Oberried Abbey

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Cistercian Abbey Oberried
2005-01-30-Oberried-Kloster-im-Schnee-2.jpg
location Germany
Baden-Wuerttemberg
Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '3 "  N , 7 ° 57' 15"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '3 "  N , 7 ° 57' 15"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		?
Patronage St. Mariakron
founding year 1237 by Cistercians , then Wilhelmites
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1249
Year of repopulation 1255
Year of re-dissolution 1806
Mother monastery Günterstal Monastery ,
later subordinated to St. Blasien Monastery

Daughter monasteries

no

The Oberried monastery was founded in 1237 as a subsidiary of the Cistercian convent Günterstal in Oberried (Breisgau) and passed to the Wilhelmites in 1252 .

history

The early history, which was written down by, among others, the abbot of Sanctuary Martin Gerbert , is mainly based on the manuscripts of the Upper Ried monastery brother Conrad Sturn written at the beginning of the 14th century.

founding

The canons of the Günterstal monastery asked to be allowed to build a branch monastery on the Oberried patch. The land required for this, which at that time belonged to the majority of the monastery of St. Gallen , had been transferred as a fief to Messrs Schnewlin , who, subject to certain conditions, had given it to the Lords of Tengen . The Strasbourg cathedral provost Rudolf von Tengen resigned from his rights around the year 1236 and gave them back to his feudal lord, the Schnewlins. These now put the Cistercian nuns in its place , with which they could start setting up a monastery cell in 1237.

Closure in 1249 and re-establishment in 1255

After only twelve years in the rough wasteland in Wilhelmertal , the monastery was given up again by the canons in 1249. When Johannes von Urberg found out about this, he asked to be allowed to resume operations for the Wilhelmites . This request was granted under the same conditions as those previously imposed on the Lords of Tengen. In the meantime, Messrs. Schnewlin and the Knights of Munzingen acquired the former monastery areas and the areas between the Bruggach and Huselbach from the St. Gallen monastery. They transferred these areas to the Wilhelmites in 1252, whose letter of foundation is dated May 21, 1252. In 1255, under the leadership of Johannes von Urberg and three other monastery brothers, the monastery was painstakingly restored and reopened under the name "Mariakron". But the harsh environment also bothered the monastery brothers so much that they too left the place in 1262 and retired to the suburb of Freiburg im Breisgau, to the new monastery of St. Wilhelm (Freiburg) . But in 1266 the enthusiast Johannes von Urberg, accompanied by a lay brother named Burckard, moved back to Oberried, and he resumed his life's work. In this way, two monasteries in Oberried came into being, one “in the city” and the other “in the forest”. Gerbert describes that the “forest monastery” was rebuilt at a different location, a “ somewhat freer place ”, from which it can be concluded that the original monastery cell was deeper in the forest. Under the leadership of Johannes von Urberg, the monastery property could be expanded to a considerable fortune thanks to numerous donations from the neighboring nobility.

Johannes von Urberg was the prior of the Oberried monastery from 1255 to around 1295 . Johannes von Urberg is still mentioned in 1308 as " brother Johannes von Urberg, prior ze Oberriet ". In the same document, however, his brother Volkart also appears as prior, " bruder Volkart, prior ze Oberriet ". Johann had therefore probably abdicated. The family of the Lords of Urberg remained loyal to the Oberried monastery even afterwards. Johannes (also known as Lülech), who came from the Freiburg aristocratic family , was married to Guota von Urberg, probably a niece of Johannes von Urberg. Probably his sister, the mother of Guota, had already bequeathed a farm in Tiengen to the monastery in 1281 , which Johann von Urberg was able to exchange in 1283 for a much larger and better-located farm in Oberried with Heinrich von Munzingen. This is probably the Tiengen on the Upper Rhine. This assumption is based on a document from the year 1393 of Diethelm von Krenkingen , who bequeathed his tithe " uf the Urberg which belongs to Tüngen in the kilchsatz " to "Hanns dem Bebler, schultheißen zu Waldshut".

Another story

Two daughters from the marriage of Johannes Give and Guota von Urberg, Margaretha and Elisabeth, who were nicknamed Lüllech, are documented as canons of the Günterstal monastery. There is also a Jacob giving as a monk in Oberried monastery in 1344. The son of the same name of Johannes Giving from his second marriage to the daughter of the knight Egelolf Küchlin , was nicknamed Schüser and is mentioned in 1342 as Vogt of the Oberried monastery . From this branch the Schäfer dynasty developed, which can still be found today in the area of ​​the former county of Hauenstein .

At the end of the 14th century, a fire broke out in the monastery, which caused great damage. Hardly rebuilt, it burned again in 1412, with the monastery almost completely destroyed. The damage from both fires amounted to over 5,000 guilders, an immense sum for that time. The fact that this sum of money could be raised speaks for the financial strength of the monastery.

Oberried Abbey on an overhead door in Bürgeln Castle

In 1507 the priories of the Wilhelmites “in the forest” and those “in the city” were reunited, whereupon the monastery “in the forest” in Oberried was given up. When in 1679 in the Peace of Nijmegen the city of Freiburg and its fiefs as well as Betzenhausen and Kirchzarten passed to France, the monastery brothers moved back to Oberried and erected the monastery buildings there between 1682 and 1688, which have been preserved to this day.

Impoverished, the Oberried monastery was added to the St. Blasien monastery in 1725 , where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Under St. Blasien the buildings were expanded and renewed, among other things, Franz Joseph Vogel created stucco work. With the Oberried Monastery, the Quantities Monastery and the Sion Monastery in Klingnau also came to St. Blasien.

Abolition of the monastery

The French Revolution and the coalition wars connected with it brought another turning point in the history of the monastery. In 1806 Oberried fell to Baden and, like many other monasteries, was abolished by secularization .

literature

  • Martin Gerbert : Travels through Alemannia, Welschland and France in the years 1759–1762.
  • Joseph Bader : Badenia or the Baden region and people , 3rd year, vol. 4, 1844, p. 137ff.
  • Ferdinand Gießler: The history of the Wilhelmitenkloster in Oberried near Freiburg im Breisgau. 1911.
  • K. Suso Frank OFM: Oberried - Parish Church of the Coronation of Mary.
  • Ambrosius Eichhorn : Brief history of the provost of Oberried and the valley of St. Wilhelm. 1805

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joseph Bader : Badenia or the Baden region and people. Vol. 4, 1844, p. 137.
  2. ^ Joseph Bader: Badenia or the Baden region and people. 3rd year, Vol. 4, 1844, p. 139
  3. ^ Source collection of the Baden regional history. Vol. 1, p. 197 footnote
  4. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 13, p. 361
  5. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book
  6. ↑ 1308 by Egelolf Küchlin, 1308 Johannes Giving Schüser referred to as his son-in-law and referred to him by the nickname "Lülech".
  7. ^ Joseph Bader: Badenia or the Baden region and people. Vol. 4, 1844, p. 142.
  8. ↑ Oberried in the past and present on DreisamPortal