Freiburg (noble family)
Counts of Freiburg called themselves from 1230 a branch of the Counts of Urach after they had inherited the Zähringer in Breisgau and its capital, Freiburg , in 1218. The dynasty was able to maintain dominion over Freiburg for 150 years until 1368. Until 1444 they ruled the Badenweiler dominion in southern Breisgau . From 1395 to 1458 the Counts of Freiburg were also Counts of Welsch-Neuchâtel .
history
The Counts of Freiburg were the descendants of Count Egino V. von Urach († 1236 or 1237). His mother was Agnes von Zähringen, and so Egino inherited the Zähringen after they died out. As Count of Freiburg he called himself Egino I. Under his son Konrad I (1236/1237 to 1271), before 1245 (?) The estate was divided with the Fürstenberg dynasty . As the ultimate successor to the Zähringer dukes, who died out in 1218, the Counts of Freiburg ruled the city of Freiburg and the Breisgau from the 13th century . The area lies in the Upper Rhine Plain around Freiburg and in the adjacent Black Forest. Until 1368, this dynasty of counts exercised a city rule over Freiburg that was not undisputed until the end. The city councils of Freiburg bought themselves out in 1368. Thereafter, the city of Freiburg, as a Habsburg territorial city in Upper Austria, acquired a manorial territory for its part . She acquired the St. Märgen Monastery in the Black Forest with the Vogtei and the associated village lords and properties.
After 1368, the Counts of Freiburg ruled only in their possessions south of Freiburg at Neuenstein Castle in Badenweiler . Johann, the last of the Counts of Freiburg, bequeathed his rule of Badenweiler in 1444 to the sons of his nephew, Margrave Wilhelm von Hachberg-Sausenberg , Rudolf and Hugo, who created the Markgräflerland through the amalgamation of the dominions of Rötteln , Sausenberg and Badenweiler .
The Zähringer inheritance
Since it became apparent for a long time that Berthold V. von Zähringen would remain childless, the potential heirs got in position early on:
- the empire , represented by the Staufers who compete with the Zähringers in Swabia
- the agnates of the House of Zähringen
- the house of Baden - sideline of the Zähringers founded by Hermann after the death of Berthold I († 1078)
- the dukes of Teck - sideline of the Zähringer founded by Adalbert after the death of his brother Berthold († 1186)
- the sisters of Berthold V.
- Agnes von Zähringen, represented by her son Egino V. von Urach
- Anna von Zähringen, represented by her husband Ulrich III. von Kyburg , who acted as her Vogt
- the widow Clementia von Auxonne, a daughter of Stephan III. from Auxonne
When dividing the Zähringen heritage, a basic distinction was initially made between
- Zähringisches Hausgut or Allodialgut
- Reichslehen
- Fiefs of ecclesiastical feudal lords (namely the bishops of Basel , Bamberg and Strasbourg )
- the Wittum .
In addition to lordship and high jurisdiction , the inheritance also comprised a variety of individual other rights that could be very different depending on the location.
Reichslehen
The Hohenstaufen King Friedrich II wanted to use the departure of the Zähringian competitors to strengthen his own domestic power and withdrew the imperial fiefs, which was legally possible. However, there was considerable disagreement as to what constituted imperial fiefs and what belonged to the allod. The emperor drew the cities of Freiburg im Breisgau , Villingen , Rheinfelden , Neuenburg am Rhein , Breisach , Offenburg , Ortenberg , Haslach , Zurich , Freiburg im Uechtland , Solothurn and Bern back to the empire. Rheinfelden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Villingen and Neuchâtel were actually allodial goods. In September 1218 there was a meeting in Ulm of the parties interested in the Zähringen legacy, although the Urachers were not directly represented. In the summer of 1219 the clashes led to an open feud between the Urachers and the king. Ultimately, the Urachers received the imperial fiefs again, and a compromise was reached with the Hohenstaufen.
Allodial goods
This included areas
- in Breisgau
- in the Ortenau
- in the Black Forest and on the Baar ,
which fell to the Counts of Urach,
such as
- Areas in today's Switzerland (in the Alemannic as well as the formerly Burgundian part, i.e. western Switzerland) that fell to the Counts of Kyburg.
It seems that the von Urach and von Kyburg families were largely in agreement on the division of the allodial property. The Kyburgers were able to inherit their legacy without much ado, while the Urach met with considerable resistance from the Hohenstaufen.
Wittum
Berthold V. had designated Burgdorf as Wittum , which did not prevent Egino V. von Urach from imprisoning the widow and making claims to Burgdorf. On December 28, 1224, King Heinrich decreed that Clementia should be released immediately and placed in the possession of Burgdorf. Apparently Egino did not follow this. At least this was decided again at the Reichstag in Mainz in August 1235. Nothing is known about the further life of Clementia, and Burgdorf is later found in the possession of the Counts of Kyburg.
List of the Counts of Freiburg
When looking through literature and documents, there is often confusion because the naming and especially the counting of the bearers of a name is not uniform. Partly the census of the Freiburg Egonen already started with Egino IV. Von Urach , who inherited the Zähringer, - partly with his son, Egino V. von Urach, who was the first to really call himself Count of Freiburg. In some cases, the count only starts with his grandchildren. In the case of the Konrads, the non-rulers are also included in the count. The following is an attempt to provide an overview. In literature, the names Egino (also Egno or Egeno) and Egon are used side by side, and it is written Konrad or Conrad .
Surname | Alternative names | Remarks | Life dates | Government data |
---|---|---|---|---|
Egino IV. Count of Urach | Egino the Bearded; Egino the Elder; Egino I. | inherits the Zähringer since he was a brother of Berthold V of Zähringen was | * around 1160; † January 12, 1230 | 1218-1230 |
Egino V. Count of Urach | Egino I. Count of Freiburg; Egino the Younger; Egino II | calls himself the first Count of Freiburg; With the support of his brother, Cardinal Bishop Konrad von Urach , he can assert himself against the Hohenstaufen in the dispute over the Zähringer inheritance | * around 1185; † 1236/37 | 1230-1236 |
Konrad I. Count of Freiburg | Division of the inheritance with his brother Heinrich Graf von Fürstenberg | * at 1226; † 1271 | 1236 / 37-1271 | |
Egino II Count of Freiburg | Egino III. | is deposed by his son as he mortgages and sells the county step by step | † 1318 | 1271-1316 |
Conrad II. Count of Freiburg | has to grant the city of Freiburg further rights due to financial difficulties | * before 1316; † July 10, 1350 | 1316-1350 | |
Friedrich Count of Freiburg | further financial difficulties lead to pledges and legal concessions to the city of Freiburg | † 1356 | 1350-1356 | |
Klara Countess of Freiburg | Klara Countess Palatine of Tübingen | loses the county of Freiburg to her father's half-brother, Egino III. | † 1368 | 1356-1358 |
Egino III. Count of Freiburg | Egino IV. | Freiburg bought himself free from him and sought protection from the House of Habsburg | † 1385 | 1358-1368 |
Conrad III. Count of Freiburg | Conrad de Friborg | Mr. von Badenweiler; inherits the county of Neuchâtel | * 1372; † April 16, 1424 | 1395–1424 Count of Neuchâtel |
Johann Count of Freiburg | Jean de Friborg | 1444 gives away the rule of Badenweiler to the margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg | * May 26, 1396; † February 19, 1458 | 1424–1458 Count of Neuchâtel |
A son of Eginos II named Heinrich received the southern areas with the rule of Badenweiler in 1272 . The counts from Heinrich's line died out in 1303 without male descendants. Their territory went to the Counts of Strassberg, who were married into this line . The property came in 1385 under Konrad III. to the descendants of the Counts of Freiburg.
coat of arms
After the Zähringer inheritance came about, the Counts of Urach also adopted the Zähringer eagle in their coat of arms to underline their claim to inheritance and power. From their old Urach coat of arms they adopted the blue feh , from which they designed a frame for the eagle. The coat of arms of the sideline of the counts (later princes) of Fürstenberg was further developed over time.
The strange crest in the form of a snowball twice the size of a head was initially equipped with small spheres - later with scales - which were ultimately left out. Bader suspects a ball densely covered with large white pearls.
See also
literature
- Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1894, volume 1, p. 388/389 online with family tree
- Eva-Maria Butz: Noble rule in the area of tension between empire and region. The Counts of Freiburg in the 13th century . Freiburg 2002.
- Heinrich Hansjakob : The Counts of Freiburg in battle with their city, or ... 1867 (historical treatise).
- H. Haumann, H. Schadek (ed.): History of the city of Freiburg. Vol. 1: From the beginning to the "New City Law" of 1520 . Stuttgart 1996
- Joseph Felizian Geissinger: Chronicle of the dukes of Zähringen, the counts of Freiburg and Fürstenberg and the dukes of Teck , manuscript 1798 online at the University of Freiburg
- Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . First part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1764, p. 177 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Johann Daniel Schöpflin : Historia Zaringo-Badensis , Tomus Primus (Volume 1) - 1763: Comites Friburgenses, pp. 221–266 (Latin) online at the University of Freiburg
- Ernst Münch: History of the House and State of Fürstenberg , Aachen and Leipzig 1829; Volume 1–2, p. In Google Book Search
- Document book of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau (edited by Heinrich Schreiber ), online at the University of Freiburg
- Christoph Friedrich von Stälin : Wirtembergische Geschichte (Swabia and Southern Franconia: Hohenstaufenzeit 1080 - 1268) , 1847, p. 451 ff. Online at the University of Freiburg
- Christoph Friedrich von Stälin : Wirtembergische Geschichte (Swabia and Southern Franconia: End of the Middle Ages, 1269 - 1496) , 1856, p. 658 ff. Online at the University of Freiburg
- Josef Bader : History of the City of Freiburg im Breisgau , Volume 1, 1882, pp. 132–301 online at the Heidelberg University Library
- Josef Bader : The Fürstenberg coat of arms explained from old seals , In: Alterthums-Verein für das Großherzogthum Baden: Writings of the Alterthums- und Geschichtsvereine zu Baden and Donaueschingen, 1849 Volume 3 (1849,2), pp. 266-276 online at the university library Heidelberg
- Fritz Geiges : The city of Freiburg under the rule of the Counts of Urach until the transition to the House of Austria. In: Schau-ins-Land Volume 12 (1885), pp. 59–82 online at Freiburg University Library
- Siegmund Riezler : History of the Princely House of Fürstenberg and its ancestors up to 1509. Tübingen 1883, pp. 99–197 online at the Düsseldorf University Library
- Josef Jakob Dambacher : Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 9, 1858, pp. 225-256 online in the Google book search
- Josef Jakob Dambacher: Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (continued). In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 16, 1864, pp. 196-210 online in the Google book search
- Josef Jakob Dambacher: Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (addendum). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 20, 1867, pp. 456-470 online in the Google book search
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Eduard Karl Heinrich Heyck : History of the dukes of Zähringen , Aalen 1980, reprint of the Freiburg im Breisgau editions 1891–1892, p. 491 ff. Online at the University of Düsseldorf
- ↑ s. Bader p. 145
- ^ Frederick II did not become emperor until 1220
- ↑ s. Heyck p. 486
- ↑ s. also Josef Jakob Dambacher : Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg from the 13th century . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine , Volume 9, 1858, p. 228
- ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1894, Volume 1, p. 388 online with family tree
- ↑ s. Bader "the Fürstenberg coat of arms ..."; also on the epitaph of Count Egino III. of Freiburg is documented that the Counts of Freiburg also had the coat of arms carried by their Fürstenberg cousins.
- ↑ 1848–1913 pastor at St. Martin in Freiburg, received his doctorate in Tübingen in 1865 with a historical treatise on the Counts of Freiburg. He later expanded this work.