Lords of Falkenstein (Höllental)
The lords of Falkenstein in the Höllental , so named in Julius Kindler von Knobloch's Upper Baden gender book from 1898 to 1919, had their headquarters at Falkenstein Castle on a steep mountain spur at the transition from the narrow Höllental to the wide Dreisamtal . Numerous aristocratic families bore the name Falkenstein ; Kindler von Knobloch counts six in the Upper Baden area alone : “in Höllenthale”, “on the Schwarzwalde ”, “zu Rimsingen ”, “on Lake Constance ”, “in Buchsgau ”, “in Wasgau ”.
history
The Falkensteiners, named after their castle above the Höllental, were closely related to - probably came from - the Lords of Weiler , who had their center in a predecessor building of today 's Weiler Castle in Stegen at the confluence of the Wittental and Eschbachtals into the Dreisamtal. Apart from the non-datable notes in the Rotulus Sanpetrinus , a list of goods from the monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest that was created in the 12th and 13th centuries , then a Reinhard von Weiler named himself for the first time in 1152 after his new castle Reinhard "von Falkenstein". Like the Lords of Weiler, the Falkensteiners were ministerials to the Dukes of Zähringen . The aforementioned Reinhard is accordingly called " de domo ducis ", "from the duke's entourage". The Lords of Weiler had already advised the Zähringers on the selection of the site for their home monastery St. Peter in the Black Forest, consecrated in 1093. They and the Falkensteiners then supported the Zähringers against the Counts of Haigerloch , who owned the castle east of Stegen Wiesneck and the Vogtei belonged to the St. Märgen Monastery, founded before 1121 .
“We can assume that the Zähringers assigned the Falkensteiners the task of clearing in the area of the Zartenbach (today Rotbach , Höllenbach ) when they opened up the Black Forest . In 1148 they reached the 'lower path', the valley near Höllsteig , and built the Oswald chapel there . ”At its height, the Falkenstein area, apart from the free float, comprised the Dreisamtal from the mouth of the Krummbach upwards and the catchment area of the Rotbach up to the Titisee , from there northwards to the Thurner and southwards to the Feldberg , including the village of Zastler . In addition to Falkenstein Castle, they had another, younger castle about 500 meters to the northwest, the remainder of which is called " Ruine Bubenstein " (also "Neu-Falkenstein"), Falkenbühl Castle near Stegen, Birkenreute Castle (Bickenreute) near Kirchzarten and the Dinghof in Kirchzarten , where they officiated as bailiffs and feudal bearers of the St. Gallen monastery and from 1297 of the Johanniterkommende Freiburg .
In addition to the aforementioned Reinhard, the following members of the family are important:
- Jakob von Falkenstein († 1298), to whom the commander of the Order of St. John in Freiburg im Breisgau , when they bought the patronage of the Kirchzarten parish church of St. Gallus from the St. Gallen Monastery in 1297 , confirmed the bailiwick and the fief. After his death, the fief went to the related line of Gregor von Falkenstein.
- Gregor von Falkenstein († 1331) was married to Liutgart von Stauffenberg. The oldest parchment code of the Schwabenspiegel was written for him in 1287 . For his brother Kuno, who was buried in Tennenbach Monastery in 1306 , he founded an annual funeral mass .
- Kuno von Falkenstein († 1343), Gregor's son, bought in 1320 what his father had as a fief, namely the high jurisdiction over Kirchzarten including land, wild bans and serfs, “with all the trades and customs when we siu har hant braht “- with everything we have until now. Kuno was buried in the parish church of St. Gallus, where his tomb has been preserved. Tradition made him a crusader . “He is known to the researcher as the master of Kirchzarten through various documents, and relationships between his closest relatives and our place are often revealed. But every child is familiar knight Kuno of Falkenstein, because the transfiguring Sage has ranked yet about his person "A son was Prior in. Wilhelmiten - Monastery Oberried , a daughter entered the Cistercian - Kloster Günterstal one.
- Around 1350 Hans von Falkenstein acquired the lower part of the Bruderhalde in the Bärental from Hans von Hohenfürst ( Hochfirst ) .
- Kuno the Younger, the youngest brother of the previous one, married a Schnewlin von Landeck , whose family later inherited the Falkensteiners.
- Werner, Konrad-Dietrich and Klein Künlin, three sons of this marriage, were charged with robbery at the Rottweil court in 1390 . Their castle was destroyed in 1389. It is unclear whether they were really guilty of being robber barons. It was the time of the city leagues , which competed in a hard feud against the princes. In any case, the Freiburg people report “our sundern guoten fründen, the masters, schultheissen and advice dirre nachgeschwritten Stetten, Strasbourg, Basel, Colmar, Sletzat, Rinfelden, Baden, Waldshut and Brugg, ... as ir knowingly about the war that the gentlemen and the stette of the federation rose against each other, knowing that Wernher von Valkenstein, her Cuonen von Valkenstein, blessed one knight sun, the same war against the stätt Annam from the noble gentleman because of the von Wirtenberg, who served him as he spoke. And that is why the same Wernher occupied Valkenstein with the vesty, in which he even has a small part, that no one wants to walk the road or the valley for the same Valkenstein vesty, he or the sinen know who he is, and if so he valued the concept that belongs to the stetten of the federation, as is common in all wars. ... And also we uf the same sant Nyclaus adventure for the same vesty, and n (h) otten won the same day with the help of the almighty god, and brantent, wustent and firm sweet, morndes uf sant Nyclaus day in such mass, That we getruwent, that it got praiseworthy and pious to all who walk this street, comforting and useful. ”Konrad-Dietrich and Klein Künlin were imprisoned, but were released again in 1390 against a primal feud . All three Falkensteiners emerged from the feud without lasting damage.
Werner, Konrad-Dietrich and Klein Künlin were the last masters of the castle, the ruins remained. The Falkensteiner property gradually passed into other hands, especially to urban patricians like the Schnewlin von Landeck. The Falkensteiners continued to live in houses in Freiburg and often held leading positions there. "In this capacity they then decided in the more recent centuries about the Kirchzarten Valley, which is now subordinate to the town as the valley bailiwick, and its farmers, over whom their knightly ancestors had once ruled from the castles there."
coat of arms
Two red crossbows in gold, on the lower part of which there is a soaring blue falcon.
literature
- Günther Haselier (Ed.): Kirchzarten. Geography - past - present. Self-published by the Kirchzarten community, 1966.
- Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Three volumes. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1898–1919. Here volume 1, pp. 323–328. ( Digitized version )
- Bernhard Mangei: Formation of rule by royalty, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest. Dissertation Freiburg 2003. ( full text )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kindler von Knobloch 1898, p. 323.
- ↑ Mangei 2003, p. 170.
- ↑ Mangei 2003, p. 148.
- ↑ Haselier 1966, p. 192.
- ↑ Bickenreute - living space. leo-bw.de , accessed on May 29, 2018 .
- ↑ entry to Bickenreute in the scientific database " EBIDAT " European Castle Institute
- ↑ From the Dinghof to the town hall. badische-zeitung.de , November 21, 2015, archived from the original on November 22, 2015 ; accessed on May 29, 2018 .
- ↑ Mangei 2003, p. 197 ff.
- ↑ Kindler von Knobloch 1898, p. 325, and Haselier 1966, p. 197.
- ↑ Haselier 1966, p. 174.
- ↑ Martin Roland: Suggestions for a previously little known handwriting. In: IASLonline, July 14, 2004, accessed November 17, 2012
- ↑ Haselier, pp. 197-198.
- ↑ Karl Müller (Ed.): The Feldberg . 1948. p. 503
- ^ Heinrich Schreiber (ed.): Document book of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau. II. Volume. I. Division. Herder. Freiburg 1828, pp. 59-82. ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Haselier 1966, p. 202.
- ^ J. Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book. Heidelberg 1898-1919. Here volume 1, p. 328