List of the Margraves and Grand Dukes of Baden

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Regents of the Margraviate of Baden

(the times given are reign times)

  1. Hermann I. (-1074), son of Berthold I and Margrave of Verona
  2. Hermann II , Margrave (1074–1130), first named in 1112 as Margrave of Baden, before that named after Limburg
  3. Hermann III. , Margrave (1130–1160)
  4. Hermann IV. , Margrave (1160–1190)
  5. Hermann V. , margrave (1190–1243)
  6. Hermann VI. , Margrave (1243–1250)
  7. Friedrich I , margrave (1250–1268)
  8. Rudolf I , margrave (1243–1288)
  9. Hermann VII , margrave (1288–1291)
  10. Rudolf II Margrave (1288-1295)
  11. Hesso Margrave (1288–1297)
  12. Rudolf III. Margrave (1288-1332)
  13. Friedrich II. , Margrave (1291-1333)
  14. Rudolf IV. , Margrave (1291–1348)
  15. Hermann VIII. Margrave (1291-1300)
  16. Rudolf Hesso Markgraf (1297-1335)
  17. Hermann IX. , Margrave (1333-1353)
  18. Friedrich III. Margrave (1348-1353)
  19. Rudolf V the alarm clock Margrave (1348–1361)
  20. Rudolf VI. , Margrave (1353-1372)
  21. Rudolf VII Margrave (1372-1391)
  22. Bernhard I , Margrave (1372–1431), in 1415 he bought the Margraviate of Hachberg from Margrave Otto II of Hachberg
  23. Jacob I , Margrave (1431–1453)
  24. Georg , margrave (1453-1454)
  25. Bernhard II Margrave (1453-1458)
  26. Charles I , margrave (1453–1475)
  27. Christoph I , Margrave (1475–1515) inherits the Markgräflerland from Margrave Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg in 1503
  28. ( Jakob II. † 1511 Archbishop of Trier)

Christoph I built the New Castle in the city center of Baden-Baden and moved there in 1479. In 1515 he hands the land over to his three sons Bernhard, Philipp and Ernst, dividing the margraviate into three parts. When Philip died without an heir in 1533, the two brothers split the inheritance between themselves. From 1533 onwards the "Ernestine Line" Baden-Durlach and the "Bernardine Line" Baden-Baden were created. It was not until 1771 that the country was reunited under Margrave Karl-Friedrich by inheritance contract (after the Bernardine line had died out in the male line) and the two margravates of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach were reunited to form the Margraviate of Baden .

Hachberg and Hachberg-Sausenberg

On the Zähringian possessions of Hachberg and Sausenberg im Breisgau, the sideline of the Margraves of Hachberg (later Hochberg) split off in 1190 under Heinrich I. The castle Hachberg in Emmendingen was the center of Hachberger rule, which in the course of the 13th century against the competition of the Counts of Freiburg in the space between the Black Forest and Rhine consolidated. 1306 divided Heinrich III. (1290–1330) and Rudolf I (1290–1313) their legacy. Heinrich received the rule of Hachberg with the city of Emmendingen, Rudolf the rule of Sausenberg with the new ancestral seat, the Sausenburg , and thus the bailiwick of the priests Bürgeln , Sitzenkirch and Weitenau of the St. Blasien monastery , expanded in 1315 to include the rule of Rötteln . In 1415, Margrave Bernhard I of Baden (1372–1431) acquired Hachberg to the north, while Sausenberg to the south fell back to the main line in 1503.

Hachberg

  1. Heinrich I , (1190–1231)
  2. Heinrich II. , (1232-1290)
  3. Henry III. , (1290-1330)
  4. Henry IV , (1330-1369)
  5. Otto I. , (1369-1386)
  6. Johann , (1386-1409)
  7. Hesso , (1386-1410)
  8. Otto II. , (1410-1415)

On July 25, 1415, Margrave Otto II von Hachberg sold the Hachberg castle and estate to Margrave Bernhard I of Baden . Otto II died in 1418 and with him the Hachberg-Hachberg line became extinct.

1584–1590 there was in Jakob III. von Baden-Hachberg for a short time again a margrave of Baden-Hachberg, who came from the Baden-Durlach line.

Hachberg-Sausenberg

  1. 1306–1312 Rudolf I , 1311 becomes co-ruler of the Rötteln rule
  2. 1312–1318 Heinrich , in 1315 received the Rötteln rule as a gift
  3. 1318–1352 Rudolf II. , 1332 Basel troops lay siege to his castle in Rötteln
  4. 1318–1384 Otto I , brother of Rudolf II, co-regent
  5. 1352–1428 Rudolf III. , Son of Rudolf II, increases the rule of Rötteln; his tomb and that of his second wife, Anna von Freiburg, in the Röttler church are considered to be important testimonies of Gothic art on the Upper Rhine
  6. 1428–1441 Wilhelm , as a diplomat in the service of the Duke of Burgundy ; 1436 protector of the Council of Basel
  7. 1441–1487 Rudolf IV. , He received the rule of Badenweiler from Johann, the last Count of Freiburg, and united the areas in 1444 to form the Markgräflerland ; Councilor and Chamberlain of Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy; In 1451/52 he accompanied King Friedrich III. for his imperial coronation in Rome
  8. 1441–1445 Hugo , brother of Rudolf IV.
  9. 1487–1503 Philipp , in 1490 concludes an inheritance contract with Margrave Christoph I of Baden , the so-called "Röttelsche Gemächte"

The Markgräflerland, created from the union of Sausenberg, Rötteln and Badenweiler, fell to the Margraviate of Baden in 1503 after Philip's death , although his heir, Johanna , Countess of Neuchâtel , married Ludwig von Orléans-Longueville in 1504 .

Regents of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden ("Bernardine Line")

The seat of the Catholic Baden-Baden line has been the New Castle in Baden-Baden since 1479 . In 1705 the seat was moved to the baroque residence in Rastatt .

Name (life data) Reign Remarks
Bernhard III. from Baden.jpg Bernhard III.
(7 October 1474 - 29 June 1536) 		1515-1536 Son of Margrave Christoph I of Baden . Since 1515 he has been the guardian regent for the margraviate's holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, as his father Christoph fell ill with a mental illness. Was able to keep this property even after the death of his father in 1527 and after the death of his brother Philip I founded the House of Baden-Baden in 1533 - therefore also called the Bernardine Line after him .
Philibert Baden.jpeg Philibert
(born January 22, 1536 in Baden-Baden, † October 3, 1569 in Montcontour) 		1536-1569 Son of Bernhard III. Until 1554 it was under a guardianship government. Tolerant of questions of faith and loyal to the emperor. Probably murdered after a battle against the Huguenots.
Philip II Baden.jpeg Philip II
(born February 19, 1559 in Baden-Baden; † June 7, 1588 ibid) 		1569-1588 Son of Philibert. Until 1577 it was under the guardianship of Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria . He continued the sometimes violent recatholicization of Baden-Baden by his guardian and pursued the witch hunt at its first peak. Died childless.
Eduard Fortunat von Baden.jpg Eduard Fortunat
(born September 17, 1565 in London, † June 18, 1600 in Kastellaun Castle / Hunsrück) 		1588-1596/1600 Son of Margrave Christoph II from the Baden-Baden-Rodemachern branch and cousin Philipps II. After his childless death, he also inherited Baden-Baden and gave Rodemachern to his brother Philipp III. from. His lavish lifestyle increased the country's debt and entered into an improper marriage, which in 1594 led to the occupation of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden by his cousins Ernst Friedrich and Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach and the expulsion of Eduard Fortunat. The margraviate was led back to Protestantism under the rule of Durlach; Eduard Fortunat's children were declared unequal.
Wilhelm I of Baden.jpg Wilhelm
(born July 30, 1593 in Baden-Baden; † May 22, 1677 ibid) 		1600 / 1622-1677 After the death of his father Eduard Fortunat in 1600 he formally inherited Baden-Baden, but was unable to reign in the country that was forcibly administered by the Durlach line and was brought up in Cologne and Brussels under the tutelage of Archduke Albrecht of Austria . He only succeeded in gaining reign after the battle of Wimpfen in 1622 with the help of the emperor and his general Tilly . He immediately pursued a strict policy of recatholization and led the witch hunt to a new high point in the middle of the Thirty Years War. In 1631 he was expelled again by the Swedes under Gustaf Horn and was only able to regain Baden-Baden through the Peace of Prague in 1635 and finally in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
Ludwig Wilhelm Baden.jpg Ludwig Wilhelm
(born April 8, 1655 in Paris, † January 4, 1707 in Rastatt) 		1677-1707 Son of the Hereditary Prince Ferdinand Maximilian and grandson of Wilhelm. In 1677 he inherited Baden-Baden, but initially left the government to its councilors, as the margrave, known as "Türkenlouis", fought almost constantly as a commander in the service of the emperor against the Ottomans and later against the French. He moved his residence to Rastatt Castle , which he did not live to see its final completion.
Ludwig Georg Simpert of Baden-Baden.jpg Ludwig Georg Simpert
(born June 7, 1702 in Ettlingen, † October 22, 1761 in Rastatt) 		1707 / 1727-1761 Son of "Türkenlouis", whom he also followed in the government. However, it was under the tutelage of his mother Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg until 1727 , whose reign was one of the most formative times for the margraviate. Also known as the “Jägerlouis” because of his passion for hunting.
August Georg Simpert of Baden-Baden.jpg August Georg Simpert
(born January 4, 1706 in Rastatt; † October 21, 1771 ibid) 		1761-1771 Was the brother of Margrave Ludwig Georg Simpert, whose hereditary princes all died young. He carried out a large number of reforms in the social field and in the last years of his reign he was particularly anxious to negotiate inheritance with the Durlach line, as the Bernardine line would be inevitable due to a lack of heir. After his death, the entire margraviate (according to the house contract of 1535) fell to Karl Friedrich von Baden-Durlach , who was able to reunite the Baden property.

Regents of the margraviate of Baden-Rodemachern

The Baden-Rodemachern line split off from the Bernardine line as a secondary school in 1556, but inherited the main line in Baden-Baden after it died out in 1588. However, the new margrave of Baden-Baden from the Rodemachern line did not reunite the margraviate Baden-Rodemachern the older margraviate of Baden-Baden, but passed it on to his brother.

  1. 1556–1575 Christopher II.
  2. 1575–1588 Eduard Fortunat (since 1588 Margrave of Baden-Baden)
  3. 1588-1620 Philip III.
  4. 1620–1665 Hermann Fortunat
  5. 1665–1666 Karl Wilhelm Eugen

Regents of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ("Ernestine Line")

The Baden-Durlach line (until 1565 Baden-Pforzheim) turned to Protestantism in 1556. The residence of the margraves was Pforzheim until 1565 , then the Karlsburg in Durlach and from 1715 the Karlsruhe Palace .

Name (life data) Reign Remarks
Margrave Ernst of Baden Detail.JPG Ernst
(* October 7, 1482 in Pforzheim; † February 6, 1553 in Sulzburg) 		1515-1553 Son of Margrave Christoph I of Baden . Since his disempowerment in 1515 regent in the southern Baden Oberland . After the death of his brother Philip I in 1533 and the division of the margraviate into two parts, he founded the house of Baden-Pforzheim (later Baden-Durlach) - also called the Ernestine Line after him .
Karl II copperplate engraving v Muenze.JPG Charles II
(born July 24, 1529 in Sulzburg, † March 23, 1577 in Durlach) 		1553-1577 Ernst's son. From 1552 regent together with his half-brother Bernhard , after his death in 1553 sole margrave. In 1556, after the Peace of Augsburg, he planned to introduce the Reformation . Relocated the residence to the Karlsburg castle in Durlach in 1565.
Ernst Friedrich v Baden Durlach copper engraving v Muenze 3.jpg Ernst Friedrich
(born October 17, 1560 in Mühlburg, † April 14, 1604 in Remchingen) 		1584-1604 Son of Karl II. Guardianship government by Margravine Anna von Pfalz-Veldenz and various Protestant princes until 1584. Renewed division of the country, with Ernst Friedrich Durlach and Pforzheim, his first brother Jakob III. (1562–1590) Hachberg and his second brother Georg Friedrich Rötteln - Sausenberg received. Supported a high school Illustre in Durlach. In 1594, he took Eduard Fortunat's indebtedness as an opportunity to militarily occupy the upper margraviate of Baden-Baden ( occupation of Upper Baden ). In 1599 he rejected the concord formula and converted from Lutheranism to Calvinism , which led to unrest.
Georg Friedrich Baden Durlach.JPG Georg Friedrich
(born January 30, 1573; † September 24, 1638 in Strasbourg) 		1604-1622 Son of Charles II. Regent of the Oberland since 1595, after the death of his older brother in 1604 sole Margrave of Baden-Durlach and de facto also Baden-Baden. Devout Protestant and founding member of the Protestant Union . He abdicated in 1622 in favor of his son in order to become a military leader in the Thirty Years' War . Defeat at Wimpfen .
Friedrich V detail.JPG Friedrich V
(born July 6, 1594 in Sulzburg, † September 8, 1659 in Durlach) 		1622-1659 Son of Georg Friedrich. Occupation and sacking of Baden-Durlach by imperial troops. In order to avoid the edict of restitution, allied with the Swedes in 1631 and conquered Baden-Baden and parts of the Breisgau with their support. Fled to Basel after the lost battle near Nördlingen . Was declared deposed by the emperor; smash his margravate. Restoration of the margraviate through the Peace of Westphalia .
Friedrich VI of Baden-Durlach 2 Detail.jpg Friedrich VI.
(* November 16, 1617 at Karlsburg, Durlach; † January 10, 1677 or January 31, 1677 ibid) 		1659-1677 Son of Frederick V General in the Swedish Army. Called the estates for the last time . Fought in the Turkish War 1663/1664 and in the Dutch War on the side of the Habsburgs, was 1674 Empire Field Marshal .
Friedrich Magnus Baden Durlach 1775.JPG Friedrich VII. Magnus
(born September 23, 1647 in Ueckermünde; † June 25, 1709 in Durlach) 		1677-1709 Son of Frederick VI. Mainly devoted to domestic politics. Occupation and extensive destruction of the margraviate by French troops in the Palatinate (1688–1697) and Spanish War of Succession (1701–1714). The margrave escapes to Basel .
Huber Carl III.Wilhelm.jpeg Charles III Wilhelm
(* January 1679 in Durlach; † May 12, 1738 in Karlsruhe) 		1709-1738 Son of Frederick VII. Officer in the War of the Spanish Succession, 1715 Imperial Field Marshal General. Ruled as absolute ruler , restructured the state finances and created a reliable administration. In 1715 he laid the foundation stone for his new residence, palace and city of Karlsruhe .
Karl Friedrich von Baden.jpg Karl Friedrich
(born November 22, 1728 in Karlsruhe; † June 10, 1811 there) 		1738 / 1746-1811 Son of the Hereditary Prince Friedrich (1703–1732). Until 1746 guardianship government by Prince Karl August . Enlightened absolutist ruler and supporter of the physiocracy . 1771 Reunification of Baden after the Baden-Baden line died out. Final loss of the left bank of possessions by the War of the First Coalition , however, rise as ruler of Napoleon graces: 1803 Elector , 1806 Grand Duke and joining the Rhine Confederation . Major expansion of Baden through the annexation of the Electoral Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine, the Breisgau , the Ortenau as well as secularization and mediation .

Grand Dukes of Baden

After the death of Grand Duke Ludwig as a direct descendant of the Zähringer line , this line died out in the male line . The succession thus fell to the descendants of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich from his second marriage to Countess Hochberg ( who was only ennobled by an imperial decree at Karl Friedrich's request) (see also Kaspar Hauser ). This “morganatic” line ruled from 1830 to 1918.

  1. Karl Friedrich , Margrave (1746–1803), Elector (1803–1806), Grand Duke (1806–1811)
  2. Karl Ludwig Friedrich , Grand Duke (1811–1818)
  3. Ludwig I , Grand Duke (1818–1830)
  4. Leopold , Grand Duke (1830-1852)
  5. Ludwig II. (1852–1856) deposed † 1858
  6. Frederick I , Grand Duke (1856-1907) (Regent 1852-1856)
  7. Friedrich II , Grand Duke (1907–1918), abdication and resignation from the throne on November 22, 1918

literature

  • Michael Buhlmann: Benedictine monasticism in the medieval Black Forest. A lexicon. Lecture at the Black Forest Association St. Georgen eV, St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, November 10, 2004, Part 1: AM. (= Vertex Alemanniae, H. 10/1). St. Georgen 2004, p. 37
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , pp. 225-226.
  • Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515, published by the Baden Historical Commission, Vol. 1, edited by Richard Fester, Innsbruck 1892
  • Uwe A. Oster: The Grand Dukes of Baden 1806–1918 . Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7917-2084-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Seith : The castle Rötteln in the change of their master families, A contribution to the history and building history of the castle . Reprint, published by Röttelbund eV, Haagen, o. O .; OJ, p. 12.