Johann Peter Lever

Johann Peter Hebel, pastel by Philipp Jakob Becker (1795)

Johann Peter Hebel (born May 10, 1760 in Basel , † September 22, 1826 in Schwetzingen ) was a German writer , Protestant clergyman and teacher . Because of his volume of poems , Alemannic poems , he is widely regarded as a pioneer of Alemannic dialect literature . His second well-known work are numerous calendar stories written in Standard German .

Life

Childhood and school days

JP Lever's birthplace in Basel

The “ Hebelhuus ”, the home of Johann Peter Hebel in Hausen

Paper cutting by Hebel during his high school days

Johann Peter Hebel was born on May 10, 1760 in Basel, where his parents worked in the Iselin patrician house during the summer . His parents were married on July 30, 1759 in the Hauingen village church . Hebel's father Johann Jakob, who had come to southern Baden from the Hunsrück , died of typhus in 1761. Hebel's younger sister Susanne, only a few weeks old, also succumbed to typhus.

He spent half of his childhood in the city and the other half in Hausen im Wiesental , the home village of his mother Ursula, where his father had worked as a weaver in winter . "I learned to be poor and rich at an early age [...] to have nothing and have everything, to be happy with the happy and sad with the crying," he later recalled in a draft for a sermon. As later became apparent in his work, he was shaped by memories of both urban Basel and the rural Wiesental .

From 1766, Hebel attended the elementary school in Hausen and from 1769 the Latin school in Schopfheim (today's Theodor-Heuss-Gymnasium ), where he was a student of August Gottlieb Preuschen . In the summer months he was taught in the community school in Basel and from 1772 in the local grammar school on Münsterplatz . When Hebel was thirteen, his mother became seriously ill. Lever and Vogt Johann Jakob Maurer from Hausen hurried to Basel in an ox cart to bring the sick woman to Hausen. However, she died on the way in the presence of Hebel between Brombach and Steinen .

In 1774, Hebel entered the Karlsruhe high school illustre , where he was financially supported by sponsors and as a "boarder" with his former teacher and later court deacon Pruschen and his brother, with high school professor Christof Mauritii , constitutional lawyer Philipp Rudolf Stösser (1751-1825) and the young civil servant Johann Nicolaus Friedrich Brauer dined. Lever did very well at grammar school, was accepted into the Latin Society of the Margraviate of Baden in Karlsruhe in 1776 and graduated from grammar school in 1778.

As a teacher in Hertingen and Lörrach

During his studies he became a member of the Amicist order in Erlangen . After studying theology for two years (1778–1780) in Erlangen , he passed the exam in Karlsruhe in September 1780 and became a candidate for a pastor's office in November. However, he did not receive one, but instead took a position as a private tutor in Hertingen with the local pastor Schlotterbeck. On request Schlotter Becks he was after two years of ordained and was also active in pastoral care in Hertingen and Tannenkirch . Lever also used his time in Hertingen for extensive hikes in the Baden Oberland and as far as the Hunsrück, his father's home.

In 1783 he was appointed vicar of the Preceptor (assistant teacher) at the pedagogy in Lörrach . Associated with this task was the preaching in Grenzach ; However, the salary was so meager that he had to improve it with tutoring. Lever became friends with the school principal Tobias Günttert from Lörrach. Through him he also got to know Gustave Fecht , Günttert's sister-in-law, with whom he had a long-lasting platonic relationship and to whom he wrote numerous letters. Hebel remained unmarried all his life, although in later years he greatly admired the actress Henriette Hendel-Schütz .

Change to Karlsruhe

In 1791 he was appointed as a subdeacon at the illustrious grammar school in Karlsruhe , which meant that he left South Baden. In addition to teaching at the grammar school, he occasionally preached at court in Karlsruhe, where he enjoyed great popularity. As early as 1792, Hebel became court deacon, and in 1798 an associate professor. At the grammar school he continued to teach several subjects, including botany and natural history .

Lever maintained a collection of plants that he had put together in an extensive herbarium . He was also friends with the botanist Karl Christian Gmelin , whose flora badensis alsatica he revised with regard to the botanical (Latin and Greek) names and diagnoses. Gmelin, for his part, included the common cornflower lily under the name Hebelia allemannica (today Tofieldia calyculata ) in this work . In 1799, Hebel became an honorary member of the Jena Mineralogical Society and, in 1802, a corresponding member of the "Fatherland Society of Doctors and Natural Scientists in Swabia."

At a young age, Hebel had read Klopstock and Jung-Stilling , and later he particularly valued Jean Paul and Johann Heinrich Voss .

His wish to take care of a parish in Wiesental as a pastor was not fulfilled. How great this wish was can be seen in the fact that in 1820, Hebel wrote an inaugural sermon for a rural community, in which he wrote, among other things: “All I wanted was to live and die as a pastor in a peaceful country town among honest people What I have always wished for up to this hour in the happiest and most gloomy moments of my life. ”Instead, Hebel was, in his own words,“ being led higher and higher by an invisible hand, further and further away from the goal of my modest wishes ” . Although he was given the opportunity to take over the Lutheran parish in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1805 , he turned this down at the request of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich .

In 1808 he became director of the Karlsruhe grammar school. Lever stayed in Karlsruhe until the end of his life, apart from occasional trips to other parts of the country. He visited his native Baden Oberland and its former places of work Hausen, Schopfheim, Lörrach and Weil one last time in 1812. From 1815 onwards, Hebel complained more and more of health problems, which worsened in the following years.

Act as prelate and member of parliament

In 1819, Hebel became the first prelate of the Lutheran regional church and thus a member of the first chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly . As a member of parliament, according to his background, he mainly devoted himself to education, church and social policy. Among other things, he supported applications for the establishment of a deaf-mute institute and home for the blind and for better training for Catholic clergy. On the other hand, he rejected a hiking ban for craftspeople. Lever held the keynote address at the inauguration of the state parliament building in Karlsruhe. In 1820, Hebel received the Knight's Cross and later the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion .

Lever also played an important role in the unification of the Lutheran and Reformed regional church of Baden into today's Evangelical regional church in Baden in 1821: He advocated a common liturgy for the two churches and was the first to sign the unification deed. In the same year the University of Heidelberg awarded him an honorary doctorate in theology for his work at the association . Lever also presided over the new Evangelical Church as prelate.

Grave site in Schwetzingen

death

In September 1826 he went on a business trip to take school exams in Mannheim and Heidelberg. After the exams in Mannheim, where he had already suffered from severe pain, he visited the horticultural director Johann Michael Zeyher and his wife in Schwetzingen. His health deteriorated and he developed a high fever. As later revealed during the autopsy, he suffered from colon cancer . Doctors who were summoned from Schwetzingen, Mannheim and Karlsruhe could no longer help him: Hebel died on the night of September 22, 1826. He was buried in Schwetzingen.

His successor as prelate of the Baden regional church was Johannes Bähr .

plant

Alemannic poems

Hebels monument by Max Leu at the Peterskirche (Basel)

With a few early attempts, he began his literary work at the end of the 18th century. In 1799 he visited his home in the meadow valleys on a trip. After returning to Karlsruhe, he wrote the Alemannic poems over the next two years, inspired by the longing for his homeland . The 32 poems “for friends of rural nature and customs” were written in the Wiesentäler dialect. In Basel, however, Hebel could not find a publisher who dared to publish a book in Alemannic, and it was not until 1803 that the volume of poems was published by Philip Macklot in Karlsruhe. And for this publication, too, Hebel and his friends had to do some preparatory work, because the publisher asked for a sufficient number of advance buyers in advance. It is also interesting that the first edition of the poems only appeared under the initials JPH and with a dedication to Hebel's relatives and friends in Hausen. Shyness and modesty, but also fear of failure, are named as possible reasons.

In the Alemannic poems , Hebel represented the way of life, landscape and dialect of his homeland; from the Wiese river to a description of the advantages of the Breisgau and working in the Hausener ironworks. Perhaps the best-known Alemannic poem is The Transience . In the poem about dying and passing away, the father (Ätti) explains to the Bueb, using the Rötteln castle ruins , how one day even the glorious city of Basel and even the whole world will fall into ruin. In it, Hebel also processed his own experiences of his mother's death: The conversation between Ätti and Bueb takes place on a cart on the road between Steinen and Brombach, exactly at the point and under the circumstances under which Hebel lost his mother. The Alemannic poems were a huge success - the anonymous edition of 1803 was followed by a new one a year later, this time with the name of the author. Leebel's sovereign, Margrave Karl Friedrich , was obviously taken with the poems. Lever had to read it to him several times and noticed the Margrave's precise knowledge of the place: “I have to be surprised how Marggr. knew all the villages and nests, shrubs and hedges from Utzenfeld to Lörrach and was always able to say: that's that, and that's how it is. ”In the following decades, further editions appeared in Aarau, Vienna and Reutlingen. Famous poets such as Jean Paul (1803) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1804) wrote reviews of the poems. Lever himself was delighted in a letter: “In certain moments I can become immensely proud in myself and feel happy to the point of drunkenness that I have succeeded in making our otherwise so despised and ridiculous language classic, and you such a language To sing Celebritat. "

The Alemannic poems are among the most illustrated poems in German literature. They were illustrated by Benjamin Zix (three etchings in the third edition of the poems), Sophie Reinhard , Julius Nisle , Ludwig Richter and Kaspar Kögler , among others . The ten sheets based on Hebel's Allemannic poems, composed and etched by Sophie Reinhard (1820), were popularized on a series of postcards without naming the artist (Verlag CR Gutsch, Lörrach, Hebelpostkarte Nr. 1–10). Some pictures of the poems can also be found on the emergency money from Schopfheim.

Calendar stories

Leebel's second well-known work is his calendar stories, which he wrote from 1803 for the Baden country calendar and especially from 1807 for its successor, the Rhineland family friend . The old Lutheran-Baden country calendar had marketing difficulties at the beginning of the 19th century, and Hebel was a member of a commission that was supposed to work out suggestions for improvement. In the course of the discussions, Hebel finally became the editor for the new calendar, which was named Rheinländischer Hausfreund and first appeared in 1807. One of the most important innovations of the house friend was the enlarged text section, in which “educational news and funny stories” were published. Lever himself wrote about 30 of these stories every year and thus played a major role in the great success of the family friend , whose circulation doubled to around 40,000 copies. In 1811 the Rhenish friend's treasure chest appeared , a collection of the most interesting calendar stories . Further editions followed in 1816 and 1827. Lever's stories told news, short stories, anecdotes , rascals , modified fairy tales and the like. They were for entertainment, but also let the reader learn a lesson from the text. The best-known calendar stories of Hebels are Unexpected Reunion and Kannitverstan . According to Ernst Bloch , the former is “the most beautiful story in the world”. In 1815, however, a dispute broke out, as Hebel's calendar story Der pious Council , written in 1814 , which Catholics had sometimes found offensive, was removed from the calendar. As a result, Hebel resigned as editor and wrote significantly fewer calendar stories than in previous years. Only for the 1819 calendar did he step in again with a large number of contributions from his pen to enable the Rhineland House Friend to appear that year.

Biblical stories

According to the calendar stories, Hebel was very committed to drafting a new biblical school book for Protestant religious instruction . Lever prepared an expert opinion in which he established several criteria for the new textbook: It should have a clear and simple sentence structure and an exciting narrative style of the biblical reports and take into account the age of the young readers - between ten and fourteen years. Finally, Hebel himself was commissioned to write such a book. The Biblical Stories , which were published in 1824 and remained a textbook until 1855, took five years of work . The Catholic authorities also took lever's Bible stories positively; a slightly modified Catholic textbook version was already planned and approved by Hebel, but was then replaced by another version.

Reception and heritage

Monument in the Hebelpark in Loerrach . By sculptor Wilhelm Gerstel

Leebel's admirers included famous writers such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Gottfried Keller and Leo Tolstoy . Goethe, who had once tried his hand at a poem in Alemannic dialect, particularly praised the Alemannic poems : According to Goethe, levers “built up the universe in the most naive, graceful way”. Goethe also resisted calls to translate Hebel's poems: “You have to read such a poet in the original! Then you just have to learn this language! ”At a meeting with Hebel in October 1825, Goethe had him read the Alemannic poems to him and later wrote about him that he was“ a very good man ”. The Brothers Grimm were other admirers of Leebel . There was also a meeting with Jacob Grimm in Karlsruhe in 1814. Martin Vogt , who mainly worked as a church musician, published settings of the most important Alemannic poems before 1814 . Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy set Hebel 's New Year's song to music in 1844 . Lever also influenced the following dialect authors, such as the Basel poet pastor Jonas Breitenstein , who paid tribute to Lever in titles of various works and anthologies.

The connection between the folk and deeper statements and thoughts is particularly emphasized in Hebel's work. August Vilmar , for example , praised the fact that Lever's transience gives the folk foreground a background that one looks in vain in other folk idyllic poets. Vilmar also highlighted Leebel's descriptions of nature in the meadow and the poem Sonntagsfrühe , but especially the stories of the treasure chest : “The stories […] are absolutely unsurpassable in terms of mood, deep and true feeling, and the liveliness of the presentation, and they weigh up a whole load of novels. “ Theodor Heuss also praised Hebel's work for not using the down-to-earth Alemannic language for parodying and vulgarizing, but turning it into“ a tool of genuine poetry ”and creating a work in which, according to Heuss,“ the undertone of what remains, des Valid, the eternal, the eternal-human resonates ”.

Later authors also showed a high degree of appreciation for Hebel. A quotation from Hermann Hesse is characteristic of this : “I don't think we read in any literary history, even today, that Hebel was the greatest German narrator, as big as Keller and much more certain and purer and more powerful in effect than Goethe. “Theodor W. Adorno praised Johann Peter Hebel's essay Die Juden as one of“ the most beautiful prose pieces for the defense of the Jews that was written in German ”, and Elias Canetti described in Die resettete Zunge what importance he had for Hebel's treasure chest :“ I have no book I wrote that I did not secretly measure it from his language, and I wrote each down first in the shorthand, which I owe him alone to know. " Marcel Reich-Ranicki wrote:" Lever's stories are among the most beautiful in the German language "and took that Treasure chest in his canon of German literature . Also part of the canon is Die Rose , one of the few High German poems by Lever. The treasure chest was also included in the ZEIT library of 100 books .

With his essay Johann Peter Hebels Hollywood or Freeway ins Tal von Balzac (1995), Patrick Roth wrote another homage to Hebel: The text tells of the self-discovery of the young Roth as a German writer in America and begins with a drive through Los Angeles and on Volume of Roth's favorite story read: “'Unexpected reunion'. Told by Hebel in such a way that you learn to believe that one day you will see everything you have lost and loved again. "

The writer and literary scholar WG Sebald interprets in his essay There is a comet in the sky - calendar contribution in honor of the Rhenish family friend, the calendar stories as deepest emotional moments. Lever's language turns inward and the narrator puts his hand on our arm almost noticeably: “Lever detaches itself from the context of life and moves to that higher vantage point from which [...] one looks over into the distant, praised Land of the people, that homeland in which [...] nobody has been to. "

The life and work of Leebel are dedicated to, among others, the Leverbund Lörrach , the Leverbund Müllheim and the Basel Lever Foundation . For its 250th birthday, the Museum am Burghof (now the three-country museum ) presented the interactive exhibition “Johann Peter Hebel - Moving Spirit, Moving Life”.

Honors

80 Pf - postage stamp of the Deutsche Bundespost on the occasion of lever's 225th birthday (1985)

The Johann-Peter-Hebel-Prize was donated in 1936 in his honor . The award is given every two years by the state of Baden-Württemberg to writers , translators , essayists , media professionals or scientists who are connected to the Alemannic language area or Johann Peter Hebel through their journalistic work . The 10,000 euro prize is awarded in Hausen im Wiesental, where the Lever Festival takes place every year on May 10th . On top of that, the community of Hausen awards the Johann-Peter-Hebel commemorative plaque to personalities from the Upper Rhine region every year .

In 1926, the Lörracher Pedagogy, which was once a place of work, was renamed the Hebel Gymnasium . Today the building is used by the Dreiländermuseum , in whose lever hall the Hebelbund Lörrach also holds its series of events 'Literary Encounters'. The high schools there in Pforzheim and Schwetzingen are also named after him. Several primary schools - mainly in southern Baden, but also in Mannheim, Essen and Berlin - as well as many streets in the German-speaking area bear his name.

In 1889 the owners of the Feldberger Hof set up a new Hebelstube. They won Sebastian Luz to decorate the room with twelve popular Black Forest pictures.

Lever monuments can be found in the Karlsruhe Palace Park , in Basel, Hausen, Schopfheim and in the Hebelpark Lörrach. The Johann-Peter-Hebel monument in Lörrach was created by the sculptor Wilhelm Gerstel .

The Evangelical Church in Germany has set up a day of remembrance for levers in the Evangelical Name Calendar on September 22nd .

Schwetzingen honors Johann Peter Hebel with the lever commemoration and the lever drink.

gallery

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  Inscription in the monument base by Johann Peter Hebel in Hebelpark, Lörrach

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  Poem inscription

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  Bronze relief in the monument base by Johann Peter Hebel

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  Bronze relief in the monument base by Johann Peter Hebel

Fonts

From: Allemannische Gedichte , first illustration for Der Morgenstern (Illustrator: Ludwig Richter)

• Alemannic poems. For friends of rural nature and customs. Karlsruhe 1803. (anonymous) ( digitized version and full text in the German text archive ) (second edition 1804 with author's details)
  • Alemannic poems. For friends of rural nature and customs. Poésies Alémaniques. Pour les amis de la nature et des mœurs rurales. Traduit par Raymond Matzen .
    Bilingual edition Alemannic / French Morstadt Verlag , Kehl am Rhein 2010, ISBN 978-3-88571-362-3 .
• The Rhineland family friend . Calendar stories over several years (1803–1811)
  • Calendar stories. Carl Hanser, Munich 1999.
• Treasure chest of the Rhenish family friend. Cotta, Stuttgart 1811. (Compilation of the calendar stories with a few omissions and changes) ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • From the treasure chest of the Rhenish family friend. With illustrations by KF Schulz. Vitales, Furth im Wald 2001, ISBN 3-934774-93-8 .
• Biblical stories. Edited for the youth. Cotta, Stuttgart 1824. Vol.1 online , Vol.2
• Letters . Editor Wilhelm Zentner, 2 volumes. Müller, Karlsruhe 1957.
• Poetic works. After the last edition and the complete edition from 1834 with reference to the earlier versions. Winkler, Munich 1961.
• Excerpts , edited by Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann and Julie Freifrau Hiller von Gaertingen. Writings of the Museum for Literature on the Upper Rhine, Karlsruhe 2010, ISBN 978-3-7650-8585-7 .
• Luck and reason. Minute readings. Edited by Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann and Franz Littmann. Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 3-455-40232-1 .
• All writings.
  • Vol. II / Vol. III: Stories and essays. CF Müller, Karlsruhe 1990.
  • Vol. V: Biblical Stories. CF Müller, Karlsruhe 1991, ISBN 3-7880-9805-8 .
  • Vol. VI / Vol. VII: Sermons and draft sermons. Stroemfeld, Frankfurt am Main / Basel 2010, ISBN 978-3-87877-534-8 .
  • Vol. VIII: Theological writings. Stroemfeld, Frankfurt am Main / Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-87877-537-9 .
• Collected works: annotated reading and study edition in six volumes. Wallstein, Göttingen 2019. ISBN 978-3835332560 .

literature

• Wilhelm Altwegg : Johann Peter Hebel. Huber publishing house, Frauenfeld / Leipzig 1935.
• Basler Hebelstiftung (Ed.): Johann Peter Hebel: essence, work, effect. GS-Verlag, Basel 1990, ISBN 3-7185-0101-5 . Among other things:
  • Lieselotte Reber-Liebrich: The biblical stories , pp. 53-66.
  • Rudolf Suter: Hebel der Kalendermann , pp. 39–52.
  • Beat Trachsler: I was born to poor but pious parents ... - Biographical sketch , pp. 9–24.
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  HEBEL, Johann Peter. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 619-624.
• Rainer Fürst: Collective reviews of new publications (2008-2010) on Johann Peter Hebel. In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine 159 (2011), pp. 782–788.
• Julia Hiller von Gaertringen; Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann: Instructions to think for yourself: Johann Peter Hebel's “Excerpthefte” [accompanying volume for the exhibition of the Badische Landesbibliothek and the Museum für Literatur am Oberrhein], Karlsruhe: Braun; Leinfelden-Echterdingen: DRW-Verl. Weinbrenner, 2010.
• Rolf Max Kully: Johann Peter Hebel private. Central Library Solothurn, 2011. (Publications of the Central Library Solothurn. Small series 1)
• Rolf Max Kully: Johann Peter Hebel: Life and Work. Solothurn Pottery Society, 2006. (Announcements from the Solothurn pottery society. New episode 7)
• Rolf Max Kully: Johann Peter Hebel. With a list of works and references. JB Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1969. (Metzler Collection 80)
• Franz Littmann: Anything but naive. Why we are celebrating Johann Peter Hebel's 250th birthday. In: Moments - Contributions to regional studies in Baden-Württemberg (2010) 3, pp. 36–39.
• Jürgen Heizmann: "'Is man a wonderful creature'. About the poet and calendar man Johann Peter Hebel." In: die horen 234 [2009], pp. 69–93.
• Franz Littmann: Johann Peter Hebel. Humanity and wisdom for everyone. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-332-9 .
• Ralph Ludwig : The narrator. How Johann Peter Hebel created a literary treasure chest. Wichern-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-88981-286-5 .
• Richard Nutzinger : Lever's life journey in reports, stories and poems. Rombach, Freiburg (no year) [1962].
• Norbert Oellers : Johann Peter Hebel. In Benno von Wiese (Hrsg.): Deutsche Dichter der Romantik , 2nd, revised edition, Berlin 1983, pp. 57–87.
• Kurt Schleucher : Kannitverstan and the world theater, dealing with levers , Eduard Roether Verlag, Darmstadt, 1985, ISBN 3-7929-0147-1
• Bernhard Much : Johann Peter Hebel or The Luck of Transience. A biography. CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-59836-4 .
• Rainer Wunderlich Verlag (ed.): About Johann Peter Hebel. Rainer Wunderlich Verlag, Tübingen 1964.
• Wilhelm Zentner :  Lever, Johann Peter. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , pp. 165-168 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Johann Peter Hebel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikiquote: Johann Peter Hebel  - Quotes

Wikisource: Johann Peter Hebel  - Sources and full texts

• Basler Leverstiftung
• Literature by and about Johann Peter Hebel in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Johann Peter Hebel  in the German Digital Library
• Search for Johann Peter Hebel in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
• Works by Johann Peter Hebel at Zeno.org .
• Works by Johann Peter Hebel in the Gutenberg-DE project
• Complete works - online edition 2004 - 2016: the Alemannic poems, calendar stories, letters, sermons, Biblical stories, the Christian catechism, the unprinted papers and other prose - all complete = a total of 1700 original texts; plus curriculum vitae, portraits & pictures as well as additional information on the website of his home community Hausen im Wiesental
• Annotated link collection of the university library of the FU Berlin ( Memento from October 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) ( Ulrich Goerdten )
• Objects by Johann Peter Hebel in the Dreiländermuseum collection database
• Lever, Alemannic poems. Illustrated by Julius Nisle and Sophie Reinhard
• Autographs by Johann Peter Hebels in the digital collections of the Badische Landesbibliothek
• Exhibition: Instructions for thinking for yourself. Johann Peter Hebels Excerptshefte from May 20, 2010 to September 11, 2010 in the Badische Landesbibliothek

Remarks

1. ↑ Local traditions give Hauingen as the place of birth of Leebel , where his parents married in 1759. In literary terms, these traditions were processed by Richard Nutzinger in the story Das Hanspeterli (Heidelberg: Ev. Verlag Comtesse 1938). However, Hebel himself called Basel his place of birth and was baptized there on May 13, 1760 (Gerhard Moehring, Michael Fautz, Werner Heuer: Hauingen. Ein Dorfbuch zur 900-Jahrfeier , 2002, pp. 276–283; Hebel in one Letter to Friedrich Wilhelm Hitzig, Altbasel.ch ). See also Hans G. Nutzinger: Leebel's place of birth is Basel - not Hauingen , in: Baselbieter Heimatblätter 2010, pp. 67–69.
2. ↑ Trachsler, I was born of poor but pious parents ... , p. 11 f.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Inaugural sermon in front of a rural community, hausen-im-wiesental.de .
4. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 21–24.
5. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 77 f. and p. 83.
6. ↑ Karl Hoede: Boys out. As a reminder of the origins of the old boyhood. Frankfurt am Main 1962, p. 54.
7. ↑ Trachsler, I was born of poor but pious parents ... , p. 13.
8. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 105–111.
9. ↑ Trachsler, I was born of poor but pious parents ... , p. 17.
10. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 286 f.
11. ↑ Carl-Christian Gmelin: Flora Badensis, Alsatica et confinium regionum cis-et transrhenana ... online in the Google book search .
12. ↑ s. Längin and historical news from the society for the entire mineralogy of Jena, Jena 1801, p. 27 ( digitized ).
13. ↑ Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 61.
14. ↑ Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 59, 70 f.
15. ↑ Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 63.
16. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 225 and 289.
17. ↑ Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 67.
18. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 236 f .; Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 67.
19. ^ Wolfgang Hug: History of Baden , p. 213.
20. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 290.
21. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 237 and 290.
22. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 247–250 and p. 253; Johann Peter Hebel at knerger.de .
23. ↑ Viel, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 194. Compare also the representation of the Alemannic Wikipedia .
24. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , pp. 21–24.
25. ^ Letter to Gustave Fecht, beginning of February 1803, Lever to Gustave Fecht .
26. ^ Lever to Friedrich Wilhelm Hitzig, November 4, 1809
27. ^ Suter, Hebel der Kalendermann , p. 40.
28. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 224.
29. ↑ Hausen-im-Wiesental.de: Unexpected reunion
30. ^ Text at Project Gutenberg.
31. ^ Suter, Hebel der Kalendermann , p. 40.
32. ↑ Zentner, Wilhelm: Johann Peter Hebels Werke [in three volumes], Vol. II, Karlsruhe: CF Müller, undated [1922/23], p. 9 f.
33. ↑ Reber-Liebrich, Die Biblischen Erzählungen , p. 55.
34. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 243.
35. ↑ Swiss song , see the Alemannic Wikipedia .
36. ↑ quoted in Oellers, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 71.
37. ↑ Alpha-Forum-extra: stations of literature, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Frühwald in conversation with Dr. Walter Flemmer: Johann Peter Hebel, transcription on the website of the community of Hausen .
38. ^ Much, Johann Peter Hebel , p. 225 f.
39. ^ New edition: Martin Vogt: Johann Peter Hebels Alemannische Gedichte. Songs with piano and guitar accompaniment. Edited by Christoph Greuter. Bern, 2019 (music from the collection of the Solothurn Central Library, issue 10).
40. ↑ Text and audio file on www.cantus.org; accessed on March 17, 2018 .
41. ↑ August Vilmar: History of German National Literature , Volume 2, p. 250 f.
42. ^ Theodor Heuss: Speech on lever , in Rainer Wunderlich Verlag (ed.): About Johann Peter Hebel .
43. ^ Letter to Reinhard Buchwald from 1912.
44. ^ Jargon of authenticity , edition suhrkamp 91, Frankfurt a. M. 1964, ISBN 3-518-10091-2 , p. 48.
45. ^ Column in the FAZ, December 19, 2007: Ask Reich-Ranicki: Please be sparing with superlatives .
46. ↑ In: Patrick Roth: Riding With Mary. 10 times longing . Frankfurt 2003, pp. 9–33, here p. 13.
47. ↑ WG Sebald: Logis in a country house , Frankfurt / Main 2000, p. 22.
48. ^ [1] Website Dreiländermuseum. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
49. ↑ [2] .
50. ^ Johann Peter Hebel in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints .
51. ↑ Volker Kronemayer: Hebels death anniversary in Schwetzingen 2018. In: Badische Heimat , December 2018, pp. 628–630.

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on November 16, 2006 .