Collegiate Church (Baden-Baden)

Collegiate church
Denomination :	Catholic
Patronage :	Peter and Paul
Consecration year :	first time before 1500
Parish :	Pastoral care unit Baden-Baden, Dekanat Baden-Baden
Address:	Market square, Baden-Baden

Coordinates: 48 ° 45 ′ 46.6 "  N , 8 ° 14 ′ 28.3"  E

Collegiate Church from the North, 2009

Collegiate Church from the North, 1867

The collegiate church in Baden-Baden is the burial place of the Margraves of Baden . The church and parish belong to the Catholic pastoral care unit Baden-Baden in the dean's office in Baden-Baden .

history

Collegiate church tower shaft Romanesque

Collegiate church with a floral capital

The basilica , built in Romanesque style, is located directly on the Florentinerberg in the old town of Baden-Baden. 14 margraves of the margraviate of Baden found their final resting place here. The church was first redesigned in the 15th century in the late Gothic style that was customary at the time . It received its current spire in the 18th century. At the same time, the interior was redesigned in Baroque style. The church owes its current appearance to a regotization carried out in 1867.

The church is dedicated to the holy apostles Peter and Paul . The late Gothic figures of the church patron flank the main portal. The four basement floors of the church tower are still of Romanesque origin. The octagonal bell chamber above is Gothic and the triple hood was put on in 1751. In addition to the already mentioned graves of the margraves, which are located in the choir , the interior of the church also contains a well-known late Gothic tabernacle and a crucifix by Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden from 1467.

The elaborately designed epitaph of the margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden occupies a special position among the graves of the margraves . The figure of Ludwig Wilhelm is surrounded by figures that symbolize wisdom , bravery and justice .

Regotisation in 1867

In the course of the regotisation in 1867, the church received a new roof with additional upper windows in the central nave. At the same time, a first heater was installed, which was operated with hot thermal water, a probably unique church heating. This plant remained in operation until the 1950s. Furthermore, the interior was partially painted, the organ was rebuilt and a new bell was purchased.

Renovation 1952/53

During a further renovation in 1952/53, which mainly served to protect against the ongoing threat from the thermal springs, some of which rose under the church, the windows in the central nave were bricked up again. The roofs of the aisles were restored to their original height. The stained glass windows that exist today were designed by Willy Oeser in 1953.

Interior renovation in 1967

Choir and people's altar since 1967

The current condition of the interior is largely due to a purifying renovation in the years 1966-67. In the course of various measures against re-penetrating, mineral-rich thermal water, a barrier made of blast furnace cement and a new exposed aggregate concrete floor were installed. Only the floor of the choir was preserved in its original state because of the grave slabs. The benches were completely rebuilt using the old baroque side parts. A new folk altar was built under the triumphal arch, using the table from the former neo-Gothic high altar in part. The high altar that had been preserved up to this point was completely removed like all other side altars and pulpits that were still in existence. Relics of a former neo-Gothic side altar are still stored in the tower chamber. The interior was painted with a gray color that is now rather dreary.

In the late 1990s, renovation and thermal insulation of the roof beams, windows and the outer facade began on the main and side aisles. These measures were continued and completed from 2006 in the area of ​​the choir area.

Because of the former collegiate monastery, the state is still obliged to build in the area of ​​the choir.

Furnishing

Tombs

Tombs of the Princely House

The tombs of the Princely House are all in the choir. The rows are from left to right, looking towards the former high altar.

Epitaph Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden

• Margrave Jacob II († 1511)
• Margrave Christoph I († 1527)
• Margravine Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen († 1517)
• Margrave Leopold Wilhelm († 1671) and Maria Franziska († 1702)
• Margrave Friedrich IV , Bishop of Utrecht († 1517)
• Margrave Bernhard III. († 1536)
• Margrave Eduard Fortunats († 1600)
• Margrave Philip I († 1533)
• Margrave Philip II († 1588)
• Margrave August Georg († 1771)
• Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm († 1707)
• Margrave Phillibert († 1569) and Mechthild of Bavaria († 1565)
• Margravine Maria Viktoria († 1793)

A memorial plaque by Friedrich Weinbrenner for the members of the Princely House, whose bones rest under the nameless grave slabs, is above the small archway to the Marienkapelle. There is also a note that the bones of Margrave Bernhard I lie under the steps of the high altar.

Tombs for "officials at the court" in the tower area

• Johann Anton Wandel, Cantor at the Collegiatstift
• Hans Madriba, court architect († 1524)
• Salome Gressin, "benefactor" of the house of God († 1741)
• Karl Heinrich Orselaer, civil servant at the margravial court († 1646)

Tomb in the Lady Chapel

• Bernhard, first provost of the collegiate monastery († June 5, 1475)

Tomb opposite the Madonna picture "Our Lady von Petsch"

• Franz Wolfgang Hornus, founder of the Madonna picture

Works of art

Detailed view of the sacrament house

Madonna

Stone cross of Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden

In the apex of the choir, the monumental stone cross of Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden from 1467 has stood in place of the high altar since 1967. The coat of arms of Ulrich the Scherer, Bader and Surgeon is carved into the stone base - probably the person who commissioned the cross. Until 1967 it stood in the former cemetery of what is now the Old Catholic Hospital Church. The cross is 6.47 m high, including the base, and made from a single limestone.

Sacrament house

The extremely artfully crafted late Gothic tabernacle on the left pillar of the choir morning was probably built around 1490 during the reign of Margrave Christoph. A part of the vault that had not collapsed miraculously saved it from destruction during the great fire in 1689. With five floors, it reaches a height of 12.85 m at the top of the finial and is surrounded by rich branches and roots. The resemblance to a giant monstrance is unmistakable. Figures from the Old and New Testaments are grouped around the tabernacle.

St. Christopher

The depiction of St. Christopher , a figure made of sandstone with a height of 1.42 meters, was probably made around 1490. It was attached to a tower pillar at the southwest side entrance of the church.

Madonna

The Madonna, also carved from sandstone, with a size of 1.05 meters is located in the Marienkapelle in front of the left aisle of the church. It was created around 1500 and restored in 1987; during this restoration its scepter was added.

Organs

The history of the organs goes back to the 16th century. An organ repair is reported as early as 1558. This plant fell victim to the great city fire in 1689.

Johann Andreas Silbermann organs, 1753

In 1753, the Strasbourg organ builder Johann Andreas Silbermann (1712–1783) built two new organs for the collegiate church. On the one hand, he is building a small organ for the choir. This work had four registers (C – c ³ : Bourdon 8 ′, Prestant 4 ′, Doublette 2 ′, Fourniture III 1 ′). In the course of the dissolution of the monastery, this organ was given up. It perished in the chaos of war in 1944.

In 1753, Silbermann also built a new main organ with two manuals and an independent pedal . However, the tongue registers provided are not installed for cost reasons. On November 10, 1753, the organ was finished. The installation of the reeds Cromorne 8 ′, trompette bass 8 ′ and trompette disk. 8 ′ took place in 1797 by the Baden-Baden organ builder Georg Hladky. The free loop of the Vox humana 8 ′, however, was occupied by a viola da gamba 8 ′.

During the 19th century, the instrument was rebuilt several times by the Durlach organ building workshop Louis Voit . Voit removed the Rückpositiv , gradually rearranged the organ and set up a free-standing console. In 1904 they were no longer satisfied with the mechanical work and sold it to the St. Cyriakus Church in Karlsruhe-Bulach . The Silbermann case and 49 pipes of the Bourdon 8 ′ from 1753 are still located there today. The work was pneumatized by Voit when it was installed. It is still preserved in this condition.

In the mid-1980s it was planned to buy back the remains of the former Silbermann organ that still existed in Karlsruhe-Bulach. Missing parts were to be reconstructed in a project comparable to the two Basel Silbermann organs in the Prediger and Leonhard Church. This company, like a new building of a "German-Romantic" sound concept proposed by the Monument Office, with continued use of all Voits registers that had been preserved, was not implemented.

20th century

The Silbermann organ was replaced in 1905 by a new building by the organ building company Heinrich Voit & Sons (Dulach). The new pneumatic main organ had 43 registers on three manuals and a pedal and was hung on the tower wall for reasons of space. The instrument had two swell mechanisms and u. a. the registers Labialoboe 8 ′ and Labialschalmei 8 ′ . Voit also built these labial tongues in the organ of the St. Boniface Church in Karlsruhe (1908). In 1928, Voit's work was expanded to include eight “baroque registers”. The Heidelberg music director Philipp Wolfrum made the planning .

After the war, the instrument was rebuilt from 1953 to 1954 based on suggestions from Walter Supper (Esslingen) and the organist of the collegiate church Otto Schäfer. It was expanded to 56 registers with four manuals and pedal. A remote control unit was set up as a fourth manual on a gallery above a side entrance. The case from 1905 was redesigned according to suggestions from Walter Supper and the console was placed under the main organ, as was the case with the Voit organ. The actions were electrified. As part of this renovation, around 60% of Voit's pipes were melted down. The work was carried out by the Karlsruhe-Durlach company Carl Hess Orgelbau for 39,810 DM. A very low price for the number of newly built pocket shops and registers, which a short time later also had a painful effect on the Hess company.

Current situation

Today's Rohlf organ from 1990

Towards the end of the 1970s, the Voit / Hess organ became increasingly prone to failure. An elaborate general renovation of the desolate main organ was discarded, only the remote control was subjected to a fundamental overhaul around 1979. In 1987 the organ builder Johannes Rohlf (Neubulach) received the order to build a new organ using some good Voit pipes. The Rohlf organ has 31 registers on three manuals and pedal and has two channel tremulants and the Nachtigall effect register . The timeless case is based on Silbermann's dimensions. The organ was inaugurated on December 23, 1990. The actions are mechanical. In spring 2006 the main organ was cleaned and "toned down".

I Rückpositiv C – g 3 1. Reed flute 8th' 2. Principal 4 ′ 3. Coupling flute 4 ′ 4th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 5. Octave 2 ′ 6th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ 7th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 8th. Mixture III 1' 9. Cromorne 8th' Tremulant

II Hauptwerk C – g 3 10. Bourdon 16 ′ V 11. Principal 8th' 12. Gemshorn 8th' V 13. Octave 4 ′ 14th Wooden flute 4 ′ 15th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 16. Octave 2 ′ 17th Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 18th Cornett V (from c 1 ) 8th' 19th Trumpet 8th'

III echo C-g 3 20th Bourdon 8th' V 21st Dulciana 8th' V 22nd Transverse flute 4 ′ 23. Flageolet 2 ′ 24. Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 25th Basson-Hautbois 8th' Tremulant nightingale

Pedals C – f 1 26th Sub bass 16 ′ V 27. Octave 8th' V 28. Octave 4 ′ H 29 Mixture IV 4 ′ H 30th Bombarde (wood) 16 ′ 31. Trumpet 8th'

• Coupling: I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
• Remarks

V = takeover from Voit (1905)

H = takeover of Hess (1954)

In 1998, an electronic organ with 30 registers was installed in the choir room for church services and orchestral masses on major public holidays.

The distant organ ("Gospel organ"), built by Carl Hess in 1954

The remote work , which could be played from the fourth manual of the Hess organ, has been preserved to this day. It has 10 stops on a manual mechanism and pedal. After almost 20 years of downtime, the remote plant was reactivated in March 2009. The electrical action has been revised and an additional midi interface has been added. Alternatively, the Fernwerk can also be played by the third manual of the Rohlf organ using optoelectronic contacts.

Fernwerk C – g 3 1. Metal flute 8th' 2. Quintadena 8th' 3. Praestant 4 ′ 4th Coupling flute 4 ′ 5. octave 2 ′ 6th Terzian II 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ 7th Quintzimbel II 2 ⁄ 3 ′

Remote control pedal C – f 1 8th. Covered bass 16 ′ 9. Hollow flute bass 8th' 10. Dolcan 4 ′

Bells

In 1948, nine bells by Albert Junker, Brilon were cast in special bronze from Brilon. The arrangement comes from the music director Otto Schäfer (1876-1967), the bell inscriptions from the pen of Reinhold Schneider . The bells were consecrated on October 17, 1948, the first ringing took place on October 23, 1948. The electrolytic copper from the wrecked U-boats of the Kriegsmarine and procured by the Baden-Badener Stadtwerke cost 240,000 RM, the cast including transport 30,000 DM. The existing rolled steel bell cage from 1935 was reused. In 2007, the previously un-ringable measuring bell in the roof turret was fitted with a ringing machine. This small bell was cast by Froschauer & Gachot in Rastatt in 1791.

No.	Surname	Weight (kg)	Diameter (mm)	Nominal
1	Christ King	4250	2010	g sharp 0 -3
2	Ave Maria	2502	1690	h 0 +1
3	St. Joseph	1796	1550	cis 1 −3
4th	St. Peter	1317	1360	dis 1 ± 0
5	St. Paul	1116	1275	e 1 +1
6th	St. Bernhard	788	1130	f sharp 1 ± 0
7th	St. Elisabeth	579	1000	g sharp 1 +2
8th	St. Anna	393	900	ais 1 +5
9	Guardian Angel	331	850	h 1 +4
10	Measuring bell	?	310	d 3

literature

• Baden-Baden Collegiate Church . 3. Edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2002, ISBN 3-7954-4254-0 .
• Ilas Bartusch: The restoration of the margravial Baden grave in the collegiate church of the city of Baden after its destruction in 1689 , in: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine 157 (2009), pp. 249-300.
• Stiftskirchengemeinde Baden-Baden (Ed.): The organ of the Catholic collegiate church of Our Lady Baden-Baden, commemorative publication for the inauguration of the new Rohlf organ, 4th Sunday in Advent, December 23, 1990 . Baden-Baden 1990.
• Stiftskirchengemeinde Baden-Baden (ed.): 50 years of the chimes of the Liebfrauen collegiate church in Baden-Baden 1948–1998 . Baden-Baden 1998, OCLC 315224792 .
• Stiftskirchengemeinde Baden-Baden (ed.): 1000 years of the church in Baden-Baden 987–1987 . Baden-Baden 1987.

Web links

Commons : Stiftskirche Baden-Baden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• The collegiate church at zum.de
• The Rohlf organ of the collegiate church on the builder's side
• History and further details of the organs ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
• Stiftskirche Liebfrauen on the website of the pastoral care unit Baden-Baden
• Website of the collegiate church
• Virtual tour through the collegiate church Baden-Baden
• Catalog of inscriptions: City of Baden-Baden, sacrament house