Rule of Badenweiler

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Neuchâtel-Nidau ​​and Strassberg
The Markgräflerland with the three sub-areas from 1444

The dominion of Badenweiler was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire that belonged to the House of Baden . The rule was named after the municipality of Badenweiler in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district in Baden-Württemberg , which was the main place of the rule.

history

Zähringer, Welfen and Staufer 1061–1218

The origin of the Badenweiler rule has not been proven. It is assumed that the rule arose in connection with the appointment of Berthold I von Zähringen as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona (1061). Berthold - now imperial prince - was no longer under the sovereignty of the Duke of Swabia - at that time it was Rudolf von Rheinfelden . In 1147 Clementia von Zähringen , the daughter of Conrad I of Zähringen , married the Guelph Duke Heinrich the Lion . The castle and lordship of Badenweiler belonged to Clementia's dowry. In 1158 Heinrich the Lion exchanged the rule of Badenweiler with Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa for Schloss Herzberg and Burg Scharzfels at the entrance to the southern Harz , which brought Heinrich the Lion closer to the desired control over the Harz. The marriage was divorced in 1162 because of too close relatives - it was a political alliance against the Hohenstaufen and was thwarted by them. From the Hohenstaufen the rule of Badenweiler came back to the Zähringen , who owned it in 1218 when Berthold V. von Zähringen died . One hypothesis is that Barbarossa already returned the rule of Badenweiler to Berthold IV von Zähringen for support with the second Italian campaign .

The counts of Urach-Freiburg-Fürstenberg and von Strassberg 1218–1444

The Urach Count Egino IV inherited part of the Zähringian possessions in 1218, including those in Breisgau with the capital Freiburg . His son Egino V called himself Count of Freiburg from 1230 . Already under the sons of the second Count of Freiburg, Konrad I , the possessions were divided, with Heinrich receiving the rule of Badenweiler, while his brother Egino inherited the remaining areas with Freiburg. Heinrich's daughter Margarethe was married to Otto Graf von Strassberg when her father died (1303) and inherited the rule of Badenweiler. Imer von Strassberg, Otto and Margarethe's only son, died in 1364 without a male heir. Imers aunt, Verena, was married to Count Heinrich II von Fürstenberg , whose sons Count Heinrich III. von Fürstenberg and Konrad von Fürstenberg, Count zu Wartenberg now took over the inheritance.

With the peace treaty of March 30, 1368 between the city of Freiburg and Count Egino III. of Freiburg Freiburg bought itself free from its counts. Part of the contract was that the city of Freiburg bought the Badenweiler dominion for Egino from his Fürstenberg relatives.

Habsburgs

Eginos son, Conrad III. , pledged the rule to Duke Leopold of Austria in 1398 . Catherine of Burgundy , the wife of Duke Leopold, lived in the castle that Leopold had given her as a pledge.

The pledge to the Habsburgs was not a fortunate coincidence for the residents of the Badenweiler rulership , as they were now drawn into their conflicts with the Swiss Confederation . In 1409, during Katharina's war with the Swiss Confederation, the castle and estate were partially destroyed. In 1412 Duke Friedrich of Austria triggered the rule of Badenweiler again, but he soon pledged it again. The pledges changed several times until Count Johann gave them to his nephews Rudolf IV and Hugo von Hachberg-Sausenberg in 1444 .

Johann had received the rule on March 12, 1418 from Emperor Sigmund , who had taken it from the outlawed Duke Friedrich of Austria .

The lords of Badenweiler until 1444

The series of lords over Badenweiler is not completely traceable until 1444. In particular, the transition from the Hohenstaufen to the Zähringer is not clear and, moreover, the Counts of Freiburg had pledged the rule on various occasions.

Surname Remarks Life dates Government data
Berthold I of Zähringen * around 1000; † 1078 1061-1078
Berthold II of Zähringen * around 1050; † April 12, 1111 1078-1111
Berthold III. from Zähringen * around 1085/1095; † December 3, 1122 1111-1122
Konrad I of Zähringen * around 1090; † January 8, 1152 1122-1147
Henry the Lion his first wife Clementia von Zähringen brought the Badenweiler rulership with her as a dowry * at 1129/1130 or 1133/35; † August 6, 1195 1147-1158
Friedrich Barbarossa exchanges the rule of Heinrich the Lion for two castles in the Harz Mountains * at 1122; † June 10, 1190 1158–?
Berthold IV of Zähringen it is not known when and how the rule came back to the Zähringer * at 1125; † December 8, 1186 ?
Berthold V. von Zähringen it is not known when and how the rule came back to the Zähringer * around 1160; † February 18, 1218 ? -1218
Egino IV. Count of Urach inherits the Zähringer because he was a brother-in-law of Berthold V. von Zähringen * around 1160; † January 12, 1230 1218-1230
Egino V. Count of Urach calls himself the first Count of Freiburg ; With the support of his brother, Cardinal Bishop Konrad von Urach , can assert himself in the dispute over the Zähringer inheritance against the Hohenstaufen * around 1185; † 1236/37 1230-1236
Konrad I. Count of Freiburg Division of the inheritance with his brother Heinrich Graf von Fürstenberg * at 1226; † 1271 1236 / 37-1271
Heinrich Count of Freiburg 1272 partition contract with his brother Egino II. † 1303 1272-1303
Otto von Strassberg his wife inherits the Badenweiler rule † 1315 1303-1315
Imer von Strassberg † 1364 1315-1364
Henry III. from Fürstenberg inherits the rule together with his brother Konrad von Fürstenberg-Wartenberg † 1367 1364-1367
Heinrich IV von Fürstenberg In 1368 Konrad von Fürstenberg-Wartenberg and Heinrich sold the rule to the city of Freiburg, which in turn gave them to Egino III. as part of the ransom 1367/68
Egino III. Count of Freiburg receives the rule as compensation for the sale of his rights to Freiburg; Epitaph in the church of Badenweiler † 1385 1368-1385
Conrad III. Count of Freiburg pledged the rule to the Habsburgs in 1398 * 1372; † April 16, 1424 1385-1398
Leopold of Austria has the rule as a pledge for the debts of Konrad's father * 1371; † 1411 1398-1404
Catherine of Burgundy lives from 1404 to 1406 at Baden Castle in Badenweiler * 1378; † 1425 1404-1412
Friedrich of Austria redeems the rule in 1412, but pledges it again; lost the rule of Badenweiler through Emperor Sigmund in 1418 to Johann von Freiburg * 1382; † 1439 1412-1418
Johann Count of Freiburg 1444 gives away the rule of Badenweiler to the margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg * May 26, 1396; † February 19, 1458 1418-1444

The Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg 1444–1503

Through the donation of the last Count of Freiburg, Johann , the rule came in 1444 to the Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg .

The Margraves of Baden 1503–1535

The Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg fell back to the main line in 1503 due to a contract of inheritance between Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margrave Christoph I of Baden and thus belonged to the Margraviate of Baden .

After his brothers Bernhard and Philipp had declared their consent to the division of the country on July 26, 1515, Margrave Ernst was able to take over the government as governor on August 1, 1515 and, from January 15, 1516, as guardian of his father, Christoph I. Take over parts of the Baden Oberland with the rule of Badenweiler.

The Margraves of Baden-Durlach 1535–1771

In the Baden Oberland there were three upper offices of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach , one of which was the Oberamt Badenweiler, which had its administrative seat in Müllheim since 1725 and was administered by a so-called bailiff as a senior official.

The Margraves of Baden 1771–1803

In 1773 the previous office of Sulzburg was added to the Oberamt Badenweiler of the Margraviate of Baden, which had been reunified since 1771 .

The Electorate of Baden 1803–1806

With the significant increase in the area due to the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss , the Electorate of Baden , which was newly established in 1803, was also forced to reorganize its administrative units. This was done with the organizational edicts, which were designed in particular by Johann Nicolaus Friedrich Brauer . Here the rulers were also dissolved. In the Baden Oberland the Landvogtei Sausenberg was to be created as a central state authority to which the following offices should be assigned:

The Grand Duchy of Baden 1806–1918

In the newly formed Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806 , the administration was also restructured again:

  • Oberamt Schliengen
  • Oberamt Badenweiler
  • Wolfenweiler staff office (announced in June, repealed in October)

With the fall of the old empire, the old territorial units also fell.

coat of arms

The blazon reads: In red, a golden post covered with three black rafters .

Although the Counts of Strassberg were only lords of the Badenweiler rulership for a relatively short period of time (1303–1364), their coat of arms was continued as the coat of arms of the rulership and can also be found as part of the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Baden .

In addition to the municipality of Badenweiler, several other municipalities of the former rule also have the stake with the rafters in the coat of arms. This is also the case in the canton of Neuchâtel - where branch lines of the Counts of Neuchâtel also ruled - where, for example, the municipality of Valangin has a coat of arms that corresponds to that of Badenweiler.

economy

In addition to meadows, forests and grain, there was viticulture and iron ore, which was also processed at Badenweiler.

The domain of domination

The upper bailiwicks of the Badenweiler rulership bordered in the north on Upper Austria and in the south and east on the Landgraviate of Sausenburg and in the west on the Rhine . The lower bailiwicks (see list from Wolfenweiler) were completely enclosed by the region of Upper Austria. The rule belonged to the Baden Oberland .

The rule was divided into bailiwicks.

It included the larger localities listed below. In 1790 the area had a total of around 10,600 inhabitants.

Bailiwicks Year of purchase associated places Remarks coat of arms
Muellheim (Baden) City coat of arms Müllheim.svg
Badenweiler with Oberweiler, Niederweiler , Zunzingen , Schweighof, Sirnitz, Lipburg, Sehringen and Bergwerk Haus Baden and Burg Baden DEU Badenweiler COA.svg
Britzingen with Neuenfels Castle ; Dattingen; Muggardt; Güttigheim Coat of arms Britzingen.png
To run with St. Ilgen and Gallenweiler Coat of arms Sulzburg-Laufen.png
Seefelden with Betberg Coat of arms Seefelden.png
Buggingen DEU Buggingen COA.svg
Hill Home with Zienken the place was first mentioned in 1101. Local rule came to the Counts of Freiburg via the Üsenberger Coat of arms Huegelheim.svg
Wolfenweiler with Leutersberg Coat of arms Wolfenweiler.png
Schallstadt with Föhrenschallstadt Coat of arms Schallstadt alt.png
Haslach DEU Freiburg im Breisgau COA.svg
amounts with Bechtoldskirch (today a desert) 1368 by the Counts of Freiburg Coat of arms quantities.png
Tiengen with Schlatthöfe Coat of arms of Tiengen (Freiburg) .png
Opfingen with St. Nicholas Coat of arms of Opfingen (Freiburg) .png

Ballrechte and Dottingen, which initially belonged to the Staufen rule , had a special position , but were handed over to the Lords of Staufen as a man fief in 1458 by Margrave Karl I of Baden . Only after the Lords of Staufen died out in 1602, the margraves took back the fiefdom and both places were administered together with the old Badenweiler rule, whereby they remained Catholic.

literature

Lexicons

On partial aspects

  • Thomas Simon : manorial rule and bailiwick. A structural analysis of late medieval and early modern rule formation (= studies on European legal history. Vol. 77). Klostermann Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-465-02698-5 (Also: Dissertation, University of Freiburg (Breisgau), 1992).
  • Karl Seith : Castle and rule Badenweiler in the course of history up to the transition to the margraviate of Baden i. J. 1503. In: Das Markgräflerland , Heft 1961/1, pp. 73–83 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  • Karl-Bernhard Knappe: Badenweiler Castle. Aspects of their history . In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1994/2, pp. 70–96 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )
  • Gustav Wever: Chronicle of the bailiwick of Badenweiler , Badenweiler 1869 ( digitized version of the Baden State Library )
  • Christian Philipp Herbst: Chronicle of Britzingen in the Grand Duchy of Baden , Freiburg i.Br. 1841 ( digitized from Google Books )
  • Jakob Bossert: History of the town of Opfingen, which was part of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach in the former Hochberg-Badenweiler rule "lower bailiwick". Poppen, Freiburg i. Br. 1904 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  • Walter Küchlin: Hügelheim - On the rise and fall of the former bailiwick . In: Das Markgräflerland Volume 1/1997, pp. 5–48 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )
  • Walter Küchlin: Chronicle of the Vogtei Hügelheim , 1996
  • Ernst Scheffelt: Badenweiler under Austrian rule , 1947
  • Johannes Helm : Müllheim - A historical overview . In: Das Markgräflerland Heft 2/1989, pp. 7–28 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  • Hans Jakob Wörner : The Markgräflerland - remarks on his historical career. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 2/1994, pp. 56–69, Schopfheim 1994 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )
  • Johann Georg Jacobi : Sr. Hochfürstlichen Highness to the Margrave Carl Friedrich von Baden, on his very happy arrival in his dominion in Badenweiler, presented in the name of the entire worldly and clerical rulers and the communities of the upper office there: in February 1798 , Freiburg 1798 ( digitized by Freiburg University Library )
  • Norbert Fichtlscherer: Catherine of Burgundy - Perseverance to the Dead , 2010
  • Friedrich Feßenbecker: The Counts of Strassberg and their time. A contribution to the history of the former Badenweiler rule. In: Das Markgräflerland, 1964, Issue 1, pp. 34–40 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )
  • Friedrich Feßenbecker: The coat of arms of the district town of Müllheim and that of the former Badenweiler rule. In: Das Markgräflerland, 1965, issue 2, pp. 93-105 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )
  • Wolfdieter Haas : Friedrich Barbarossa and Heinrich the Lion in the exchange of Badenweiler for Reichsgut am Harz (1158). In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine , Volume 131 (1983), pp. 253-269
  • Albert Ludwig : The last church visitation of the 17th century in the Badenweiler rule. In: Das Markgräflerland , issue 2/1930/31, pp. 39–53 ( digital copy from Freiburg University Library )

Web links

Commons : Burg Baden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Müllheim and surroundings  - sources and full texts
  • Entry on Badenweiler in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute

Individual references / comments

  1. ↑ s. Helmet p. 11
  2. ↑ s. Haas p. 257
  3. ↑ s. Joachim Ehlers : Heinrich the lion: biography
  4. ↑ s. Haas p. 267
  5. ^ A sister of Margarethe
  6. ↑ s. Wever p. 16
  7. ^ Heinrich Schreiber (Ed.): Document book of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau (Bd. 1, Abth. 2), 1828 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  8. ↑ s. Wever pp. 19/20; 8 villages and the castle were destroyed
  9. ↑ s. Regesta Imperii XI, 1 n. 3044 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library )
  10. ↑ s. Jean-Daniel Morerod: Strassberg, Otto von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  11. ↑ s. Christelle La Grutta-Robellaz: Strassberg, Imer von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  12. ↑ Katharina von Burgund - "a born regent" ( Memento from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Badische Zeitung , November 30, 2010, accessed on March 11, 2013.
  13. ↑ s. Karl Stiefel : Baden 1648–1952 , Karlsruhe 1979, Volume I, p. 154
  14. ↑ s. also administrative division of Baden # Province of the Margraviate (Badische Margraviate), 1803–1807
  15. ↑ s. also administrative division of Baden
  16. ↑ entry crest of Badenweiler on leo-bw.de
  17. ↑ s. Röder
  18. ↑ s. Roder column 169
  19. ↑ s. Müllheim on leo-bw.de
  20. ↑ s. Badenweiler on leo-bw.de
  21. ↑ s. Niederweiler on leo-bw.de
  22. ↑ s. Zunzingen on leo-bw.de
  23. ↑ s. Schweighof on leo-bw.de
  24. ↑ s. Sirnitz on leo-bw.de
  25. ↑ s. Lipburg on leo-bw.de
  26. ↑ s. Sehringen on leo-bw.de
  27. ↑ s. Britzingen to leo-bw.de
  28. ↑ s. Dattingen on leo-bw.de
  29. ↑ s. Muggardt on leo-bw.de
  30. ↑ s. Güttigheim on leo-bw.de
  31. ↑ s. Running on leo-bw.de
  32. ↑ s. St. Ilgen on leo-bw.de
  33. ↑ s. Gallenweiler on leo-bw.de
  34. ↑ s. Seefelden on leo-bw.de
  35. ↑ s. Betberg on leo-bw.de
  36. ↑ s. Buggingen on leo-bw.de
  37. ↑ s. Hügelheim on leo-bw.de
  38. ↑ s. Zienken on leo-bw.de
  39. ↑ s. Wolfenweiler on leo-bw.de
  40. ↑ s. Leutersberg on leo-bw.de
  41. ↑ s. Schallstadt on leo-bw.de
  42. ↑ s. Föhrenschallstadt on leo-bw.de
  43. ↑ s. Haslach on leo-bw.de
  44. ↑ s. Quantities on leo-bw.de
  45. ↑ s. Bechtoldskirch on leo-bw.de
  46. ↑ s. Tiengen on leo-bw.de
  47. ↑ s. Schlatthöfe on leo-bw.de
  48. ↑ s. Opfingen on leo-bw.de
  49. ↑ s. St. Nikolaus on leo-bw.de
  50. ↑ s. Ball rights on leo-bw.de
  51. ↑ s. Dottingen on leo-bw.de

Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 9 ″  N , 7 ° 40 ′ 6 ″  E