Rudolf III. (Hachberg-Sausenberg)

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Portrait of Rudolf III. on the tomb in the Gallus Church in the hamlet of Rötteln

Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg (* 1343 , † February 8, 1428 ) was the son of Margrave Rudolf II of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Katharina von Thierstein . Until 1384 his uncle Otto I. von Hachberg-Sausenberg was regent or co-regent. Rudolf III. is regarded as the most important of the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg .

Marriages and offspring

In 1373 Rudolf married Adelheid von Lichtenberg , the daughter of Simon von Lichtenberg, the master of Hüneburg Castle in Alsace. No children are known from this marriage and Adelheid died before April 28, 1378.

In 1387 Rudolf married Anna von Freiburg-Neuchâtel (1374–1427), the daughter of Count Egino III. von Freiburg and sister of Count Konrad von Freiburg , who negotiated the marriage contract. Rudolf had 13 children with her (7 sons, 6 daughters). Of the 13 children, 1407 were still alive:

  • Otto (* 1388, † 1451) - Bishop of Constance
  • Verena (born December 13, 1391) ∞ Heinrich V. von Fürstenberg
  • Rudolf the Young (March 27, 1393 - April 28, 1419)
  • Agnes - nun in the monastery of St. Klara in Basel
  • Katharina († 1419) - nun in the monastery of St. Klara in Basel
  • Anna († 1419) - nun in the St. Klara monastery in Basel
  • Margarethe († 1419) - nun in the monastery of St. Klara in Basel
  • Wilhelm (* 1406, † 1482) - Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg

From the information in the Rötteler Chronik that Rudolf lost four children in 1419 and the next entry speaks of a great plague, it is concluded that the children died of the plague .

government

When his father died, Rudolf was only 9 years old and his uncle Otto I. von Hachberg-Sausenberg took over the guardianship. In 1358 Otto handed over the guardianship to Rudolf's maternal uncle, Count Walram III. from Thierstein-Pfeffingen . When Rudolf came into his inheritance in 1364, he continued to rule with his uncle Otto until his death in 1384. From 1384 until his death in 1428 he ruled alone; altogether he directed the fortunes of the margraviate for 64 years.

In 1366 his uncle gave him his own half of a part of the property as compensation for the fact that he had the usufruct of Rudolf's inheritance during the guardianship. In 1371, uncle and nephew signed an inheritance and succession contract, according to which Otto handed over his remaining possessions and received them back from Rudolf as personal items .

In 1371 Rudolf and his uncle accepted that Duke Leopold III. von Habsburg gave Rötteln Castle and the town of Schopfheim as a fief; In the past, both had been viewed as property of the Hachbergers.

King Ruprecht enfeoffed the margrave with the Landgraviate in Breisgau on August 4, 1401 and confirmed his imperial fiefs and privileges.

In 1422, the Margrave of Rötteln is listed in the army registers decided on by the Reichstag in Nuremberg and thus the imperial class.

Relations with Basel

In the course of the riots during the Evil Carnival in Basel on February 26, 1376, around 100 noble people and their followers were captured by rebels, including Margrave Rudolf, in the Eptinger Hof in Rittergasse on Basel's Minster Hill. Like the other nobles, Rudolf assured him in a letter of atonement that he would not take revenge.

On November 13, 1376 - a few months after the Evil Carnival - Margrave Rudolf III bought. von Hachberg-Sausenberg in the Basel Spiegelgasse (today Augustinergasse 17) the house ze Strasburg (Augustinerhof) of Konrad Offenburg, the parishioner of Wollbach , for 500 guilders. As early as July 11, 1379, the margrave added to his property by buying the adjoining house ze Arberg (today Augustinergasse 19) which was later called Kleiner Markgräflerhof . The sellers were Werner and Adelberg von Bärenfels .

On May 9, 1486, the city of Basel withdrew the castle rights from Margrave Rudolf and other aristocrats because they had refused to promise the city post-war obligations in writing.

In 1393, the Principality of Basel transferred the dominions of Waldenburg , Liestal and Homburg for the 4,000 guilders loaned by Bishop Konrad Münch von Landskron . In 1396, after his resignation from the diocese, Konrad Münch von Landskron passed the rulership on to Margrave Rudolf in return for a refund of 4,000 guilders. The Münch von Landskron family owned Landskron Castle in Upper Alsace from the margrave . The nobleman Ulman Renk reigned as chief bailiff of the margrave at Waldenburg Castle .

The margrave was not looking for an investment in the pledge, but rather the extension of his rule to the south. The financially weak prince-bishopric offered itself as a gateway, but the city of Basel felt too narrow, as the Habsburgs were already making expansion impossible for it in the north and west . The interests of the city and the margrave collided. To secure his position, the margrave concluded a five-year friendship treaty on May 31, 1399 with the neighboring cities of Bern and Solothurn in the south of his sphere of influence . But Basel reacted quickly and with vigorous and financially strong support.

On July 26th, 1400, Bishop Humbert von Neuchâtel sold the three lordships with all rights to the city of Basel for 22,000 guilders. However, the money went to the creditors of the prince-bishopric, including 8,000 guilders to the margrave. The repurchase option contractually agreed between the city and the bishop only served to save face. Whether the Margrave actually made a profit of 100% in the four years that he managed Waldenburg, Liestal and Honberg as pledge cannot be answered without detailed knowledge of the financial processes in these four years, but Basel had a great strategic interest in the acquisition and the margrave was able to use the proceeds to expand his holdings on the right bank of the Rhine through acquisitions. In the same year he bought the Neuenstein estate with the main town of Gersbach.

Construction activity

Rudolf III. developed a brisk construction activity. Around 1360, two gateways, a large building and a tower were built on his seat in Rötteln Castle . In 1387 and 1392 further large buildings followed on the castle. In 1401 he built the church in the village of Rötteln and expanded it in 1418 to become the main church of his rule. His tomb and that of his second wife, Anna von Freiburg , in the church of Rötteln are considered to be important testimonies of Gothic art on the Upper Rhine.

Coins

Handel of the Margrave Rudolf

Coins minted by Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg were initially documented. When the German King Wenzel passed a new coin law in July 1385, the further minting of evil Hellern - i.e. inferior coins with too little silver - was prohibited in a first transitional law. The originator of such inferior coins was u. a. called the Margrave Rudolf von Hochberg. It is not known that the Hachberger line of the House of Baden was granted the right to mint, but they have had coins minted without objection.

In 1829, 800 small silver coins were found in Warmisried . There were also Heller ("Händleinhellern"). Initially only a part of the finds was evaluated and determined and only later was the rest recorded and described, whereby the coins classified as indeterminate also showed a hand-lighter "which shows a clear R in the flat hand". Rottweil was initially assumed to be the mint .

During excavations in the Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias in Trier in 1899, two Hellern ("Händleinhellern") of initially unknown origin were found. Based on the identifier “R” (or “F”) and the report on the Warmisried find, Rottweil or Ravensburg were initially assumed to be the mint.

These Händleinheller from Warmisried and Trier were later given to Margrave Rudolf III. Attributed to von Hachberg-Sausenberg.

Extension of the sovereignty

During his long reign, Rudolf was able to extend his sovereignty to other villages, although after losing the Waldenburg pledge, he restricted himself to areas on the right bank of the Rhine. He also had to avoid conflicts with the Habsburgs who controlled large areas around his margraviate and whose fiefdom he had recognized for Rötteln Castle and the town of Schopfheim.

In 1368 Rudolf von Ritter Konrad Münch von Münchenstein bought the castle and village of Otlikon (Friedlingen), as well as the villages of Weil , Wintersweiler , Welmlingen and also goods in Haltingen , Hiltelingen and Hüningen.

He also bought Dossenbach from the nobleman Wilhelm von Hauenstein and his son Henman von Hauenstein , who was later appointed as his bailiff. In 1369 he acquired half of the village of Marzell and in the following year rights in Wiechs and Riedlingen.

In 1394 he was enfeoffed by Basler Bishop Konrad Münch together with Count Konrad von Freiburg with Basler Stiftslehen “ namely team, wildbännen and silver mountains in Breisgau, on the Black Forest and at Tottnöw ( Todtnau )”.

Höllstein

As early as 1360, the margraves had rights in the village of Höllstein as a fiefdom of the Principality of Basel. In 1365 they came into the fiefdom of all court law and thus became local lords, although their property in the village was subordinate. In exchange for the court rights in Höllstein , the margraves gave these rights for the village of Huttingen to Prince-Bishop Johann II. Senn von Münsingen , which later made Huttingen part of the Prince-Bishopric of Schliengen . Nominally, the feudal rights of the Prince Diocese of Höllstein were not replaced until 1803. However, Höllstein was part of the margraviate since 1365.

Purchase of the Neuenstein estate

On November 19, 1400, Margrave Rudolf bought the Neuenstein lordship with the Nüw Stein Fortress ( Neuenstein Castle ) with the villages of Gerispach ( Gersbach ), Slechbach (Schlechtbach), Sweyggmatt ( Schweigmatt ), Kürem ( Kürnberg ), Reippach ( Raitbach ), the mill in Hasel , the farm called Sattellege (Sattelhof), the farms Blumberg, Eychenbrunnen, Steinighof (Steinegg) and the stone pit in Kürnberg for 2000 gold guilders.

The sellers were the heirs of Rudolf von Schönau , who died in the battle of Sempach , Anna von Klingenberg , the widow of Rudolf von Schönau, and their son Albrecht. As the widow's bailiff, the knight Günther Marschalk von Basel also sealed the contract. The Lords of Schönau ran into financial difficulties after the battle of Sempach and had to sell some of their property. The Neuenstein Fortress was actually only a fiefdom for the Schönauers from the St. Blasien monastery , but in 1401 the margrave succeeded in obtaining a renunciation of the fiefdom from the abbot of the monastery, Johannes Kreuz , and thus to gain control with all rights.

Rudolf was able to secure the financing of the purchase due to the release of the Waldenburg pledge in July of the same year, which brought him 8,000 guilders from the city of Basel. With an area of ​​approx. 33 km² this acquisition made up approx. 7.3% of the area of ​​the later Oberamt Rötteln . The large beech forests that made glassworks possible were economically significant. Forest glass was produced in Raitbach as early as the 14th century - glass production began later in Gersbach.

Chronicler

The Rötteler Chronik was created during Rudolf's reign , some of which is said to have been written by himself. This chronicle deals with European, German, Upper Rhine and local events in the period from 1376 to 1432. The chronicle begins with the entry about the events of the Evil Carnival of 1376 in Basel. During this riot against Duke Leopold III. von Habsburg and his followers were also briefly captured by the rebels.

In the Hussite War

The Röttler Chronik reports that Margrave Rudolf contributed a small troop of knightly fighters paid for by him to the second Hussite crusade in 1421 . Also according to the army register of 1422 for the daily war with the Hussites, the Margrave of Rötteln was supposed to provide 12 mounted men. The Röttler Chronik also reports that the Margrave had a Tarras rifle made in 1420 , which was probably also related to the experiences from the Hussite fights in which such rifles were used on a large scale. For some princes, they were part of the imperial contingent, for which Rudolf prepared himself. In the Röttler Oberburg there are also horizontal double- mouth notches in the shell towers of the Bering , which are suitable for the use of a Tarras rifle.

Feuds

Memorial stone to the attack by Dietrich von Ratsamhausen on the village of Feldberg

From 1422 there were disputes between Margrave Rudolf and Dietrich von Rathsamhausen. The latter laid claim to the Alsatian village of Brunstatt . Rudolf won the legal dispute several times, but this was not accepted by Dietrich von Rathsamhausen. In 1426 the dispute escalated and there were warlike actions in the course of which Dietrich von Rathsamhausen attacked the margravial village of Feldberg from Obereggenen and burned it down.

Representation in the literature

In the historical novel by Elke Bader Anna von Rötteln , published in 2009 . In the hailstorm of desire between Basel and Habsburg is Margrave Rudolf III. next to his wife Anna von Freiburg the main character.

There is also a poem by Willi Ferdinand Fischer in which Rudolf III. is glorified.

See also

literature

  • Fritz Schülin : Rötteln-Haagen, contributions to local, landscape and settlement history , Lörrach 1965; P. 65.
  • Fritz Schülin: Binzen, contributions to local, landscape and settlement history , Schopfheim 1967; P. 523/524 (family table of the Hachberg-Sausenberg family).
  • Karl Seith : The castle Rötteln in the change of its master families, a contribution to the history and building history of the castle. In: Das Markgräflerland , 3rd year, issue 1, 1931, pp. 1–29 digitized
  • Gerhard Moehring : Chronology of Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg, Lord of Sausenberg and Rötteln (1343–1428) . In: Das Markgräflerland , Volume 1/2001, pp. 53–63, Schopfheim, 2001 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Thomas Alfried Leger: Hochberg, Hachberg. In: AG Hoffmann: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , Second Section, Part Nine. Leipzig 1832, pp. 119–123 Google digitized version
  • Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515.
  • Johann Daniel Schöpflin : Rudolphus III. In: Historia Zaringo-Badensis , Tomus Primus, Karlsruhe 1763, pp. 390–398 (Latin) digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . First part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1764, p. 510-541 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Rudolf III. Margrave von Rötteln and others (authors), Klaus Schubring (translator): Rötteler Chronik 1376–1432 . Waldemar Lutz Verlag, Lörrach 1995, ISBN 3-922107-35-4 .
  • Klaus Schubring : Margrave Rudolf III. and the Michaelskirche in Schopfheim. In: Schopfheim: Jahrbuch , 12. 1996, pp. 7-12
  • Peter Paul Albert : Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg, Herr zu Rötteln and zu Sausenberg, and his relationships with the city and county of Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Blätter aus der Margraviate , 1917, pp. 67–81 (digitized from Freiburg University Library)
  • Adila Islamović: New Findings on the Funerary Monuments of Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Annas von Freiburg in the Röttler Church near Lörrach. In: Das Markgräflerland , Volume 1/2015, pp. 132–150
  • Annemarie Heimann-Schwarzweber: On art history in the district. Sculpture at the court of Margrave Rudolf III. In: The district of Lörrach . Stuttgart 1980, pp. 115-116, ISBN 3-8062-0203-6

novel

  • Elke Bader: Anna von Rötteln - in the hailstorm of desire , Jakobus-Verlag, Barsbüttel 2008, ISBN 978-3-940302-11-3 (Anna von Rötteln is Anna von Freiburg)

Web links

Commons : Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 181, footnote 363 on p. 201
  2. ^ Fritz Schülin: Rötteln-Haagen, contributions to the local, landscape and settlement history . Lörrach 1965, p. 65.
  3. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik , p. 77, footnote 58 on p. 193
  4. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester . Innsbruck 1892, h719 and h729; Text archive - Internet Archive
  5. Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Volume 2: He-Lysser. Heidelberg 1905, p. 492. diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de
  6. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester . Innsbruck 1892, h752; Text archive - Internet Archive
  7. s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 77, footnote 66 on p. 193
  8. s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 77, footnote 62, 63 on p. 193
  9. a b c d s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 161
  10. see Sachs p. 495 [1]
  11. see Sachs p. 498 [2]
  12. see Sachs p. 498 [3]
  13. ^ Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravlichen old princely house of Baden . First part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1764, p. 503–504 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  14. Wikisource: Army register from 1422  - sources and full texts
  15. see Schubring Röttler Chronik, p. 43
  16. see Rudolf Wackernagel : History of the City of Basel , Volume 1, p. 295 in the Internet Archive
  17. 400. Atonement because of the evil Carnival
  18. ^ Letter of Atonement of March 5, 1376 in the Internet Archive
  19. It is not known whether this property trade has any further connection with the collection of assets of those involved in the riot of the Evil Carnival.
  20. see Carl Roth : The former Basel property of the Margraves of Baden. In: Basler Jahrbuch 1912, p. 196 digitized .
  21. Both names appear in the lists of those killed in the battle of Sempach in 1386 ; the purchase price was 300 Florentine guilders
  22. see also the list of the former margravial properties in Basel
  23. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Baden Historical Commission (Ed.), Volume 1 - Richard Fester (editor): Margraves of Baden 1050–1431, Margraves of Hachberg 1218-1418 , Innsbruck 1892–1900, Regest no. H747
  24. see Rudolf Wackernagel : Geschichte der Stadt Basel , Volume 1, P. 329/330 in the Internet Archive
  25. see Rudolf Wackernagel : Geschichte der Stadt Basel , Volume 1, P. 329/330 in the Internet Archive
  26. ^ See 115. Friendship treaty between the cities of Bern and Solothurn and the Margrave of Hachberg. 1399 May 31. In: Hermann Rennefahrt: The legal sources of the Canton of Bern. First part: city rights. Third volume: The town charter of Bern III. Aarau 1945 collection of Swiss legal sources; accessed on May 6, 2019
  27. ^ Karl Seith : The castle Rötteln in the change of their master families, A contribution to the history and building history of the castle. In: Das Markgräflerland , 3rd year, issue 1, 1931, p. 10 digitized
  28. see also Adila Islamović: New Findings on the Grave Monuments of Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Annas von Freiburg in the Röttler Church near Lörrach. In: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 1/2015, pp. 132–150
  29. ^ Manfred Miller: Baden. Coins and Medals , ISBN 978-3-7481-6359-6, p. 18 ; Friedrich Wielandt : Badische Münz- und Geldgeschichte , 3rd edition, Karlsruhe 1979, ISBN 3-7650-9014-X , p. 11; Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Badische Historische Kommission (Ed.), Volume 1 - Richard Fester (editor): Margraves of Baden 1050–1431, Margraves of Hachberg 1218-1418 , Innsbruck 1892–1900, Regest no. H745 and Regest no. 1399
  30. Julius Weizsäcker (ed.): King Wetzel's first transitional law from the old to the new coin. In: German Reichstag files , first volume, first department 1367 to 1387, Munich, 1868, No. 260, p. 482, footnote 3 digitized
  31. see Wielandt p. 8 and p. 11
  32. Ludwig Fikentscher: The Warmisried Fund. In: Communications of the Bavarian Numismatic Society, Volume 3 (1884), pp. 114-134, here: p. 131 and panel I Fig. 28 Digitized version of the Hamburg State and University Library
  33. ^ Heinrich Buchenau : A find of late medieval small coins in the Matthias Church near Trier. In: Blätter für Münzfreunde, Volume 10, No. 2 (1902), columns 2715-2723, here column 2717, No. 17a digital copy of the SLUB Dresden and ibid panel 145 No. 18a digital copy of the SLUB Dresden
  34. see Wielandt p. 11
  35. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number H690 in the Internet Archive
  36. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number h692 in the Internet Archive
  37. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number h800 in the Internet Archive
  38. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number h677 / h678 in the Internet Archive
  39. see Klaus Schubring : The rule of Neuenstein and Hausen in the Wiesental. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1994, p. 47 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  40. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number H857 in the Internet Archive
  41. Entry Schlechtbach - Discover accommodation on Landeskunde online - leobw
  42. Entry Sattelhof - Discover living space online - leobw
  43. Entry Blumberg - Discover accommodation on Landeskunde online - leobw
  44. Entry Eichenbrunnen - Discover deserted areas online - leobw
  45. Entry Steinighof - Discover accommodation on Landeskunde online - leobw
  46. Entry Steineck - Wüstung to discover regional studies online - leobw
  47. ^ Josef Gisler: Marschalk von Basel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  48. on the economic situation of the house of Schönau and its causes see Klaus Schubring: The consequences of the battle of Sempach (1386). In: Wernher von Schönau-Wehr, Katharina Frings (Hrsg.): Nobility on Upper and High Rhine: Contributions to the history of the barons of Schönau . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 2001, ISBN 3-7930-9282-8 . Pp. 125-139
  49. Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number h859 in the Internet Archive
  50. ^ Albrecht Schlageter: In search of traces. The glassmakers and their huts in the southern Black Forest and Markgräflerland (12th century to around 1680). In: Das Markgräflerland , issue 1/1987, p. 111 (digitized version of the Freiburg University Library)
  51. s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 43
  52. Army register from 1422 . ( Wikisource )
  53. A separate directory was created for the third Hussite crusade.
  54. there 3 gleves, whereby a gleve (originally lance), here: the smallest unit of the cavalry, i.e. H. a knight with three to four men meant
  55. see Schubring Röttler Chronik p. 164/165
  56. see Sven Schomann: Hagen (Lörrach, LÖ): Burg Rötteln. In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz (ed.): The castles in the medieval mash gau II. Southern part. Half band A – K. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , p. 232.
  57. s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Volume 3: M-R. Heidelberg 1919, p. 350. (online at: diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de )
  58. see Paula Hollenweger: The Markgräflerdorf Feldberg and its history. In: Das Markgräflerland Heft 2/1966, p. 80 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  59. ^ Willi Ferdinand Fischer : Rudolf III speaks in the Margrave Crypt in Rötteln. (Poem) In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 2/3 - 1970, p. 77 digital copy of the Freiburg University Library
predecessor Office successor
Otto I. from
1352 to 1358 as guardian of Rudolf III.
Margrave von Hachberg-Sausenberg
until 1384 Otto I as co-regent
1364–1428
Wilhelm