Christoph I. (Baden)

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Christoph I of Baden (painting by Hans Baldung , 1515)

Margrave Christoph I of Baden (born November 13, 1453 in Baden-Baden , † March 19, 1527 in Hohenbaden Castle / Baden-Baden) ruled from 1475 to 1515. In 1503 he reunited the rule of the extinct Baden branch line Hachberg-Sausenberg the Baden homeland.

Life

Detail from the margrave table

Christoph I of Baden was the son of Margrave Karl I of Baden and Katharinas of Austria , the sister of Emperor Friedrich III .

Christoph received a comprehensive school education in Speyer and Freiburg . From May to November 1468 he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem with Eberhard von Württemberg-Urach , where he and his 24 noble companions were knighted by the Holy Sepulcher in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher on July 12, 1468 .

In 1476 he began his rule as margrave together with his brother Albrecht . In 1476 he received the county of Hochberg as an inheritance, so that from this point on Christoph held the margrave dignity alone.

This division of the estate with his brother Albrecht was initially limited to six years, but was made permanent with a final regulation in 1482. However, Albrecht immediately gave his share back to Christoph in return for a pension payment, so that the territory remained de facto undivided. When Albrecht died childless in 1488, the castle and rule of Hochberg finally reverted to Christoph.

The close relationship with the House of Habsburg created by his mother determined Christoph's reign. A year before he took office, he was helping Friedrich III. with troops against Charles the Bold . Under Maximilian I he gained a reputation as a brave and successful general, especially in the Netherlands . The emperor reciprocated by transferring rulers in the west of the empire (including the governorship of Luxembourg ) and by being accepted into the exclusive Order of the Golden Fleece in Mechelen in 1491 .

In 1489 Christoph became a member of the Swabian Federation . This fitted in with his efforts to achieve peaceful coexistence with its neighbors (particularly with Württemberg and the cities of Weil and Strasbourg). In the protection of this south-west German peace, Christoph promoted the internal expansion of his dominion.

Christoph expanded the New Castle of Baden-Baden and took up residence in it in 1479.

The Röttel family and the dispute over the succession

On August 31, 1490, the Margraves Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Christoph signed a contract of inheritance, the so-called "Röttelsche Gemächt". As early as 1490–1493, Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg transferred the administration of his Baden dominions to Christoph. When Philip, the last descendant of the Margraves of Hachberg- Ausenberg, died on September 9, 1503 without a male heir, his dominions in Rötteln , Sausenberg and Badenweiler fell to Christoph.

Christoph quickly occupied the inherited territories and received homage. So he reversed the fragmentation of the properties of the Baden house and rounded off his territory.

Philipp's daughter Johanna became Countess of Neuchâtel after the death of her father and in 1504 married Ludwig von Orléans, who also called himself marquis de Rothelin. With the help of some federal estates and the Kingdom of France, she asserted claims to the Baden rulers. After Johanna's death (1543), her son François continued to call himself marquis de Rothelin and founded the Orléans-Rothelin branch . The dispute with this line was not settled until 1581 with the payment of 225,000 guilders.

The House of Austria also made claims as Landgraves of Breisgau. This dispute was finally settled in 1741 and cost the House of Baden-Durlach another 230,000.

Handing over the government to his secular sons

Physically and mentally weakened, in 1515 he had to cede the reign to his sons Bernhard, Philipp and Ernst. He was unable to enforce the succession plan (Philip as sole heir) that he had planned for 1503 and that was shown on Hans Baldung's margravial table . In 1516 he was placed under the tutelage of his sons; he died in 1527 mentally deranged.

When Philip died without an heir in 1533, his two brothers divided the inheritance between themselves. From 1533 onwards, the margravates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden were created . It was not until 1771 that the country was reunited by an inheritance contract under Margrave Karl Friedrich (after the Baden-Baden line had died out) .

Portraits

Baldung's silver pen drawing

Above all, Hans Baldung created several depictions of the prince. In 2006, Baldung's so-called margrave tablet , a votive picture showing Christoph in front of Anna Selbdritt with his family , caused a sensation when it became clear that this work, which was at times claimed by the family of the margraves of Baden, had belonged to the country since 1930.

Around 1490, Christoph's book of hours, kept in the Badische Landesbibliothek as the manuscript “Durlach 1” , was created in a Parisian workshop , a magnificent manuscript.

Coins showed his likeness, but also a pane of glass donated to the Augustinian monastery in Zurich in 1519. Another pane of glass belongs to the collection of the Duke of Württemberg in Altshausen .

The ruler's motto was: TRIW VND STET ETERNAL (on a 1/8 Güldener from 1501) or TSOE, which can be resolved with TRIW STET ON END (see the book of hours).

Marriage and offspring

Margrave Christoph married Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen , the granddaughter of Count Philipp von Katzenelnbogen, in Koblenz on January 30, 1469 .

The following children emerged from this connection:

  1. ⚭ 1503 Count Franz Wolfgang von Hohenzollern (* 1483/1484; † June 16, 1517)
  2. ⚭ Johann von Ow zu Wachendorf († October 29, 1571)

See also

literature

  • Arthur Kleinschmidt :  Christoph I . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 227-232.
  • Konrad Krimm : Margrave Christoph I of Baden. In: Reiner Rinker, Wilfried Setzler (eds.): The history of Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0439-X , pp. 102–114, 315. (not viewed)
  • Konrad Krimm: Margrave Christoph I and the division of Baden. On the interpretation of the Karlsruhe votive plaque by Hans Baldung Grien. In: ZGO. 138, 1990, pp. 199-215.
  • Fridolin Weber-Krebs: The Margraves of Baden in the Duchy of Luxembourg (1487–1797). (= Contributions to national and cultural history. Volume 6). Trier 2007, ISBN 978-3-933701-26-8 .
  • Friedrich Wielandt : Margrave Christoph I of Baden and the Baden territories. In: ZGO . 85, 1933, pp. 527–611 (not viewed)
  • Friedrich Wielandt:  Christoph I. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 243 ( digitized version ).
  • Friedrich Wielandt: Portrait studies for the book of hours of Margrave Christoph I of Baden. In: ZGO. 128, 1980, pp. 463-475.
  • Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . tape 3 . Lotter, Carlsruhe 1769, p. 1–140 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Late Middle Ages on the Upper Rhine. Painters and workshops 1450–1515. Stuttgart 2002, pp. 445–451: Margrave Christoph von Baden as client
  • Raphael de Smedt (ed.): Les chevaliers de l'ordre de la Toison d'or au XVe siècle: notices bio-bibliographiques. (= Kiel work pieces. D 3). 2nd, improved edition. Frankfurt 2000, pp. 242-244, No. 102.
  • August Huber: About Basel's share in the Röteler succession dispute in 1503. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde . 4, 1905. (digitized version)
  • Josef Bader : An old Baden prince figure. In: Badenia or the Baden region and people. First volume, Heidelberg 1859, pp. 45–87. (online in Google Book Search)
  • Friedrich von Weech : On the history of Margrave Christof I of Baden. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. Volume 26, 1874, pp. 392-406. (online in the Internet Archive)
  • Susan Richter : Dismissed because of stupidity - mental illness as a legitimation strategy for forced change of rulers using the example of Margrave Christoph I of Baden. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. 161, 2013, ISBN 978-3-17-023347-8 , pp. 85-111. urn : nbn: de: bsz: boa-bsz4612168256
  • Christoph von Baden (edited by Ulrich Zasius ): The Marggraff creates Baden statutes and orders in wills, hereditary skin and guardianship , Baden-Baden, 1511 digitized

The inheritance contract is printed in the following article:

  • Johannes Staub: The inheritance contract between Margrave Christoph I of Baden and Margrave Philipp von Hachberg from August 31, 1490. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 1/1991, pp. 93-103.

Web links

Commons : Christoph I. (Baden)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ The date of death (March instead of usually April) according to Wielandt 1980, p. 471.
  2. ^ Fritz Pietzner: Sword leadership and accolade. Postberg 1934, p. 122.
  3. ↑ s. Huber p. 83.
  4. ↑ since 1444 together the "Markgräflerland"
  5. ↑ archiv.twoday.net
  6. ^ Karl E. Demand: The last Katzenelnbogen counts and the struggle for their inheritance. In: Nassau Annals. Volume 66. Association for Nassau Antiquities and Historical Research, Wiesbaden 1955, p. 109 (online)
predecessor Office successor
Charles I. Margrave of Baden
1475–1515 		Philipp , Bernhard III. and Ernst I.
Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg
1503 		united with the margraviate of Baden
personal data
SURNAME Christoph I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baden, Christoph I. von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Baden (1475–1515)
DATE OF BIRTH November 13, 1453
PLACE OF BIRTH Baden-Baden
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1527 or April 19, 1527
Place of death Hohenbaden Castle , Baden-Baden