Burning herbs

Burning herbs
	Shrubby Cinderella ( Phlomis fruticosa )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Lamioideae
Genre :	Burning herbs
Scientific name
	Phlomis
	L.

Phlomis ( Phlomis ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

description

Illustration from Flora Europaea inchoata , panel 53 of the purple burnt herb ( Phlomis purpurea )

Vegetative characteristics

The Phlomis TYPES grow as a perennial herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or shrubs . Stems and leaves are more or less densely tomentose and hairy with star-like or tree-shaped trichomes ; Glandular hairs are present in some species.

The opposite leaves are undivided. The leaf margin is whole or serrated.

Generative characteristics

A few or many flowers are in close or spaced apart pseudo whorls . If bracts are present, then they are subulate to ovate. The half whorls are usually not stalked. The flowers are usually sessile.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are röhrig to Röhrig-bell-shaped fused. The calyx has five to ten nerves and ends in five equal or unequal calyx teeth. The yellow, pink, purple or white crown is zygomorphic and clearly two-lipped. The upper lip is arched and rimmed like a helmet. The lower lip is protruding, three-lobed with a large central lobe and two small, blunt side lobes. Of the four stamens , two are shorter and two are longer. They have a downwardly directed tooth below the middle. They are shorter than the corolla tube or protrude beyond it, but do not protrude beyond the upper lip. All four stamens are fertile. The scar branches are uneven.

The partial fruits of the Klausenfrucht are triangular ovoid with a blunt end and a bald or hairy surface.

Phlomis armeniaca

Phlomis brevilabris

Phlomis crinita

Phlomis cypria

Wind fire herb ( Phlomis herba-venti )

Italian fire herb ( Phlomis italica )

Woolly fire herb ( Phlomis lanata )

Fuzzy fire herb ( Phlomis lychnitis )

Purple burnt herb ( Phlomis purpurea )

Russel fire herb ( Phlomis russeliana )

Samos fire herb ( Phlomis samia )

Sticky fire herb ( Phlomis viscosa )

Systematics

The genus Phlomis belongs to the tribe Lamieae in the subfamily Lamioideae within the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

There are around 91 species of phlomis :

Phlomis amanica Vierh. : It is endemic to the Turkish province of Hatay .
Phlomis angustissima Hub.-Mor. : The home is southwestern Turkey .
Phlomis anisodonta Boiss. : There are two subspecies:
- Phlomis anisodonta subsp. anisodonta : It occurs in northern Iraq and Iran .
- Phlomis anisodonta subsp. occidentalis Jamzad : It occurs in Iran.
Phlomis antiatlantica J.P. Peltier : The homeland is Morocco .
Phlomis armeniaca Willd. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis aucheri Boiss. : The homeland is western Iran.
Phlomis aurea Decne. : The home is the Sinai Peninsula .
Phlomis bourgaei Boiss. : The homeland is southwestern Turkey and the East Aegean islands.
Phlomis bovei Noë : There are two subspecies:
- Phlomis bovei subsp. bovei : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia .
- Phlomis bovei subsp. maroccana Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
Phlomis brachyodon (Boiss.) Zohary ex Rech. F. : There are two subspecies:
- Phlomis brachyodon subsp. brachyodon : It occurs from Syria to Arabia .
- Phlomis brachyodon subsp. damascena (Bornm.) Sam. : It occurs in Syria.
Phlomis brevibracteata Turrill : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus .
Phlomis brevidentata H.W.Li : The homeland is Tibet .
Phlomis brevilabris Honorary B. ex Boiss. : The home is Syria .
Phlomis bruguieri Desf. : The distribution area extends from southeastern Turkey to western Iran.
Phlomis brunneogaleata Hub.-Mor. : The home is southern Turkey.
Phlomis bucharica rule : Home is Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan .
Phlomis cancellata Bunge : The range extends from Transcaucasia to northwest Afghanistan .
Phlomis capitata Boiss. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis carica Rech. F. : The home is southwestern Turkey.
Kashmiri fire herb ( Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. ): The range extends from Afghanistan to the western Himalayas .
Phlomis cashmirica Wells : Home is Kashmir .
Phlomis chimerae Boissieu : The home is southern Turkey.
Phlomis chorassanica Bunge : The homeland is northeastern Iran.
Phlomis chrysophylla Boiss. : The homeland is Syria and Palestine .
Crete citrus herb ( Phlomis cretica C. Presl ): The home is Greece and the islands of the Aegean Sea .
Phlomis crinita Cav. : There are three subspecies:
- Phlomis crinita subsp. crinita : It only occurs in eastern Spain .
- Phlomis crinita subsp. malacitana (Pau) Cabezudo, Nieto Caldera & T.Navarro : It only occurs in central Spain.
- Phlomis crinita subsp. mauritanica (Munby) Murb. (Syn .: Phlomis mauritanica Munby ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
Phlomis cuneata C.Y.Wu : The homeland is Tibet.
Phlomis cyclodon Knorring : Home is Tajikistan .
Phlomis cypria Post : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus.
Phlomis dincii Yild. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis drobovii Popov : Home is Central Asia.
Phlomis elliptica Benth. : The homeland is western and southern Iran.
Phlomis elongata Hand.-Mazz. : The home is Iraq.
Phlomis floccosa D.Don : It is native to Egypt , Libya , Tunisia and in Greece the island of Karpathos and the East Aegean islands.
Phlomis fruticetorum Gontsch. : The homeland is eastern Tajikistan .
Shrubby Cinderella ( Phlomis fruticosa L. ): The distribution area includes the eastern Mediterranean and extends from Sardinia to Greece with a few outposts in Anatolia and Cyprus. In addition, there are feral deposits from ornamental plant culture, for example in the Crimea and Transcaucasia or in Spain.
Phlomis ghilanensis K. Koch : The home is northern Iran.
Phlomis grandiflora H.S.Thomps. : The homeland is southern and southwestern Turkey and the eastern Aegean.
Wind fire herb ( Phlomis herba-venti L. ): There are five subspecies:
- Phlomis herba-venti subsp. herba-venti : It occurs in southern Europe , Morocco and Algeria.
- Phlomis herba-venti subsp. kopetdaghensis (Knorring) Rech. f. (Syn .: Phlomis kopetdaghensis Knorring ): It occurs in southern Turkmenistan and Iran.
- Phlomis herba-venti subsp. lenkoranica (Knorring) Rech. f. (Syn .: Phlomis lenkoranica Knorring ): It occurs from Transcaucasia to southern Turkmenistan .
- Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps (Syn .: Phlomis pungens Willd. ): It occurs in Northwest Africa and from Southeast Europe to Iran.
- Phlomis herba-venti subsp. urmiensis Jamzad : It occurs in Iran.
Phlomis hypoleuca Vved. : The home is Central Asia .
Phlomis integrifolia Hub.-Mor. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis isiliae Yild. : The home is Turkey.
Italian fire herb ( Phlomis italica L. ): The home is the Balearic Islands .
Phlomis kotschyana Hub.-Mor. : The homeland is Turkey and Syria.
Phlomis kurdica Rech. F. : The distribution area extends from eastern Turkey to western Iran and Israel.
Woolly fire herb ( Phlomis lanata Willd. ): This endemic occurs only on Crete .
Phlomis lanceolata Boiss. & High. : The distribution area extends from Turkey and Iraq to Iran.
Phlomis leucophracta P.H.Davis & Hub.-Mor. : The home is southern Turkey.
Phlomis linearifolia Zakirov : The homeland is Tajikistan .
Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Balansa : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis longifolia Boiss. & Blanche : The home is the eastern Mediterranean.
Phlomis lunariifolia Sm . : The homeland is Turkey and Cyprus.
Phlomis lurestanica Jamzad : It occurs in Iran.
Fuzzy fire herb ( Phlomis lychnitis L. ): The home is Portugal , Spain and France .
Phlomis lycia D.Don : Home is the eastern Aegean Sea and southwestern Turkey.
Phlomis majkopensis (Novopokr.) Grossh. : The home is the northern Caucasus region .
Phlomis mazandaranica Jamzad : It occurs in Iran.
Phlomis mindshelkensis Lazkov : It occurs in Kazakhstan .
Phlomis monocephala P.H.Davis : The home is southern Turkey.
Phlomis nana C.Y.Wu : The homeland is Tibet .
Phlomis nissolii L .: The homeland is Turkey.
Phlomis nubilans Zakirov : The homeland is Tajikistan .
Phlomis nyalamensis H.W.Li : The homeland is Tibet.
Phlomis olgae rule : Home is Tajikistan.
Phlomis olivieri Benth. : The homeland is Iraq and Iran.
Phlomis oppositiflora Boiss. & Hausskn. : The homeland is eastern Turkey.
Phlomis orientalis Mill .: The home is Transcaucasia and western Iran.
Phlomis pachyphylla Rech. F. : The homeland is western and southwestern Iran.
Phlomis persica Boiss. : The home is Iran.
Phlomis physocalyx Hub.-Mor. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis pichleri Vierh. It is endemic to the Greek islands of Karpathos , Kasos and Saria .
Phlomis platystegia Post : The homeland is Israel .
Phlomis polioxantha Rech. F. : The homeland is northern Iraq and western and southwestern Iran.
Purple fire herb ( Phlomis purpurea L. ): There are two subspecies:
- Phlomis purpurea subsp. caballeroi (Pau) Rivas Mart. (Syn .: Phlomis caballeroi Pau ): It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
- Phlomis purpurea subsp. purpurea : It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and Spain.
Phlomis regulii Popov : The home is Central Asia.
Phlomis rigida Labill. : The range extends from Turkey to western Iran.
Russel Cinderella ( Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Lag. Ex Benth. ): The home is northern Turkey.
Phlomis salicifolia rule : Home is Central Asia.
Samos smut herb ( Phlomis samia L. ): The range extends from the Balkan Peninsula to Turkey.
Phlomis sewerzowii rule (Syn .: Phlomis angrenica Knorring ): The home is Central Asia .
Phlomis see ana Rech. F. : The home is Turkey.
Phlomis sintenisii Rech. F. : The homeland is eastern Turkey.
Phlomis spinidens Nevski : The home is Tajikistan .
Phlomis stewartii Hook. f. : The homeland is eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan .
Phlomis syriaca Boiss. : The distribution area extends from southern Turkey to Israel.
Phlomis tathamiorum R.M.Haber & Semaan : The homeland is northern Lebanon.
Phlomis tenorei Soldano (Syn. Phlomis ferruginea Ten. Nom illeg.): This endemic occurs only in southern Italy .
Phlomis tenuis Knorring : The home is Central Asia.
Phlomis thapsoides Bunge : Home is Tajikistan.
Phlomis tomentosa rule : Home is Tajikistan.
Phlomis trineura Rech. F. : The home is northern Afghanistan.
Sticky fire herb ( Phlomis viscosa Poir. ): The range extends from southern Turkey to Israel.
Phlomis zenaidae Knorring : Home is Central Asia ( Tien Schan ).

The following no longer belongs to the genus Phlomis :

Phlomoides hybrida (Zelen.) Kamelin & Makhm. (Syn. Phlomis hybrida Zelen. )
Cinderella ( Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench , Syn. Phlomis tuberosa L. ): It is the only species from this family group that can still reach Central Europe.

literature

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species of plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Phlomis , pp. 143-147 - online with the same text as the printed work . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 17: Verbenaceae through Solanaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Arthur Huber-Morath: Phlomis. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7 (Orobanchaceae to Rubiaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1982, ISBN 0-85224-396-0 , pp. 102 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phlomis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 . (on-line).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Panayiotis Dimopoulos, Thomas Raus, Erwin Bergmeier, Theophanis Constantinidis, Gregoris Iatrou, Stella Kokkini, Arne Strid, Dimitrios Tzanoudakis: Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. (= Englera. 31). Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem / Hellenic Botanical Society, Berlin / Athens 2013, ISBN 978-3-921800-88-1 , p. 108.
^ Robert Desmond Meikle : Flora of Cyprus. Volume Two (Valerianaceae to Polypodiaceae) . Bentham-Moxon Trust & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London 1985, ISBN 0-9504876-4-3 , pp. 1320 .
^ OE Knorring: Phlomis. In: BK Shishkin (ed.): Flora of the USSR. Founded by Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov. Volume XXI: Labiatae (Eremostachys - Ocimum), Keter / Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Jerusalem / Washington, DC 1977, ISBN 0-7065-1560-9 , pp. 46-47 (English, translated by the staff of Israel Program for Scientific Translations; Russian original: Botanicheskii institut, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow / Leningrad 1954, p. 64), digitized .
↑ Ramón Morales: Phlomis . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Ramón Morales, Alejandro Quintanar, Francisco José Cabezas, Antonio José Pujadas, Santos Cirujano (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. XII. Verbenaceae - Labiatae - Callitrichaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 2010, ISBN 978-84-00-09041-8 , p. 206-214 (Spanish).
^ Nicholas J. Turland, Lance Chilton, J. Robert Press: Flora of the Cretan Area. Annotated Checklist and Atlas . The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London 1993, ISBN 0-11-310043-4 , pp. 98 (English).
↑ Yasaman Salmaki, Shahin Zarre, Olof Ryding, Charlotte Lindqvist, Agnes Scheunert, Christian Bräuchler, Günther Heubl: Phylogeny of the tribe Phlomideae (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) with special focus on Eremostachys and Phlomoides: New insights from nuclear and chloroplast sequences. In: Taxon. Volume 61, No. 1, 2012, pp. 161-179, (abstract) .

Web links

Commons : Fire Herbs ( Phlomis ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Phlomis , pp. 143-147 - online with the same text as the printed work . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 17: Verbenaceae through Solanaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .

[FT7-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Arthur Huber-Morath: Phlomis. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7 (Orobanchaceae to Rubiaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1982, ISBN 0-85224-396-0 , pp. 102 .

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phlomis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2018.

[MCh-4] Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 . (on-line).

[CheckGR-5] Panayiotis Dimopoulos, Thomas Raus, Erwin Bergmeier, Theophanis Constantinidis, Gregoris Iatrou, Stella Kokkini, Arne Strid, Dimitrios Tzanoudakis: Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. (= Englera. 31). Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem / Hellenic Botanical Society, Berlin / Athens 2013, ISBN 978-3-921800-88-1 , p. 108.

[FCy-6] Robert Desmond Meikle : Flora of Cyprus. Volume Two (Valerianaceae to Polypodiaceae) . Bentham-Moxon Trust & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London 1985, ISBN 0-9504876-4-3 , pp. 1320 .

[FlUSSR-7] OE Knorring: Phlomis. In: BK Shishkin (ed.): Flora of the USSR. Founded by Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov. Volume XXI: Labiatae (Eremostachys - Ocimum), Keter / Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Jerusalem / Washington, DC 1977, ISBN 0-7065-1560-9 , pp. 46-47 (English, translated by the staff of Israel Program for Scientific Translations; Russian original: Botanicheskii institut, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow / Leningrad 1954, p. 64), digitized .

[FlIberica-8] Ramón Morales: Phlomis . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Ramón Morales, Alejandro Quintanar, Francisco José Cabezas, Antonio José Pujadas, Santos Cirujano (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. XII. Verbenaceae - Labiatae - Callitrichaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 2010, ISBN 978-84-00-09041-8 , p. 206-214 (Spanish).

[TCP-9] Nicholas J. Turland, Lance Chilton, J. Robert Press: Flora of the Cretan Area. Annotated Checklist and Atlas . The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London 1993, ISBN 0-11-310043-4 , pp. 98 (English).

[Salmaki+al2012-10] Yasaman Salmaki, Shahin Zarre, Olof Ryding, Charlotte Lindqvist, Agnes Scheunert, Christian Bräuchler, Günther Heubl: Phylogeny of the tribe Phlomideae (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) with special focus on Eremostachys and Phlomoides: New insights from nuclear and chloroplast sequences. In: Taxon. Volume 61, No. 1, 2012, pp. 161-179, (abstract) .