Sausenburg

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Sausenburg
View from the south of the keep of Sausenburg

View from the south of the keep of Sausenburg

Creation time : after 1232 and before 1246
Castle type : Höhenburg, summit location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Margraves
Place: Kandern
Geographical location 47 ° 44 '16.6 "  N , 7 ° 41' 21.1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 44 '16.6 "  N , 7 ° 41' 21.1"  E
Height: 665  m above sea level NHN
Sausenburg (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Sausenburg

Sausenburg is the name commonly used today for the ruins of the former Sausenberg Castle . The Sausenburg was the ancestral seat of the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg . The ruin is located in the district of Kandern in the Baden-Württemberg district of Lörrach .

Geographical location

The ruins of the Höhenburg are located about 1.3 km east of the Kandern district of Sitzenkirch and 3.3 km northeast of the Kandern town center, at 665  m above sea level. NHN high Sausenberg - an offshoot of the high blue . To the east of this is the municipality of Malsburg-Marzell , district of Malsburg. The ruins can be easily reached via the Lindenbückle via the village of Vogelbach in the northeast, which belongs to Malsburg . 1.6 kilometers to the north-west is Schloss Bürgeln, separated by the Lippisbachtal, and 4.5 kilometers to the north-east of the Hochblauen .

history

Attempt to reconstruct the Sausenburg

In 1125 the lords of Kaltenbach (from the town of Kaltenbach near Malsburg-Marzell ) donated land to the St. Blasien monastery . It is assumed that the Sausenberg also belonged to these lands, but this cannot be proven. The monastery of St. Blaise , built at least in the immediate vicinity of deaneries in Bürgeln and Sitzenkirch and in Weitenau . The Bailiwick of these provosts was exercised by the Zähringer and after their death passed to the Margraves of Hachberg .

In 1232 they acquired the Sausenberg from the St. Blasien Monastery. It remains unclear whether the Sausenberg was already built on at this time or earlier. In the literature the possibility of an early wooden earth castle was considered or an early refuge in times of war was suggested. A document from 1240 names the Sausenberg as the exhibition site, which at best indicates a castle - a document from 1246 explicitly mentions a castri Susenberk , although it is unclear whether the keep also existed. Based on this knowledge, it is assumed that a castle was built by the Margraves of Hachberg in the years 1232 to 1246.

1306 took place between the third Hachberg margrave Heinrich III. (1290–1330) and his brother Rudolf I (1290–1313) shared an inheritance - Hachberg with the city of Emmendingen was transferred to Heinrich. Rudolf received the rule of Sausenberg with the Sausenburg and the Landgraviate in Breisgau . Rudolf received the bailiwick of the priests Bürgeln , Sitzenkirch and Weitenau of the St. Blasien monastery .

Rudolf was married to Agnes von Rötteln , who, together with her husband, inherited half of the Rötteln rule from her brother Walter von Rötteln in 1310. Rudolf died in 1313, but in 1315 his son Heinrich received the other half of the Röttler rule from Lüthold II von Rötteln - Agnes' uncle and the last male representative of his family. Margrave Heinrich was now the sole ruler of the Rötteln rule and the Landgraviate of Sausenberg. For the Sausenbergers, the Röttler legacy meant a significant increase in power that probably tripled their area of ​​rule. Probably before 1317, the Sausenbergers moved to Rötteln Castle , and the name of the castle and lordship they inherited was included in the names of the margraves. After Heinrich's early death (1318), his younger brothers Rudolf and Otto jointly took over the reign. In 1318 Rudolf II pledged the Landgraviate in Breisgau to the Counts of Freiburg, whereby the Landgrave rights over the area around the Sausenburg were excluded. The Hachberg-Sausenberger line and therefore called the area controlled by it Landgraviate Sausenberg . Through a donation from the last Count of Freiburg, Johann , the Badenweiler rule came to the Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg in 1444 , which thus comprised the three components of the later so-called " Markgräflerland " (Landgraviate Sausenberg, Dominion Rötteln, Dominion Badenweiler). From then on, Sausenburg largely shared the fate of its sister castles in Rötteln and Badenweiler. After Rudolf II's death, his brother Otto initially took over the reign of the underage Rudolf III. Later both of them ruled together, with Otto focusing on the Sausenburg near which - in the church of Sitzenkirch - he was buried. After that, no margrave seems to have resided at Sausenburg.

Only fragments are known from the building history. After his father, Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg had expanded Rötteln Castle , Wilhelm von Hachberg-Sausenberg devoted himself to expanding the Sausenburg. Despite a large burden of inherited debts, Wilhelm began in 1428 - the year his father died - with the roofing of the battlements, the construction of a guard room above the gate tower and the construction of two more rooms next to the tower.

After Margrave Philipp, the last male representative of the House of Hachberg-Sausenberg who was capable of succession, died in 1503 , his Margraviate - including Sausenburg - fell to the main line of the Margraves of Baden according to the inheritance contract ("Röttelsches Gemächte") . Margrave Christoph only succeeded in taking on the inheritance against the will of Philip's widow and daughter through the determined appearance of the " landscape ", the representative of the peasantry that occupied the castles of Rötteln, Sausenburg and Badenweiler before the new bailiff appointed by the widow Castles could take over.

Occupation in the Peasants' War in 1525

Ruins of the Sausenburg around 1844

The castle was also a site of the Peasant War . Margrave Ernst's lawyers also accused the subjects of occupying Sausenburg and taking supplies and objects in their application. In their reply, the lawyers of the landscape confirmed the occupation, the occupation of the Sausenburg and the other margravial castles ( Rötteln and Badenweiler ), which had taken place in order to protect them from damage by other peasant groups - in particular by the Black Forest group under Hans Müller .

The peasantry saw the castles not only as margrave fortifications, but also as state fortresses. After the first serious defeats by neighboring peasant groups, the Markgräfler withdrew from northern Breisgau and were back in their villages on May 30th. On this date, the occupation of the castles that had started on May 14th or 15th was probably over.

Thirty Years' War

The castle was fought over in the Thirty Years War from 1633. On May 9th, July / May 19, 1633 greg. Badenweiler Castle was taken by the imperial troops from the Breisach fortress and in the following days Rötteln Castle and the Sausenburg were also taken by the imperial troops of Count Montecuccoli and with the support of Margrave Hermann Fortunat of Baden-Rodemachern.

On June 23 jul. / July 3, 1633 greg. the imperial garrison of Rötteln Castle capitulated to the Swedish troops of the Rhine Count Otto Ludwig . As a result, the Swedes also took the castle in Badenweiler "and other Orth with the entire upper lordship", which then also included the Sausenburg.

After the heavy losses in the Battle of Nördlingen in September 1634, the Swedes withdrew their garrisons from many fortified places. Rhine Count Otto Ludwig collected the associations near Strasbourg . The gun from the evacuated areas was brought to safety in the stronghold and in Strasbourg. The abandoned places - such as Rötteln Castle - were given imperial garrisons in February 1635 at the latest.

In 1638, however, the imperial troops were defeated by Duke Bernhard von Weimar in the battle of Rheinfelden and on 18 March July. / March 28, 1638 greg. the Duke was able to take Rötteln Castle by storm. Cattle and supplies were brought to Neuenburg am Rhein . The other castles - such as the Sausenburg - were taken by Weimar troops.

Destruction in the Dutch War

During the Dutch War , the southern Markgräflerland was again the scene of fighting. On June 18, 1678, Rötteln Castle was attacked by the troops of French generals Louis-François de Boufflers and Claude de Choiseul-Francières ; she capitulated after three days. Rötteln went up in flames on the night of June 29th to June 30th under unexplained circumstances, but probably with destructive intent. The surrounding castles of Brombach , Sausenburg and Badenweiler also burned out.

description

Wested floor plan of the ruins of Sausenberg Castle
View from the tower to the courtyard

There is a lack of building history studies and improper restoration work has changed the building stock significantly.

The core or main castle fills the entire plateau of the castle hill, which has a size of about 30 by 50 meters. The plateau is surrounded by a ring trench up to 17 meters wide with a rampart in front . At the edge of the plateau runs the polygonal ring, which is still preserved in remnants and partially restored.

In the north is the restored keep , which is about 19 meters high and almost 8 meters in diameter and has walls up to 2.70 meters thick. It is designed as a round tower and is dated to the 13th century. The medieval entrance was 9 meters high, where the tower still has a wall thickness of 2.10 meters. The present entrance to the keep was only broken into the base of the wall in 1856. Today the tower has an accessible platform as a conclusion and can be climbed as a lookout tower . A drawing from 1844 shows only the high stump of the wall without the top. From a possible development of the site within the Bering radicals have received a minimum two-storey building only in the southern part of the Palas could have been. The remainder of a barrel vault can also be seen here.

An earlier hypothesis of a "fairly consistent basic disposition of the residential building and the surrounding walls" with Zähringen Castle is now being questioned.

Access to the main castle was originally via a bridge from the south, whereby the previous gate situation was built in as part of the restoration. Today's access via a staircase was only created as part of a historically improper restoration.

In the south and west of the core castle, a bailey is built, which was protected by a moat with a rampart. Of the outer wall of the outer bailey, around 18 m of granite rubble are partially preserved. The entrance to the outer bailey is believed to be at the western end of the wall. From the construction of the bridge from the outer bailey to the main bailey, a pillar several meters high and wide can still be seen, which served as a support for the drawbridge. In addition, traces of the outer abutment can still be seen and above the bridge pillar there is a bricked, angular protrusion which was also interpreted as the base of a gate tower.

Today's use and maintenance

"Since 1960 the State Building Construction Office, the Kandern Forestry Office, the State Monuments Office and the Black Forest Association have been protecting and renovating the castle."

The castle ruins are now a local destination. There are hiking trails from Kandern and Sitzenkirch to the castle ruins. The facility is also on the twelfth stage of the Black Forest Westweg (western route) and is therefore also visited by long-distance hikers. Castle tours are also offered.

See also

There is no connection between Sausenburg and Susenburg in the Harz, which once also had a Sausenburg.

literature

  • Matthias Heiduk: Kandern (LÖ). In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz : The castles in medieval Breisgau, II. Southern part: half volume AK . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 332–342
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1901, fifth volume - Lörrach district; Pp. 140-142 online
  • Eduard Christian Martini: Sausenburg In: Schau-ins-Land, Volume 3 (1876), pp. 93-97 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Albert Eisele : The Sausenburg. In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 2/1962, pp. 37–38 digital copy of the Freiburg University Library
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Sausenburg. In: Castles of the German Middle Ages - Floor Plan Lexicon . Special edition. Flechsig Verlag, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 531.
  • Werner Meyer : Castles from A to Z - Burgenlexikon der Regio . Published by the Castle Friends of both Basels on the occasion of their 50th anniversary. Klingental printing works, Basel 1981, pp. 30–32. With a detailed sketch and description.
  • Christian Adolf Müller: Sausenburg and the neighborhood. In: Das Markgräflerland, 1973, special issue Burgen und Schlösser, pp. 12–16 digitized from the Freiburg University Library
  • Julius Naeher , Heinrich Maurer : Sausenberg Castle. In: The old Baden castles and palaces of the Breisgau: Contributions to regional studies . Emmendingen 1884; Reprint: W. Abel, Freiburg im Breisgau 1981, ISBN 3-9800253-3-0 , pp. 62-67
Say
  • Bernhard Baader : Newly collected folk tales from the state of Baden and the neighboring areas: At the same time as a supplement to the author's work: Folk tales from the state of Baden. P. 17 No. 27 Internet Archive

Web links

Commons : Sausenburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Heiduk p. 334
  2. ↑ on older spellings such as Susenberg see Albert Krieger : Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Volume 2, Column 799-800 digitized
  3. ↑ s. Heiduk p. 334
  4. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  5. ↑ top of the pass between Kander- and Lippisbachtal with parking lot for hikers
  6. ↑ see Heiduk p. 340
  7. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Baden Historical Commission (ed.), Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck (1892-1915); Volume 1 - Richard Fester (editor): Margraves of Baden 1050–1431, Margraves of Hachberg 1218-1418 , Innsbruck 1900, Regest no. H12 June 22, 1232 Internet Archive
  8. ↑ see Meyer p. 31
  9. ↑ see closer p. 61
  10. ↑ see Heiduk p. 341
  11. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Baden Historical Commission (ed.), Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck (1892-1915); Volume 1 - Richard Fester (editor): Margraves of Baden 1050–1431, Margraves of Hachberg 1218-1418 , Innsbruck 1900, Regest no. H576 1306 (between August 15 and September 15) Internet Archive
  12. ↑ Thomas Simon: manorial rule and bailiwick. A structural analysis of late medieval and early modern rule formation. Dissertation, University of Freiburg i. Br. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 114.
  13. ^ Sven Schomann: Hagen (Lörrach, LÖ): Burg Rötteln. In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz (ed.): The castles in the medieval mash gau II. Southern part. Half-volume AK, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 238-239
  14. ↑ see Heiduk p. 342
  15. ↑ s. Rudolf III. Margrave von Rötteln and others (authors), Klaus Schubring (translator): Rötteler Chronik 1376–1432 , Waldemar Lutz Verlag, Lörrach 1995, p. 181 and Franz Josef Mone (editor): Sources collection of Baden regional history , first volume, p. 299 , Macklot, Karlsruhe 1848 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  16. ↑ Johannes Staub: The contract of inheritance between Margrave Christoph I of Baden and Margrave Philipp von Hachberg from August 31, 1490 , in: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1991. Schopfheim, 1991
  17. ↑ see Klagartikel lawyers of Margrave Ernst against its subjects and their trailers. In: Heinrich Schreiber (editor): Document book of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau (The German Peasants' War: 1525; July to December) , 1866, p. 68 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  18. ↑ see Karl Hartfelder : Documentary contributions to the history of the peasant war in Breisgau. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 34 (1882), pp. 437-438 in the Internet Archive ; In fact, on April 19, the unification masters of the Hotzenwald warned the city of Freiburg that the Black Forest heap wanted to cover the Breisgau and the upper margraviate with war. ibid p. 414 in the Internet Archive
  19. ↑ see Seith (Bauernkrieg) p. 63; see also Anton Philipp von Segesser (editor): The federal farewells from the period from 1521 to 1528, Volume 4, Section 1a. Farewells. (1521 - 1528), p. 680, May 31, 1525 Digital copy of the ULB Düsseldorf
  20. ↑ see Seith (Peasants' War) p. 54
  21. ↑ see Bogislaw Philipp von Chemnitz : Königlich Schwedischer in Teutschland led war , 2nd part, Stockholm, Johannis Jansson II, 1653, p. 125 Google Books
  22. ↑ see Thomas Mallinger's diaries. From 1611–1660. Published by Franz Joseph Mone . In: Sources collection of the Badische Landesgeschichte, Volume 2, pp. 539-540 Google Books
  23. ↑ on Hermann Fortunat s. Philipp Ruppert : The war events in Breisgau from 1632 to 1635 and the first siege of Breisach. In: Journal of the Society for the Promotion of the History, Antiquity and Folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the neighboring landscapes. 6th Volume (1883-1887), p. 279; Footnote 2 archive.org
  24. ^ See Bogislaw Philipp von Chemnitz : Königlich Schwedischer in Teutschland led war , 2nd part, Stockholm, Johannis Jansson II, 1653, p. 159 Google Books
  25. ^ Thomas Mallinger's diaries. From 1611–1660. Published by Franz Joseph Mone . In: Sources collection of the Badische Landesgeschichte, Volume 2, p. 544 Google Books
  26. ↑ s. Philipp Ruppert: The war events in Breisgau from 1632 to 1635 and the first siege of Breisach. In: Journal of the Society for the Promotion of the History, Antiquity and Folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the neighboring landscapes. Volume 6 (1883-1887), p. 313 archive.org
  27. ↑ see Theatri Europaei Continuatio III. That is: Historical Chronicle Third Part. Frankfurt, 1670, p. 932 Digital copy of the Augsburg University Library
  28. ↑ Seith: Rötteln Castle in the course of its master families. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1931, p. 21 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  29. ↑ Seith: Rötteln Castle in the course of its master families. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1931, p. 24. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  30. ↑ see Heiduk p. 334
  31. ↑ see Eisele p. 38
  32. ^ Josef Bader : A walk through the Markgrafenland. In: Badenia or the Baden region and people, 1844 digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library
  33. ↑ see closer p. 62
  34. ↑ see Heiduk p. 337
  35. ↑ see Heiduk p. 335
  36. ↑ s. Heiduk p. 334
  37. ↑ see Meyer p. 31
  38. ^ Ruin Sausenburg on the homepage of the city of Kandern; accessed on June 23, 2020
  39. ↑ The Sausenburg. Acting castle tour under Leisure & Tourism on the homepage of the city of Kandern; accessed on June 29, 2020.