of a suburban line of the Mulhouse tram . After the end of the First World War , Alsace and thus Ensisheim were again added to France as part of the Versailles Treaty in 1919 ; at the same time, French became the only official and school language. Potash mining began at the beginning of the 20th century , which was associated with a significant economic boom. In World War II Ensisheim suffered considerable damage again.

At the beginning of 2006 Ensisheim briefly hit the headlines of the international press when the local mayor set fire to the empty caravans of a group of 80 Roma with the help of police officers . For this he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, which was suspended. He did not have to give up his office.

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2017
Residents 4498 5191 5685 5780 6164 6640 6967 7508

  • Neo-Gothic parish church of St. Martin

  • St. Martin's cemetery chapel

  • St. Theresa Church

  • Stair tower house at 12 rue de l'église

  • Al-Baraka Mosque built in 2017

Economy and Infrastructure

Up until 2006, Ensisheim was home to the CD-R production of MAM-E (formerly Mitsui Group ), which also produced storage media for Sony , HP and TDK , among others .

Ensisheim is the seat of a correctional facility with 205 prison places.

Town twinning

Personalities

In Ensisheim were born:

The following died in Ensisheim:

In Ensisheim:

  • Fidelis von Sigmaringen (1578–1622), saint of the Catholic Church, worked 1611/12 as a doctor of law and assessor at the Supreme Court in Ensisheim.

Meteorite Exchange

The Ensisheim Meteorite Show takes place annually in Ensisheim, usually in June. Around 20–50 international exhibitors will be offering individual items and prepared material during the two-day event. In particular, new finds from the Maghreb states are one of the main focuses. It is currently the only event of its kind in Europe where only meteorites, tektites and impact rocks are exhibited and offered. Since the first Ensisheim Meteorite Show in 2000, the venue has been Ensisheim Town Hall. The meteorite exchange is organized by the Confrerie St-Georges des Gardiens de la Meteorite d'Ensisheim and the municipality of Ensisheim. On the evening before the event, the Confrerie appoints its new members in a ceremony on the market square.

See also

literature

  • Le Patrimoine des Communes du Haut-Rhin. Flohic Editions, Volume 1, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-84234-036-1 , pp. 344-355.

Web links

Commons : Ensisheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Ensissheim in the Topographia Alsatiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Otto Böcher : The old Jewish cemetery in Worms = Rheinische Kunststätten 148th 7th edition. Neusser Verlag und Druckerei, Neuss 1992. ISBN 3-88094-711-2 , p. 6f.
  2. ^ Eva Bruckner: Forms of representation of power and self-portrayal of Habsburg princes in the late Middle Ages , phil. Dissertation, Vienna, 2009, p. 165
  3. ↑ Mayor had Roma caravans burned down . In: Die Welt , May 16, 2006.
  4. ↑ Close-up: pogrom in the province. Of honest men and arsonists. Radio-Feature , Germany, 27:30 min., 2007, book: Martin Durm, production: BR , first broadcast: January 10, 2007
    - the documentary received the European CIVIS Radio Prize 2007.