Feud between the Lords of Schauenburg and Bernhard von Baden

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The feud between the Lords of Schauenburg and Bernhard von Baden in 1402 and 1403 was the result of an inheritance dispute that turned into a military conflict.

root cause

In 1387 Wolf von Eberstein was forced to sell half of his County Eberstein to his neighbor, the Baden margrave Rudolf VII . In addition to the county itself, this trade also included castles outside of it, including Windeck Castle near Bühl and the Schauenburg near Oberkirch. Rudolf's brother, Margrave Bernhard von Baden , exercised feudal sovereignty over the latter since 1399. With the death of Ludwig Winterbach von Schauenburg, his line died out. However, the castle was owned by several families from Schauenburg , each of whom had been enfeoffed with a sixth or third of the castle ( Ganerbeburg ). This protest, when the Margrave Henry Steward of Höfingen on the ground wanted to borrow against the amount of Ludwig Winterbach of Schauenburg, that they as Ganerben were entitled to inherit each other.

Siege and passage

The margrave decided to siege the Schauenburg. It was completely enclosed by the episcopal property, as the diocese owned the pledge over half of the Ortenau bailiff. On July 17th, men of Archduke Leopold IV of Habsburg , who was allied with Bernhard, invaded episcopal territory on the way to the Schauenburg near Offenburg. The Strasbourg bishop Wilhelm II von Diest reminded the margrave in a letter dated July 25, 1402 of a treaty concluded between them not to harm the bishop's subjects when passing through. The Austrian troops besieged the castle for ten days, devastating the area around Offenburg. Then they left without having achieved anything.

The margrave complained on August 1 that the bishop's people had wounded and captured his soldiers instead of feeding them to his castles and allowing them to go through as required. Attempts to mediate between margrave and bishop by the city of Strasbourg initially failed. On 23/24 On September 1st, however, the city in Lichtenau bei Kehl managed to arrange an arbitration date with the bishop for October 6th. It was also made clear that "the margrave may seek and damage his enemies through the bishop's land". Hans Beger, the bailiff of the Strasbourg bishop, opposed this agreement, whereupon he and " his servants and poor people " on the Saturday after St.Matthew's day, that is on September 23, 1402, by the officers of the margrave, Bernhard von Thierstein , Johannes Ulrich von Pfirt and probably also his vassal Johannes Schäfer , were slain in a field near Rouffach . At the point where this incident occurred, on Baslerweg, there was still a stone cross around 1900, which commemorated this incident. At that time, however, it was almost completely sunk into the ground. It was popularly known as s Sperwers Kreuz because it was said that a man had died there by a sparrowhawk . The Begers were a widely ramified clan and were among the oldest ministerials of the Strasbourg bishops.

In order to avoid the conflict with the Bishop of Strasbourg and to settle the dispute that had arisen, Bernhard intervened in the matter on October 19, 1402 from Pforzheim and asked in writing on behalf of himself and the Duke of Austria, Master and Council of Strasbourg, the friends to ask the slain to discuss the matter with him, so that " no great misfortune may come of it ". Johann von Lupfen , Landgrave of Stühlingen, wrote the same request at the same time .

On September 28, the margrave complained again that the episcopal bailiff Gerspacher had wounded, stabbed or captured many of his servants and bailiffs. The city had, however, reached a provisional armistice by January 1, 1403. This was extended until February 2, 1403, because the margravial councilor Schwarzgraf von Hohenzollern was unable to attend the first appointment.

Conflict with Ruprecht

On November 7, 1402, Bernhard had concluded an alliance with the Duke of Orleans . Bernhard would lend him soldiers for his wars in exchange for 2000 guilders and would be neutral in an attack against the Reich . This was intended as a means of pressure against the German King Ruprecht , who refused to comply with Bernhard's demands. In spring 1403 Ruprecht demanded the dissolution of the alliance. The negotiations between the two failed on March 26, 1403 in Bruchsal. On behalf of the emperor, Eberhard von Württemberg , the Strasbourg bishop, the lords of Lichtenberg , Basel and the Alsatian cities ravaged the margraviate of Baden from April 1st to 7th . In the subsequent peace negotiations, Bernhard had to dissolve the alliance, but received the Rhine tariffs at Seltz , which he had initially been concerned with.

output

As early as March 1403, the Schauenburgers had crossed the Rhine bridge at Kehl and attacked Austrian subjects in Alsace in order to build up pressure for the pending negotiations. On the 19th they promised to submit to the judgment of the Baden feudal court by December 25th. After the conflict continued to smolder, the final conference was held in Baden-Baden on September 24th. One of the Schauenburgers, who had been guaranteed safe conduct, was granted the right to be enfeoffed with Ludwig's share. However, this was only possible after all cast members had sworn that Ludwig came from their line. The margrave did not receive the castle. When the county of Eberstein was finally divided in 1404, the Schauenburg remained in the Eberstein part.

literature

  • Berta von Schauenburg: The feud of the Lords of Schauenburg with the Margrave Bernhard of Baden, 1402–1403. In: The Ortenau. Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden. Issue 28, 1941, pp. 121-126, digitized .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philipp Ruppert (ed.): Regesten des mortenauer nobility. 2: The Schauenburg. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . Volume 39, 1885, pp. 83-182, here pp. 147 ff .; Text archive - Internet Archive
  2. ↑ a b c Theobald Walter: The grave inscriptions of the district of Upper Alsace from the oldest times to 1820. Verlag der J. Boltzeschen Buchhandlung, Gebweiler 1904, p. 22, archive.org
  3. ↑ a b Baden historical commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Volume 1: Richard Fester : Margraves of Baden 1050–1431. Margraves of Hachberg 1218–1428. Wagner, Innsbruck 1900, document no.2056; and Philipp Ruppert (ed.): Regesten des mortenauer nobility. 2: The Schauenburg. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. Volume 39, 1885, pp. 83-182, here p. 147; Text archive - Internet Archive .
  4. ↑ The inscription read: “† In the Jor do man || zalt from the birth of Cristi || M • CCCC • II Jor on Samsdage || after sa || nt Mat || hey there || ge sta || rp Hans || Beger || a noble || servant"
  5. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Volume 1: A-Ha. Winter, Heidelberg 1898, p. 51, digitized .
  6. ↑ cf. also: Jacob von Königshoven : Die Alteste Teutsche so wol Allgemeine As in particular Alsace and Strasbourg chronicles. Städel, Strasbourg 1698, digitized version .