Philip I (Baden)

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Margrave Philip I (* 6. November 1479 , † 17th September 1533 ) had from his father I. Christoph 1515 margravial possessions Baden ( Baden-Baden ), Durlach , Pforzheim and Altensteig and parts of Eberstein , Lahr and Mahlberg adopted and administered as its governor and inherited in 1527. 1524–1527 he held the office of imperial governor in the imperial regiment .

Life

Philipp was the fifth son of Margrave Christoph I of Baden and Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen . His father actually intended to avoid a division of the inheritance and regarded Philip as his son best able to rule the country, to whom he wanted to transfer rule over all his lands. In addition, Philip's marriage to his heir, Johanna , of Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg - a Baden branch - was planned; with that Philip would have become master of a considerable territory. The wedding with the Sausenburg heirloom failed due to the resistance of the French king.

Due to the resistance of his secular brothers, Christoph later changed his will twice. Philip's brother Bernhard III. received the holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, his brother Ernst the southern Baden dominions of Hachberg , Üsenberg , Sausenberg / Rötteln and Badenweiler .

Philip took part in the Italian wars on the French side . In 1501 he commanded a ship of the French auxiliary fleet that supported Venice in the fight against the Turks.

During his reign, Philip was particularly confronted with the usual uprisings. In continuation of the Bundschuh movement and repeatedly under the leadership of Joß Fritz , the peasants in particular rose up and fought for their rights. Assaults and violence increased. Moving through Durlach, the rebels marched to the Gottesau monastery , which was looted and completely destroyed - in front of the margrave's nose. This went against the hometowns of those involved and let z. B. set three houses on fire in Berghausen . The actual destination, however, was the area of ​​Bishop Georg von der Pfalz von Speyer, who eventually fled to the Count Palatine of Heidelberg . Only Elector Ludwig V managed to subdue the rebels with his army in 1525.

Philip I signed the Renchen Treaty with his peasants on May 25, 1525 .

He died in 1533 without a male heir. Of his six children, only his daughter Maria Jakobäa (1507–1580), who had been married to Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria since 1522, survived . His two brothers Ernst and Bernhard III. divided his possessions among themselves - the resulting Margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden existed side by side until reunification in 1771.

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The grave of Margrave Philip I of Baden is in the collegiate church of Baden-Baden .

Grave of Philip I of Baden

His tomb adorns his sculpture in full life size and armor, but without a helmet. The following Latin inscription can be read on the tomb :

SANCTIFIED TO FAITH IN GOD
TO THE ILLUSTRATED PRINCE PHILIPP, MARGRAFS OF BADEN,
A PRINCE CHARACTERIZED BY STRENGTH OF BODY AND BEAUTY OF SHAPE,
WHICH THE KNIGHTING CAREER UNDER CHARLES VIII, KING OF FRANCE;
WHEN THE SIEGE OF MILAN BEGAN,
WHICH COMMANDED PART OF THE FLEET IN THE SIEGE OF MITHYLENE,
WHICH PASSED THROUGH SPAIN AND FRANCE,
WHICH ORDERS OF THE EMPIRE IN GERMANY WAS UNDER EMPEROR KARL V,
WHO ACHIEVED GREAT THINGS ON WATER AND ON LAND,
WHICH AT HOME THROUGH WISDOM AND MODERATION AGAINST THE CITIZENS
THE FATHERLAND DESERVED
- HIM -
TO THE BODY BROTHER,
HAS SERIOUSLY ERECTED THIS MONUMENT BY ITS LAST WILL,
HE LIVED 54 YEARS 10 MONTHS 7 DAYS,
AND DIED IN 1533 ON SEPTEMBER 17TH.

The tombstone dates from 1537 by Christoph von Urach , who created other works in the region.

Marriage and offspring

Margrave Philip I married on January 3, 1503 Elisabeth of the Palatinate (* November 16, 1483; † June 24, 1522), the daughter of the Elector Philip of the Palatinate . The following children were born from the marriage:

  • Marie Jakobäa (born June 25, 1507; † November 16, 1580) ⚭ October 3, 1522 William IV of Bavaria
  • Philipp (1508--16 February 1509)
  • Philipp Jakob (* 1511; † 1511)
  • Marie Eva (November 10, 1513 - November 11, 1513)
  • Johann Adam (* 1516; † 1516)
  • Max Kaspar (* 1519; † 1519)

See also

literature

Individual references / comments

  1. ↑ according to August Huber: About Basel's share in the Röteler succession dispute in 1503 , in: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Volume 4 (1905), p. 84 ( digitized version ), Philip became at the court of Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg and his father Rudolf IV educated
  2. ↑ four other brothers had embarked on a spiritual career
predecessor Office successor
Christoph I. Margrave of Baden
(together with Ernst I and Bernhard III )
1515–1533 		Bernhard III. (Baden-Baden)
Ernst I. (Baden-Durlach)
personal data
SURNAME Philip I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Margrave Philip I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Baden
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1479
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1533