Bernhard I (Baden)
Margrave Bernhard I of Baden (* 1364 ; † April 5, 1431 in Baden-Baden ), ruled the margraviate of Baden from 1372 to 1431.
history
Bernhard was the son of Margrave Rudolf VI. († March 21, 1372) and Matilde von Sponheim († November 1, 1410).
He and his brother Rudolf VII signed an inheritance contract in 1380 when they were of age, according to which the margraviate could only be divided into a maximum of two parts as a male. Rudolf VII then received the southern areas from Ettlingen via Rastatt to Baden-Baden , he himself the areas around Durlach and Pforzheim .
Bernhard had his headquarters at Hohenbaden Castle , high above the thermal baths of the city of Baden . During his reign he expanded the castle to include the Gothic lower castle and led the branch line of the Margraves of Baden-Hachberg back into the main line.
Bernhard I, who ruled for more than 50 years, gave Baden a new, tight administration; through an official constitution he created a law firm with lawyers and trained clerks, headed by a chancellor. During his time he led many disputes with the cities of Strasbourg , Speyer and with King Ruprecht , against whom he also joined the Marbacher Bund . He was in conflict with the towns of Breisgau and Alsace because of excessive tariffs, and he resisted robbery and looting. In 1402 and 1403 he led a feud with the Lords of Schauenburg .
Under the mediation of King Sigismund , who it temporarily with the bailiwick had invested Breisgau, there was a short peace. For 80,000 guilders he acquired the rule of Hachberg and some areas in the Oberland in 1415 . In 1425 he secured an entitlement to the county of Sponheim an der Nahe .
His successor Jakob I expanded the castle into a palace with over 100 very representative rooms.
Marriage and offspring
Bernhard I of Baden married Margarete von Hohenberg († February 26, 1419) in his first marriage in 1384 . The marriage, which was divorced in 1393, had no children, Margarete then married Count Hermann von Sulz and had three children with him:
- Rudolf III. von Sulz ⚭ Ursula von Habsburg-Laufenburg
- Anna von Sulz ⚭ 1406 Friedrich von Hohenzollern
- Half Count Heinrich von Sulz ⚭ 1. Ursula ⚭ 2. Quiteria von Münsingen
In his second marriage, he married Anna von Oettingen on September 15, 1397 (* around 1380; † November 9, 1436). The following children were born from this marriage:
- Anna (March 15, 1399; † after December 6, 1421) ⚭ May 11, 1409 Ludwig IV of Lichtenberg († August 28, 1434)
- Beatrix (* June 24, 1400; † 1452) ⚭ July 11, 1411 Count Emich VII. Von Leiningen-Hartenburg († 1452)
- Matilde (* 1401; † 1402)
- Margarete (* January 25, 1404; † November 7, 1442) ⚭ March 1, 1418 Count Adolf II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (* 1386; † 1426)
- Jakob (born March 15, 1407; † October 13, 1453 in Mühlburg)
- Agnes (born March 25, 1408; † January 1473 in Ebersteinburg )
- ⚭ June 2, 1432, Count Gerhard VII of Holstein-Schauenburg (* 1404; † July 24, 1433 )
- got engaged to Hans von Hewen († after 1467) in 1434
- Ursula (* October 24, 1409; † March 24, 1429)
- ⚭ 1422 Count Gottfried IX. von Ziegenhain († March 9, 1425)
- ⚭ 1426 Duke Ulrich II of Teck († 1432)
- Bernhard (* 1412; † 1424)
- Brigitte (* 1416; † after July 24, 1441), nun
- Rudolf (* 1417; † 1424)
and the following illegitimate children:
- Bernhard, canon in Basel
- Anna, († May 12, 1449) ⚭ 1439 Paul Lutran von Ertrin
Bernhard's bones are buried in the collegiate church in Baden-Baden.
See also
literature
- Friedrich von Weech: Bernhard I., Margrave v. Bathing . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 415 f.
- H. Dietrich Siebert: Bernhard I., Margrave of Baden. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 109 ( digitized version ).
- Richard Fester : The acquisition of the dominions of Hachberg and Höhingen by Margrave Bernhard I of Baden . in: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, NF Volume X., 1895, pp. 650–667 in the Internet Archive
- Richard Fester: Margrave Bernhard I and the beginnings of the Baden territorial state , 1896 online as an article in Badische Neujahrsblätter 6
- Johann Christian Sachs: Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . Second part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1767, p. 177–296 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Rudolf VI. |
Margrave of Baden until 1391 together with Rudolf VII. 1372–1431 |
Jacob I. |
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Bernhard I. |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bernhard I of Baden |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Margrave of Baden (1372–1431) |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1364 |
DATE OF DEATH | April 5, 1431 |
Place of death | Baden-Baden |