Habsburg-Laufenburg

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Coat of arms of Laufenburg with the Habsburg lion

The House of Habsburg-Laufenburg was a side line of the Habsburgs from 1232/34 to 1408 , but never achieved the importance and power of their relatives. In Switzerland and in what is now southern Baden, the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg gained a certain importance.

history

In the years between 1232 and 1234 there was a division of ownership and administration between the brothers Albrecht IV of Habsburg (the founder of the older lineage) and Rudolf III. von Habsburg (the founder of the Laufenburg line, then Rudolf I of Habsburg-Laufenburg). The division, of which we only have knowledge from an arbitration certificate issued around 1238/39, did not show actual territorial effects until around 1270. The Laufenburg possessions were in Frickgau with the seat of Laufenburg Castle , in Albgau with Hauenstein Castle , in Aargau with Stein Castle, as well as in Obwalden , Eastern Switzerland and the County of Klettgau . The establishment of a comprehensive territorial rule did not succeed. The renaming to Laufenburg is a rarely documented name, first used in 1257. The counts themselves always named themselves only after Habsburg, in the 14th century sometimes with the addition of Herr zu Laufenburg.

The Laufenburg around 1654

Through the marriage of Rudolf III. von Habsburg-Laufenburg († 1315) with Elisabeth von Rapperswil , the sister of the last Count of Rapperswil , Johann I inherited the extensive estates of the Rapperswilers in Zürichgau and the city of Rapperswil . Johann was drawn into the dispute over the Zurich guild revolution in 1336 because of his debts and was killed in 1337 in the battle of Grynau against the Zurich mayor Rudolf Brun . His underage children grew up at the court of the Habsburgs.

In 1350 Johann II participated in the attempt ( Murder Night of Zurich ) to overthrow Mayor Brun in Zurich because his opponents had promised him a debt relief. However, the plan was betrayed and the count was imprisoned for three years in Zurich in the Wellenberg . There he wrote the Minnelied blawe Blümli which Goethe discovered on his third trip to Switzerland and his poem The little flowers beautifully / song of the captive Count reworked. The fortresses in Rapperswil and Altendorf were destroyed by Brun. Johann was only released again after an intervention by his relatives, but in 1354 he had to sell his goods on the upper Lake of Zurich to Duke Albrecht of Austria and swear a feud to the city of Zurich .

The counts' right to mint was pledged to the city of Laufenburg in 1363, and in 1408 it finally went to the city. Until 1386, most of the possessions of the House of Habsburg-Laufenburg went to the main line of the Habsburgs , including the town and castle of Laufenburg . Johann IV. , The last of the Laufenburg line, died in 1408 without any male descendants entitled to inherit. In 1410, his daughter Ursula married Count Rudolf III. The Landgraviate of Klettgau came from Sulz to the Counts of Sulz .

Root list of the Habsburg-Laufenburg line (Rudolfinian line)

  1. Rudolf the Silent , III. Count of Habsburg, then I. Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg (1227–1249) ⚭ Gertrud (documented 1243–1253), daughter of Lütold VI. Barons of Regensberg Coat of arms Regensberg.svg
    1. Wernher († probably July 1253)
    2. Gottfried I (gen. 1239, † 1271), Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg ⚭ Adelheid, daughter of Egino (Egon) V. Count of Urach -Freiburg (? ⚭ II Elisabeth von Ochsenstein )
      1. Rudolf III. (1270–1314), Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg
        ⚭ (I) 1296 Elisabeth († 1309), from the house of the Counts Rapperswil Rapperswiler CoA.svg (widow of Ludwig I Count of Homberg )
        ⚭ (II) Maria von Oettingen († 1369)Coa Germany Family Oettingen.svg
        1. Johann I (1310–1337), Count von Habsburg-Laufenburg, Landgrave of Klettgau, ⚭ Agnes von Werd († after 1354), daughter of Sigismund von Werd, Landgrave in Lower Alsace
          1. Johann II. , Il Conte Menno (1337 (underage) - † 1380), Count of Neu-Rapperswil (Wellenberg) ⚭ Verena von Neufchatel-Blamont
            1. Johann III. († 1392), Count von Rotenberg in Sundgau until 1389, then in Klettgau zu Krenkingen
          2. Rudolf IV. (* Around 1322 - 1383), Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg, Landgrave in Sisgau and Klettgau, Governor in Swabia and Upper Alsace ⚭ 1354 Elisabeth Gonzaga of Mantua (1354-1384)Coat of arms of the House of Gonzaga (1328-1389) .svg
            1. Johann IV. (Around 1355–1408), Count von Habsburg-Laufenburg, Landgrave in Klettgau, Governor of Austria in Thurgau, Aargau and the Black Forest ⚭ Agnes von Landenberg-Greifensee
              1. Ursula ⚭ Rudolf III. Landgrave in Klettgau († between 1434/54, Landgrave from 1408), from the house of the Counts of Sulz , Klettgau line
                1. Johann
                2. Rudolph
                3. Alwig (X. von Sulz)
              2. Agnes († probably soon after 1409)
              • illegitimate:
              1. Mauriz (1409, 1415)
              extinct line
            2. NN († 1451) ⚭ (around 1400) Maximilian (Smasmann) von Rappoltstein Rappoltstein.PNG
          3. Gottfried II. (1337 (underage) –1375), Landgrave in Klettgau until 1365, Count of Alt-Rapperswil ⚭ (I) Agnes von Teck Teck Arms.svg ; (II) NN from Ochsenstein
          4. Adelheid († before 1370) ⚭ Heinrich IV. Count of Montfort-Tettnang Coat of arms Montforter.svg
          5. Agnes, choirwoman in the Säckingen Abbey (occupied 1354)
          6. Katharina, nun in the Königsfelden monastery
          7. Verena († after 1356) ⚭ (I) Philippino Gonzaga of Mantua (1328-1356) Coat of arms of the House of Gonzaga (1328-1389) .svg; (II) Burkhard VIII. Count von Hohenberg zu Nagold (1346 / 57–1362 / 81?)
          8. Elisabeth ⚭ (around 1362) Johannes II (around 1346–1424) Truchsess von Waldburg COA Family Waldburg.png
          9. NN, canon in Hohenburg
        • illegitimate with Elisabeth von Strättlingen
        1. Peter of Dietikon
      2. Gottfried († 1271)
    3. Rudolf II († 1293), Bishop of Constance
    4. Otto (documented 1252–1254), Teutonic Knight
    5. Eberhard I. (? After 1253–1284), Count of Kyburg ⚭ 1273 Anna von Kyburg Coat of arms Kyburgerr.svg → founder of the House of Habsburg-Kyburg (Neu-Kyburg) Coat of arms of the Vogtei Thurgau.svg (extinguished in 1417, then to Habsburg)
    • illegitimate, assignment uncertain:
    1. Rudolf von Dietikon, canon of Zurich

The Laufenburger line died - in the male line - on May 18, 1408 with the death of Johann IV.

literature

  • Alex Baumgartner: What Habsburg is doing in the Habsburg office . In: Rontaler Brattig . 2002, p. 63–67 ( ortsnames.ch [PDF; 2.5 MB ; accessed on August 21, 2010]).
  • Christoph Brunner: On the history of the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg. Aspects of a South German Dynasty in the Late Middle Ages , Samedan 1969.
  • Andre Gutmann: Habsburg-Laufenburg. In: Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. Counts and Lords , ed. by Werner Paravicini , arr. by Jan Hirschbiegel , Anna Paulina Orlowska and Jörg Wettlaufer (= Residences Research Vol. 15.IV, edited by the Residences Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen), Ostfildern 2012, pp. 541-550.
  • Bruno Meyer: Studies on the Habsburg House Law II / III. In: Swiss Journal for History 27 (1947), pp. 36-60 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-76468 ).
  • Bruno Meyer: Habsburg-Laufenburg and Habsburg-Austria. In: Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Geschichte 28 (1948), pp. 310–343 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-76876 ).
  • Arnold Münch: The Laufenburg Mint: Contributions to the history of the Swiss-Upper Rhine coinage from the 14th to 17th centuries, along with an outline of the history of the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg. In: Argovia 8 (1874), pp. 318-418 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-21231 ).
  • Arnold Münch: Regesta of the Counts of Habsburg, Laufburg line 1198–1408. In: Argovia , 10 (1879), pp. 123-298 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-22568 )
  • Arnold Münch: Regesta of the Counts of Habsburg, Laufburg line 1198-1408 - second part. In: Argovia , 18 (1887), pp. 1–100 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-28008 )
  • Arnold Münch: Regesta of the Counts of Habsburg, Laufburg line 1198–1408 - second part, second half. In: Argovia , 19 (1888), pp. 1-42 ( doi: 10.5169 / seals-28571 )
  • Fridolin Jehle: Laufenburg - The common city. 1979, various ss.
  • Georg von Wyß, Karl Bartsch:  Habsburg-Laufenburg, Count Rudolf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pp. 284-288. (Family item)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ at a young age; In a letter dated July 30, 1253, “Gotfrid, Rudolf, Otto and Eberhard, Counts of Habsburg, brothers and their mother Gertrud” make donations to Wettingen for the salvation of the deceased. According to Count Eberhard and Anna v. Kyburg , Kapitel in Argovia , annual journal of the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau, 10 (1879), p. 166 ( pdf , there p. 11) - inventory of all documents of the time.
  2. ↑ a b Elisabeth von Ochsenstein after Gottfried II., Count von Habsburg-Laufenburg , entry in geneall.net (there the marriages in a different order; this could also be the unclear second wife of Gottfried I).
  3. ↑ order of children unclear; possible: Johann - Adelheid - Agnes - Rudolf - Elisabeth - Katherina - Gottfried
  4. ^ After Habsburg-Laufenburg and Neu Kyburg (pdf, on habsburg.net) the family died out with Mauritius † 1408.