Bürgeln Castle

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Bürgeln Castle

Bürgeln Castle is 665.4  m above sea level. NHN on a wooded height above the Schliengen district of Obereggenen. Politically, the area now belongs to the municipality of Schliengen in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg .

In 1762, at the instigation of the provost von Bürgeln, Aloysius Mader, and the prince abbot Meinrad Troger of the monastery of St. Blasien , to which the provost belonged, the construction of Franz Anton Bagnato began in the Rococo style and was completed in 1764 under prince abbot Martin Gerbert .

history

The old form of Bürgeln Castle

The Lords of Kaltenbach

According to the report by Chronicon Bürglense , written in the 12th century, a church built by the ancestors of the Lords of Kaltenbach and served by a people's priest had long stood on the Bürgelnberg . In documents and chronicles the name forms Búrgilon, Burgilun, Burgelun can be found . Around 1120 knight Werner von Kaltenbach d. Ä. under the influence of the Bishop of Constance , Gebhard III, who fled to the monastery of St. Blasien . to enter the monastery. Around 1125 his unmarried son Wibert bequeathed the entire Kaltenbach property to the monastery with the consent of his father and his brother Werner, who also lived in the St. Blasien monastery. This also includes the Bürgelnberg, on which the church of the village of Obereggenen stood and which served as a burial place for the Kaltenbach family . The history of the foundation of the Propstei is based on the contemporary chronicle Chronicon Bürglense .

Propstei Bürgeln of the St. Blasien monastery until the Reformation

1126 founded Abbot Berthold I of St. Blasien at the request of Werner the Elder. Ä. first a Cella with only three brothers and shortly afterwards a provost , the first provost Werner Kaltenbach d. J. was. In 1267 a fire destroyed the church and monastery cells. Abbot Arnold II took care of the reconstruction, which resulted in the consecration of the new altar in 1277.

The provost's office had on the one hand secular tasks (administration of the St.-Blasian property in the Markgräflerland ; collection of taxes) and on the other hand spiritual tasks as a monastery cell. She had to ensure the spiritual care of the nearby Sitzenkirch monastery and the communities of Obereggenen, Kaltenbach and Marzell . During the Peasants' War , the Markgräfler farmers attacked and plundered the Saint-Blasian priests of Weitnau , Sitzenkirch and Bürgeln on May 3, 1525 .

Propstei Bürgeln from the Reformation to secularization

While the St. Blasien monastery and its large estates belonged to Upper Austria , the ruler of the Bürgeln provost was the margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and later that of Baden-Durlach . With the new church order, the Reformation was introduced in the margraviate on June 1, 1556 . The provost's office thus lost its spiritual duties, as the margrave dissolved the Sitzenkirch monastery and installed Protestant pastors in the communities previously looked after by Bürgeln.

1689 - during the War of the Palatinate Succession - French troops severely damaged the provost's office. From 1692 to 1698 the Propsteig building remained uninhabited due to the poor structural condition, which remained unsatisfactory even after repair work; various provosts had plans for new buildings. However, Aloysius Mader was only successful with his abbot, Meinrad Troger, in 1762. “From a structural point of view, the new provost had to be more than just an administrative building. It was about representation and the display of Catholic power ”.

The old building was demolished to the ground in 1762, and the new building began under the direction of Franz Anton Bagnato . In 1764 the rococo-style construction was completed. The two-storey main front faces west and has a central gable. A chapel is integrated into the building on the north side.

In 1782, Prince Abbot Martin Gerbert von St. Blasien successfully defended himself against the Josephinism of the Austrian sovereign Joseph II and was initially able to prevent the secularization of the St. Blasien monastery and its provosts.

In the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) between France and the German Empire, France definitely received the German territories on the left bank of the Rhine that had been occupied since 1795. The empire was obliged to compensate the princes affected by territorial losses. In the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 it was stipulated that the secular princes should be compensated by the secularization of ecclesiastical and mediatization of smaller imperial estates. The Order of Malta with its Grand Priory in Heitersheim was assigned the possessions of the St. Blasien Abbey. However, the House of Austria refused to hand it over. After the Peace of Pressburg , the entire Austrian Breisgau fell to Baden on April 15, 1806. With the Rhine Confederation Act of July 12, 1806, the Maltese principality of Heitersheim also fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden , with which the Bürgeln provost was definitely added to Baden.

Bürgeln Castle from secularization to 1957

Bürgeln Castle in the background on the left (around 1840)

The Grand Duchy of Baden sold the castle to a farmer in 1809. In 1822 the Catholic religious fund in Freiburg bought the north wing with the chapel. Subsequently, there were a number of other owners of the castle or parts of it. The nearby spa town of Badenweiler suggested that Bürgeln Castle be used as a destination for excursions. In 1912, however, Elisabeth Baroness von Gleichenstein (1850–1930) took over the castle. On the one hand, it expanded the castle to include an extension and, on the other hand, restricted public access.

When she wanted to sell Bürgeln to consul Felix Schleyer in 1920, the communities and citizens of the Markgräflerland joined forces to form the Bürgeln Bund in order to keep the castle open to the public. The Baden state exercised its right of first refusal and thus prevented private sales. The Bürgeln-Bund made the purchase price available to the (then still independent) municipality of Obereggenen and in return the municipality contractually transferred the rights and obligations of the property to the Bürgeln-Bund.

After the purchase, the funds of the Bürgeln-Bund were exhausted and they looked for a private leaseholder to maintain and expand, whom they found in Richard Sichler , who was staying in Badenweiler for a cure. Sichler had been general director of Lingner-Werke AG in Dresden since 1922 . For the redesign of the buildings, Sichler chose the architect Theodor Veil , who laid the terrace in front of the west side and set the stairs back. Inside, the castle had to be completely and fundamentally renovated. On September 19, 1926, the lengthy renovation work that Sichler carried out from private funds was over and a four-day opening ceremony began.

In 1939 Sichler returned to Germany from Asia and lived at Bürgeln Castle. There were constant quarrels about the use of the castle, which were also reported in the press and in court. After the war, Sichler brought five sisters of the Benedictine nuns from Saint Lioba (an order of the Benedictine nuns ) from their monastery in Günterstal to Bürgeln, where they worked as gardeners and tour guides. In 1952 Sichler died in the hospital in Müllheim - near Bürgeln Castle - as a result of an embolism. In 1957 the lease ended and the Bürgeln-Bund took over the maintenance of the castle on its own.

  • Bürgeln Castle - front / west side

  • West facade before the renovation in 1961

  • Bürgeln Castle - south side with rose garden

  • Bürgeln Castle - Library

  • Bürgeln Castle - salon with tiled stove

Sale of the Sichler collections in 1957

Shortly before his death, Sichler had signed two contracts with the then federal state of Baden in May 1952 for the purchase of the furnishings of the castle and the art collections for DM 450,000. President Leo Wohleb , who also had private relations with the Sichlers, signed for Baden .

As early as December 9, 1951, the majority of the people of Württemberg and North Baden had voted in a controversial referendum in favor of the formation of a new common federal state of Baden-Württemberg , to which the reluctant South Baden residents were incorporated. On March 9, 1952, a constitutional state assembly was elected. The first Prime Minister was elected at a meeting on April 25, 1952. The state of Baden-Württemberg was thus founded.

The new federal state, represented by Finance Minister Karl Frank , therefore did not recognize the purchase agreements. This ultimately led to the auction of the inventory in 1957 on behalf of Sichler's widow Nelly (nee Rosselet). The estate was auctioned from September 23 to 26, 1957 at Schloss Bürgeln by the Bonn auction house Küppers und Bödiger. It was an extensive collection of furniture, tiled stoves, porcelain, East Asian handicrafts, miniatures, glass, bronzes, garden sculptures and pictures.

Todays use

Today, numerous events take place at Schloss Bürgeln, especially in summer, including conferences, seminars, concerts (with the Freiburg University of Music ) and festivals. In February 2017, the previous electronic organ in the castle chapel was replaced by a pipe organ (with a manual and without a pedal ) from the organ builder Vleugels .

In the mid-1980s, the castle was the location of a ZDF series entitled Lorentz & Sons . The plot was the story of the Lorenz family and their winery.

See also

Z'Bürglen uf der Höh ',
nai, what cha me see!
O how mountain and valley change
Land and water everywhere,
Z'Bürglen uf der Höh '!
  • There is a risk of confusion with the Bürglen Castle in the Swiss canton of Thurgau , since in the Alemannic dialect (see also the poem by Hebel) the Bürgeln Castle in the Markgräflerland is also called Bürglen Castle or Bürgle .

literature

  • Friedrich Schöpflin, Ehrenfried Kluckert (ed.): Castle Bürgeln - closer to heaven . Donzelli Kluckert - Verlag, Schloss Bürgeln 2009.
  • Anton Josef Martin: Z 'Bürgeln uf der Höh. Richard Sichler at Bürgeln Castle. Patronage in difficult times . AJ Martin, Schliengen 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-029243-9 .
  • Anton Josef Martin: Bürgeln Castle in the 20th century. In: The Markgräflerland. Volume 1/2012, pp. 21-40 (based on the above book)
  • Wolfram Hartig: Bürgeln's picture gallery. 2011
  • Wolfram Hartig: Bürgeln's picture gallery, pictures of the benefactors and supraports in the corridors of the first floor of the former prince-abbot of St. Blasian Propstei Bürgeln. Bürgeln Castle, 2018.
  • Wolfram Hartig: Conradi de S. Blasio Chronicon Bürglense - Des Conradus von St. Blasien Bürgler chronicle, introduction, Latin text, translation and accompanying documents. Bürgeln Castle, 2018, ISBN 978-3-96409-004-1 .
  • Wolfram Hartig: How the Bürgelnberg came to the monks from St. Blasien. The Chronicon Bürglense - an exciting story from the Middle Ages. In: The Markgräflerland. Volume 1/2019, pp. 200-221.
  • Hans Trenkle: Local history of the communities Obereggenen and Sitzenkirch as well as the Probstei Bürgeln. Self-published, 1930
  • Rustenus (Christian) Heer: Anonymus Murensis denatus. Appendix II: Conradi de S. Blasio Chronicon Bürglense, Freiburg 1755, pp. 365-384 in the Google book search
  • Adolf Schmidt-Clever: The foundation of the Propstei Bürgeln. In: Alemannia . Volume 40 (1912), pp. 47-80 in Commons
  • Johann Jakob Schneider : The Badische Oberland. Lörrach 1841, pp. 29–35 (digitized version )
  • Columban Reble : Liber Originum Monasterij Sancti Blasij In Silva Hercynia: That is: An old-written book from the origin of the Gotts-Haus St. Blasien on the black forest . Waldshut, 1716, pp. 175–198 (online)
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The Art Monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen / Leipzig, 1901, Fifth Volume - District of Lörrach, pp. 102-106 (online)
  • Albert Krieger; Baden Historical Commission (Ed.): Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Heidelberg 1904, column 348-351 online at Heidelberg University Library
  • Robert Gerwig: On the history of the Bürgeln Propstei, from its foundation to the end of the Middle Ages. In: Schau-ins-Land. Volume 30 (1903), pp. 1-20 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Robert Gerwig: On the history of the Propstei Bürgeln. From the Reformation to the 19th century. In: Schau-ins-Land. Volume 34 (1907), pp. 69-87 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Joseph L. Wohleb : Castle Bürgeln in the Markgräflerland. In: Badische Heimat. Volume 31 (1951) pp. 189-193 PDF 940 kB
  • Herbert Albrecht: Castle Bürgeln. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 2/1964, pp. 120–125 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Helmut Bender: From the history of Bürgeln. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 3/4 1979, pp. 315-318 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library

Web links

Commons : Schloss Bürgeln  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schliengen # Zum Schloss Bürgeln  - Sources and full texts

Coordinates: 47 ° 44 ′ 59 ″  N , 7 ° 40 ′ 40 ″  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ s. Art monuments p. 102.
  3. ↑ see Karl Seith : The Markgräflerland and the Markgräfler in the Peasants' War of 1525. Karlsruhe 1926, p. 52.
  4. ↑ Ehrenfried Kluckert, Bürgeln - a wonderful sight, in: Friedrich Schöpflin and Ehrenfried Klunkert (eds.): Castle Bürgeln - closer to heaven. P. 68, Donzelli Kluckert - Verlag, Schloss Bürgeln 2009.
  5. ↑ E. Kluckert in Schöpflin / Kluckert p. 68.
  6. ^ Karl Stiefel, Baden - 1648–1952, Volume 1, p. 181, Karlsruhe 1979.
  7. ↑ nee Farina; Widow of Viktor Freiherr Huber von Gleichenstein (1841–1898), retired royal Prussian major. D. Entry on adelsmatrikel.de
  8. ↑ was in 1936 as a Norwegian diplomat in Madrid during the government of the Frente Popular
  9. ↑ Ingrid Hefke in Schöpflin / Kluckert pp. 108-120.
  10. ↑ see Anton Josef Martin: Z´Bürglen uf der Höh. Richard Sichler at Bürgeln Castle , p. 204
  11. ↑ Collection and estate of Dr. hc Richard Sichler. Auction catalog. Küppers & Bödiger, Bonn 1957.
  12. ↑ “The Sichler and Wohleb couples were good friends.” Wulf Rüskamp: New documents show: Wohleb died in the clinic. In: Badische Zeitung of September 5, 2014, accessed on October 7, 2015
  13. ↑ Collection and estate of Dr. hc Richard Sichler. Auction catalog. Küppers & Bödiger, Bonn 1957.
  14. ↑ DIE ZEIT No. 38 - September 19, 1957 - page 4; From the archive at ZEIT ONLINE: (online)
  15. ↑ s. Dorothee Philipp: Organ artwork in a glass case. In: Badische Zeitung from February 20, 2017.