Schwarzenberg (noble families, Black Forest)

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Coat of arms of the barons of Schwarzenberg

Barons von Schwarzenberg called themselves two different families between 1120 and 1465, who one after the other owned the Schwarzenburg near Waldkirch and who ruled over the monastery of St. Margarethen in Waldkirch. The Schwarzenberg cities founded Waldkirch and Elzach , built out of the Schwarzenburg the Kastelburg , operated lead - and silver - mining for lead Bach or in Suggental ( silver mine Suggental with the Urgraben ) and ruled over large parts of the Elz- and the Glottertal .

history

King Otto III. 994 gave the St. Margarethen convent in Waldkirch the right to freely choose a guardian bailiff and, if necessary, to depose one. This right was confirmed by Heinrich V in 1123 . Pope Alexander III confirmed ownership of the monastery in a bull of 1178.

The older house of Schwarzenberg (1100–1216)

Around 1100, in connection with the notarization of donations to the monasteries of St. Peter and St. Georgen, the Waldkirch umbrella bailiffs appear as advocati de Waldhilcha , later - after the construction of the Schwarzenburg on the Schwarzenberg, an offshoot of the Kandel - advocati de Swarzinbere . Around 1120, when goods are exchanged, Konrad is spoken of as an umbrella bailiff. The Waldkirch and Schwarzenbergers moved in the vicinity of the Zähringer , Üsenberger and Röttler , from which a certain importance of gender can be read. On the one hand, the Schwarzenbergs were bailiffs of the St. Margarethen monastery in Waldkirch, but they also had extensive property in the Waldkirch area, whereby the disputes between bailiffs and monastery in the 15th century suggest that the Schwarzenbergs already had their rights at the expense of the monastery had gradually expanded.

Konrad, who appeared around 1100, was followed by another three people with this lead name . A Konrad von Schwarzenberg was a participant in the 3rd and 4th crusades . In the latter, he belonged to a group of nobles from Alsace and Breisgau who followed Abbot Martin of the Alsatian Monastery of Pairis . He came to Constantinople via Acre in 1204 , when it was besieged by the main Crusader army and then plundered. Konrad (the crusader) was the last male descendant of his sex and owned goods in Runstal including Runstal Castle , Mundingen and Vörstetten . According to the documents, he must have died in Akkon in 1212 or 1213, where he had bought a stately house in 1207/1208. Adelheid von Schwarzenberg, a daughter or sister of Konrad, was married to Walter I. von Eschenbach .

The younger house of Schwarzenberg (1243–1465)

The sons of Walter I. von Eschenbach, Walter II. And Berchtold, shared the inheritance and formed the lines Eschenbach zu Oberhofen and Eschenbach- Schnabelburg . The newly acquired Schwarzenberg territories were initially administered jointly. Around 1270, Walter von Eschenbach and Johann von Eschenbach-Schnabelburg divided the family's possessions in such a way that the goods in Breisgau went to Eschenbach-Schnabelburg , while the possessions in Switzerland largely came to Eschenbach. A Walter von Eschenbach called himself Vogt zu Schwarzenberg from 1223 to 1245. Later the family called themselves Schnabelburg-Schwarzenberg .

Before 1283, the Lords of Schwarzenberg founded the town of Waldkirch, which they then endowed with Freiburg city law around 1300. In 1284 the Schwarzenbergs bought the Heidburg . Around 1290 Elzach received city rights through Wilhelm or his son Heinrich von Schwarzenberg.

In 1316 Heinrich von Schwarzenberg assured the city of Freiburg that he would not create a passable path through the Simonswald.

Under the sons of Ulrich I von Schnabelburg (Berchtold III. And Johann I) there was a further division of the property around 1290. Already in 1330 the acquired Habsburgs the suzerainty over the Barony of Schwarzenberg.

Schwarzenberg-Schwarzenberg (approx. 1290–1347)

Berchtold III. is the founder of the Schwarzenberg-Schwarzenberg line, which died out with his great-grandson Ulrich II in 1347.

In addition to the Schwarzenburg, the towns of Siensbach, Siegelau, Oberglottertal , Unterglottertal, Heuweiler , Katzenmoos and Unteryach as well as the canton of St. Margarethen went to the Schwarzenberg rule in 1290 . In a further division of previously common property in 1316, the Schwarzenberg lordship received half of Suggental and the city of Elzach.

Castle and lordship fell to the Schwarzenberg-Kastelburg line, since Ulrich's heir, Anna, with Johann III. von Schwarzenberg-Kastelburg was married.

Schwarzenberg-Kastelburg (approx. 1290–1465)

Johann I von Schwarzenberg is the founder of the Schwarzenberg-Kastelburg line, which died out with his great-great-grandson Hans Werner in 1465. Johann I appears in the documents for many years together with his nephew Wilhelm from the Schwarzenberg-Schwarzenberg line.

In addition to the Kastelburg, the towns of Ober Winds , Simonswald , Bleibach, Gutach , Riedern, Kohlenbach and Kollnau went to the Kastelberg rulership in 1290 . When the previously common property was further divided in 1316, the Kastelberg lordship received the other half of Suggental and the town of Waldkirch.

The financial situation of the Kastelburger was bad, and in 1347 and 1352 Johann III sold. Right. On December 31, 1354, Johann (also called Henselin von Kastelburg) pledged the core of his possessions (Kastelburg, Waldkirch, Ober winds, half Simonstal, half Suggental and others) to Martin Malterer , Hesse Schnewlin and Dieter von Falkenstein . (In the literature there is also talk of the sale of the Kastelberg estate to Martin Malterer in 1354.)

John III von Schwarzenberg-Kastelburg was married to Anna, the heir to Ulrich II von Schwarzenberg-Schwarzenberg, and so inherited the Schwarzenberg-Schwarzenberg line. In 1347 he once again confirmed the rights granted by his ancestors to the city of Elzach. On May 14, 1377 he was with the knights of Count Ulrich von Württemberg , who attacked mercenaries plundering the imperial city of Reutlingen near Achalm Castle and were repulsed with losses, and was killed in this battle.

In 1406 the abbess Anastasia, Countess Palatinate of Tübingen , tried to prove that the entire Elz Valley had belonged to the monastery from ancient times and that the Schwarzenbergs had to prove that their possession was legal. The last abbess, Agatha von Üsenberg, tried in turn to replace Hans Werner von Schwarzenberg as Vogt and to force the return of what was now Schwarzenberg's property to the monastery. In 1428, however, a settlement was reached that only stipulated the legal process that the monastery would have to take.

Johann (Hans) Werner von Schwarzenberg had a son, Simon, who, however, was considered missing during his father's lifetime (since 1459), so that when Johann Werner died in 1465, the remaining possessions came to his son-in-law Heinrich von Rechberg .

The further fortunes of the Schwarzenberg inheritance

The Schwarzenberg rule passed to the von Rechberg family in 1465, later to the von Ehingen (1546) and von Reischach (1560) families , with the new masters mostly taking up residence in the Elzach City Palace . The rule of Kastelberg was bought back by Austria in 1565. In 1567, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria bought the indebted Schwarzenberg rulership for 28,000 guilders and combined it with the Kastelberg rulership to form the front-Austrian cameraman of Kastelberg-Schwarzenberg, which became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1805 .

coat of arms

A black six-mountain in silver ( with a ten- mountain in the Zurich coat of arms ). The Schwarzenberg coat of arms is still part of the coat of arms of the Emmendingen district .

With Schwarzenberg's six mountain

  • Coat of arms of the district of Emmendingen

  • Coat of arms of the city of Waldkirch

  • Coat of arms of Glottertal

  • Coat of arms of the Gutach district of Siegelau

  • Coat of arms of the Suggental district of Waldkirch

  • Coat of arms of the Glottertäler district Unterglottertal

  • Coat of arms of the Glottertal district of Oberglottertal

With modifications of the Schwarzenbergian Sechsberg

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Heinrich Schreiber: The Knight of Schwarzenberg, in: August Schnezler (editor): Badisches Sagen-Buch I, pp. 335–342  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Joachim Fischer: The documents of the Waldkirch city archive from 1300 to 1600 . In: Schau-ins-Land 1969, pp. 79–81 ( digitized version from Freiburg University Library ).
  2. ↑ Werkmann p. 128.
  3. ↑ There is no connection to the Counts of Waldkirch .
  4. ↑ a b c The crusader Conrad von Schwarzenberg (Andreas Haasis-Berner) , wiki.ghv-villingen.de (Geschichts- und Heimatverein Villingen eV), May 29, 2015, accessed on June 23, 2019.
  5. ↑ s. Zeller-Werdmüller II, pp. 81/82.
  6. ^ Entry on Heidburg near Hofstetten in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  7. ↑ s. Werkmann p. 133.
  8. ^ Franz Quarthal: Front Austria . In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 1: General History. Part 2: From the late Middle Ages to the end of the old empire. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-608-91948-1 , p. 611.
  9. ↑ s. Zeller-Werdmüller II., P. 90; Ulrich was mentioned in a document in 1346 and must have died in 1347 or 1348.
  10. ↑ s. Zeller-Werdmüller II., P. 97 - Werdmüller gives the date May 21, but this is disputed in the literature; the poet Ludwig Uhland addressed this battle near Reutlingen in a poem, although he erroneously referred to Johann von Schwarzenberg as a count ( digitized at wikisource.org ); s. also Carl Christian Gratianus: History of the Achalm and the city of Reutlingen , Tübingen 1831, p. 268 ( digitized from Google Books ); Historical studies by W. Arndt on archive.org .
  11. ↑ s. Werkmann p. 141.
  12. ↑ s. Zeller-Werdmüller II, p. 103
  13. ^ Franz Kreutter: History of the Imperial and Royal Western Austrian States , St. Blasien 1790, p. 252.
  14. ↑ a b c Glottertal , leo-bw.de, accessed on June 23, 2019.
  15. ↑ Das Stadtwappen , elzach.de, accessed on June 23, 2019.
  16. ↑ Katzenmoos district , elzach.de, accessed on June 23, 2019.
  17. ↑ The Simonswald coat of arms , simonswald.de, accessed on June 23, 2019.