Lamioideae

Lamioideae
	Spotted dead nettle ( Lamium maculatum )
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Lamioideae
Scientific name
	Lamioideae
	Harley

The Lamioideae are a subfamily of the mint family (Lamiaceae). The approximately 63 genera with approximately 1260 species are mainly distributed in Eurasia and Africa.

description

Illustration of the broad-leaved hollow tooth Galeopsis ladanum

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the subfamily Lamioideae have the characteristic features of the family Lamiaceae. They are mainly herbaceous plants or shrubs , rarely small trees . The plant parts are mostly non-aromatic. They usually have square stem axes . The opposite leaves are usually simple.

Generative characteristics

Their inflorescences are thyrsenic or grape-like , the cymes are one to many-flowered.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The crown is zygomorphic and usually two-lipped. They differ from the representatives of the Nepetoideae in that they have tricolpate pollen grains which are two-celled when released; the seeds contain albumin and the embryo is spatulate. They differ from the other members of the family in the presence of gynobasic ( starting at the base of the gynoeceum ) styluses .

The Klaus fruits disintegrate into four solitary partial fruits (Klausen). The Klausen are not mucous.

Tribe Gomphostemmateae: habit, leaves and zygomorphic flowers of Chelonopsis moschata

Tribus Leonureae: Siberian motherwort ( Leonurus sibiricus )

Tribe Leucadeae: Leonotis leonurus

Tribus Marrubieae: inflorescences of Moluccella laevis

Tribe Phlomideae: Eremostachys laciniata

Tribe Pogostemoneae: Anisomeles indica

Tribe Stachydeae: Phyllostegia haliakalae

Tribus Synandreae: Articular flower ( Physostegia virginiana )

Incertae sedis : Colquhounia coccinea

Incertae sedis : Colorful hollow tooth ( Galeopsis speciosa )

Systematics and distribution

The Lamioideae are the second largest subfamily of the Lamiaceae family and contain about 63 genera. Around a third of it is monotypical , ie it consists of a single species. Around half of the approximately 1260 species belong to only four genera ( Leucas , Phlomis , Sideritis and Stachys ).

The Lamioideae in the sense of Scheen et al. (2010) are monophyletic . Their sister group is the genus Cymaria Benth.

The Lamioideae are distributed worldwide. They are mainly found in Eurasia and Africa . Most of the species are found in the northern hemisphere . A focus of the subfamily is in the tropical areas, especially Africa and Southeast Asia . A second focus of species diversity is, with many genera, in temperate and subtropical Eurasia. In the New World there are only six genera with about 70 species.

Scheen et al. In 2010 the Lamioideae divided into ten tribes:

Tribe Gomphostemmateae Scheen & Lindqvist :
- Chelonopsis Miq. (Syn .: Bostrychanthera Benth. ): The 17 species since 2009 are distributed in temperate areas of Asia .
- Gomphostemma Benth. (Syn .: Taitonia Yamam. ): The 39 to 44 species are common in East Asia and Malesia .

Tribe Lamieae Coss. & Germ. :
- Deadnettle ( Lamium L. , Syn .: Galeobdolon . Adans , Lamiastrum Heist ex Fabr.. , Lamiella Fourr. , Lamiopsis Opiz , orvala L. , Pollichia cabinet , Psilopsis Neck. , Wiedemannia Fish & Camey.. ): The 25 to 28 Species are common in temperate Eurasia , Macaronesia and North Africa to Ethiopia .

Tribe Leonureae Dumort. :
- Chaiturus Willd. : It contains only one type:
  - Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Rchb. : It occurs in Eurasia .
- Lagochilus Bunge ex Benth. (Syn .: Chlainanthus Briq. , Lagochilopsis Knorring , Yermoloffia Bél. ): The approximately 47 species are distributed in temperate areas of Asia. Including:
  - Noise mint ( Lagochilus inebrians Bunge )
- Motherwort ( Leonurus L. , Syn .: Cardiaca Mill. , Marrubiastrum Ség. ): The approximately 24 species are common in Eurasia, including:
  - Motherwort ( Leonurus cardiaca L. )
  - Siberian motherwort ( Leonurus sibiricus L. , Syn .: Leonurus manshuricus Y.Yabe ): It occurs from southern Siberia to northern China.
- Panzerina Soják (Syn .: Leonuroides Rauschert nom. Superfl., Panzeria Moench nom. Illeg.): The only two species are common in Siberia, Mongolia and China.
- Lagopsis (Benth.) Bunge : The five or so species are distributed from Siberia to China.

Tribe Leucadeae Scheen & Ryding :
- Acrotome Benth. ex Endl. : The eight or so species are distributed from southern tropical Africa to southern Africa .
- Isoleucas Schwartz : Of the only two species, one occurs only in northern Somalia and the other only in Yemen .
- Lion's ears ( Leonotis (Pers.) R.Br. , Syn .: Leonurus Mill. Nom. Illeg. Non L. , Hemisodon Raf. ): The approximately nine species are common in Africa and Madagascar .
- Leucas R.Br. (Syn .: Hemistemma Rchb. , Hemistoma Ehrenb. Ex Benth. , Lasiocorys Benth. , Blandinia Raf. , Elbunis Raf. , Eneodon Raf. , Heptrilis Raf. , Hetrepta Raf. , Isodeca Raf. , Leucasia Raf. , Physoleucas Jaub. & Spach ): The approximately 100 species are distributed from Africa to Australia . Some species are invasive plants .
- Otostegia Benth. : The eightor sospecies are distributed in Northeastern Cameroon and northeastern tropical Africa and from Israel to the Arabian Peninsula .
- Rydingia Scheen & VAAlbert : The four or so species are distributed from northeastern tropical Africa via the Arabian Peninsula and Iran to the western Himalayas.

Tribe Marrubieae Vis. :
- Acanthoprasium (Benth.) Spach (Syn .: Ballota sect. Acanthoprasium Benth. ): The only two species were separated from the genus Ballota in2011:
  - Acanthoprasium frutescens (L.) Spenn. : This endemic occurs only in the southwestern Alps .
  - Acanthoprasium integrifolium (Benth.) Ryding : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus.
- Black nettles ( Ballota L. , Syn .: Beringeria Neck. , Pseudodictamnus Fabr. , Zapateria Pau ): The only about 30 species since 2011 are distributed from Macaronesia and Africa to Europe and Western Asia.
- Horehound ( Marrubium L. , Syn .: Padota Adans. , Atirbesia Raf. , Maropsis Pomel ): The approximately 50 species are native to North Africa and Eurasia. Some are neophytes worldwide .
- Moluccella L. (Syn .: Molucca . Mill , Chartocalyx rule . Illeg nom. Chasmonia C.Presl , Harmsiella Briq. , Suleymanieh Hedge & computing f.. ): The eight species since 2011 are from the Mediterranean to Central Asia common.

Tribe Paraphlomideae Bendiksby :
- Ajugoides Makino : It contains only one species:
  - Ajugoides humilis (Miq.) Makino : It occurs on the Japanese islands of Kyushu , Shikoku and southwestern Honshu .
- Matsumurella Makino (Syn .: Galeobdolon sect. Matsumurella (Makino) CYWu & Hsuan ): The approximately five species since 2011 come from Japanese Japan southern Kyushu and Taiwan to southern China.
- Paraphlomis Prain : The approximately 24 species are common in Asia and Malesia.

Tribus Phlomideae Mathiesen :
- Notochaete Benth. (sometimes in Phlomoides ): Of only two species, one occurs only in the autonomous region of Tibet and Yunnan and the other is distributed from Yunnan, Bhutan , Nepal to India and Myanmar .
- Burn herbs ( Phlomis L. , Syn .: Anemitis Raf. , Beloakon Raf. , Blephiloma Raf. , Hersilia Raf. ): The approximately 178 species are distributed from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and in the western Himalayas.
- Phlomoides Moench (Syn .: Phlomidopsis Link nom. Superfl., Phlomitis Rchb. Ex T.Nees nom. Superfl., Orlowia Gueldenst. Ex Georgi , Eremostachys Bunge , Notochaete Benth. , Clueria Raf. , Trambis Raf. , Lamiophlomis Kudô , Pseuderemostachys Popov , Paraeremostachys Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm. ): The approximately 100 species are distributed from Central and Eastern Europe to the Himalayas and Korea . Including:
  - Cinderella ( Phlomoides tuberosa (L.) Moench , Syn .: Phlomis tuberosa L. )
- Pseuderemostachys Popov (sometimes in Phlomoides ): it contains only one species:
  - Pseuderemostachys sewerzovii (Herder) Popov (Syn .: Phlomoides sewerzovii (Herder) Mathiesen ): It is widespread in Central Asia.

Tribe Pogostemoneae Briq. (Syn .: Pogostemonoideae PDCantino, Harley & Wagstaff in Harley & Reynolds):

Achyrospermum flower : The approximately 28 species are distributed from tropical Africa to Malesia .

Anisomeles R.Br. : The approximately five species are distributed from islands in the western Indian Ocean through tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia .

Colebrookea Sm .: It contains only one species:
Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm .: It occurs in India, Pakistan , Nepal , Myanmar , Thailand and in the Chinese province of Yunnan .

Comanthosphace S.Moore : The seven or so species are common in East Asia.

Craniotome Rchb. : It contains only one type:
Craniotome furcata (Link) Kuntze : It occurs in the Himalayas .

Eurysolen Prain : It contains only one type:
Eurysolen gracilis Prain : It occurs in East Asia and Malesia.

Leucosceptrum Sm .: It contains only one species:
Leucosceptrum canum Sm .: It occurs in South and East Asia.

Microtoena Prain : The approximately 25 species are common in East Asia.

Patchouli ( Pogostemon Desf. ): The approximately 92 species are common in Asia and Malesia.

Rostrinucula Kudô : There are only about two types that are common in East Asia.

Tribe Stachydeae Dumort. : It contains about twelve genera with about 490 species (as of 2019) in the New and Old World:
- Chamaesphacos fish. & CAMey. : It contains only one type:
  - Chamaesphacos ilicifolius Schrenk : It is common in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan to China.
- Haplostachys (A.Gray) Hillebrand : The five or so species only occur in Hawaii .
- Melittis L .: It contains only one species:
  - Immenblatt ( Melittis melissophyllum L. ): It occurs in three subspecies in Europe and Western Asia .
- Phyllostegia Benth. : The approximately 35 species occur in Hawaii and Tahiti .
- Prasium L .: It contains only one species:
  - Great cliff ziest ( Prasium majus L. ): It occurs in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region.
- Articulated herbs ( Sideritis L. , Syn .: Brugsdorfia Moench , Burgsdorfia Moench , Cunila Mill. , Empedoclia Raf. , Fracastora Adans. , Hesiodia Moench , Leria Adans. , Leucophae Webb & Berthel. , Marrubiastrum Tourn. Ex Moench , Navicularia Heist. Ex Fabr. ): The approximately 140 species are distributed from temperate Eurasia and Macaronesia to China.
- Zieste ( Stachys L. , Syn .: Phlomidoschema (Benth.) Vved. ): The more than 300 species are distributed in Eurasia, Africa, North and South America.
- Stenogyne Benth. : The more than 20 species are only found in Hawaii.
- Suzukia Kudô : The only two types occur only on the Ryūkyū Islands and in Taiwan.
- Thuspeinanta T.Durand : The only two species are distributed in West and Central Asia to Pakistan.

Tribus Synandreae Raf. : It occurs only in North America:
- Brazoria Engelm. ex A.Gray : The three or so species are common in North America.
- Macbridea Elliott ex Nutt. : The roughly two types are common in North America.
- Joint flowers ( Physostegia Benth. ): The twelve or so species are common in North America, for example:
  - Articular flower ( Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. )
- Synandra Nutt. : It contains only one type:
  - Synandra hispidula (Michx.) Baill. : It is common in North America.
- Warnockia M.W. Turner : It contains only one species:
  - Warnockia scutellarioides (Engelm. & A.Gray) MWTurner : It is only found in Texas .

incertae sedis within the Lamioideae:
- Betonien ( Betonica L. , Syn .: Stachys subg. Betonica ): The approximately 15 species are common in Eurasia.
- Colquhounia Wallich : The five or so species are common in Asia.
- Eriophyton Benth. (Syn .: Erianthera Benth. Nom. Illeg., Alajja Ikonn. , Susilkumara Bennet nom. Superfl.): Since 2011 it contains about six species from Central Asia via the Himalayas to China, including:
  - Eriophyton wallichii Benth. : It is widespread from the Himalayas to China.
- Hollow tooth ( Galeopsis L. , Syn .: Cannabinastrum Heist. Ex Fabr. , Tetrahit Adans. Non Gérard , Ladanum Gilib. Non Spach , Tetraith Bubani , Dalanum Dostál , Ladanella Pouzar & Slavíková ): The approximately eleven annual species are common in Eurasia, with the center of biodiversity in Europe. Some species are neophytes in temperate areas.
- Roylea Wallich ex Benth. : It contains only one type:
  - Roylea cinerea (D.Don) Baill. : It occurs in the Himalayas.

According to Scheen et al. In 2010 the relationships within the subfamily Lamioideae are as follows (simplified):

Pogostemoneae

Gomphostemmateae

Colquhounia

Synandreae

	Betonica

	Galeopsis

	Stachydeae
Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3

	Paraphlomideae

	Phlomideae

	Leonureae

	Leucadeae

	Marrubieae

	Roylea

	Eriophyton

	Lamieae
Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3Template: Klade / Maintenance / 4Template: Klade / Maintenance / 5Template: Klade / Maintenance / 6Template: Klade / Maintenance / 7Template: Klade / Maintenance / 8

literature

Mika Bendiksby, Lisbeth Thorbek, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Charlotte Lindqvist, Olof Ryding: An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae , In: Taxon , Volume 60, Number 2, 2011, pp. 471-484.
Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Mika Bendiksby, Olof Ryding, Cecilie Mathiesen, Victor A. Albert, Charlotte Lindqvist: Molecular Phylogenetics, Character Evolution, and SupAGENeric Classification of Lamioideae (Lamiaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 97, 2010, pp. 191-217, DOI: 10.3417 / 2007174 , BioOne , digitized .
Nina Davies, Gemma Bramley & Don Kirkup: Interactive Key to the Genera of Lamiaceae from Royal Botanic Gardens Kew .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Mika Bendiksby, Olof Ryding, Cecilie Mathiesen, Victor A. Albert, Charlotte Lindqvist: Molecular Phylogenetics, Character Evolution, and SupAGENeric Classification of Lamioideae (Lamiaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 97, 2010, pp. 191-217, DOI: 10.3417 / 2007174 , digitized .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lamiaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 25, 2020.

↑ Lamioideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X . Lamiaceae , p. 50 - online with the same text as the printed work .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mika Bendiksby, Lisbeth Thorbek, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Charlotte Lindqvist, Olof Ryding: An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae . In: Taxon . tape 60 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 471-484 ( abstract ). Abstract ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ ^A ^b David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ Yasaman Salmaki, Shahin Zarre, Olof Ryding, Charlotte Lindqvist, Christian Bräuchler, Günther Heubl, Janet Barber, Mika Bendiksby: Molecular phylogeny of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 69, Issue 3, December 2013, pp. 535-551: doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.07.024
^ Tilottama Roy, Tien-Hao Chang, Tianying Lan, Charlotte Lindqvist: Phylogeny and biogeography of New World Stachydeae (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on the origin and diversification of Hawaiian and South American taxa. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69, Issue 1, October 2013, pp. 218-238: doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.05.023
↑ Yasaman Salmaki, Günther Heubl, Maximilian Weigend: Towards a new classification of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae): naming clades using molecular evidence. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 190, November 2019, pp. 345–358. doi : 10.1093 / botlinnean / boz021

Web links

Commons : Lamioideae - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Scheen2010-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Mika Bendiksby, Olof Ryding, Cecilie Mathiesen, Victor A. Albert, Charlotte Lindqvist: Molecular Phylogenetics, Character Evolution, and SupAGENeric Classification of Lamioideae (Lamiaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 97, 2010, pp. 191-217, DOI: 10.3417 / 2007174 , digitized .

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lamiaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 25, 2020.

[GRIN-3] Lamioideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[FoC-4] Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X . Lamiaceae , p. 50 - online with the same text as the printed work .