Siberian motherwort
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Siberian motherwort ( Leonurus sibiricus ) |
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The Siberian motherwort ( Leonurus sibiricus ) is a species of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Other common names are marihuanilla (from “Marijuanillo” Spanish directly translated “small hemp”), Siberian lion tail , Siberian feverfew .
description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The Siberian motherwort grows as an annual or biennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 80 cm. The upright, angular stems are hairy with bristles. The lower leaves fall off early. The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole of the middle leaves is about 2 cm long. The simple leaf blade is egg-shaped with a length of about 5 cm and a width of about 4 cm and doubly pinnate with a broad wedge-shaped blade base. The three leaf lobes are narrow, elongated rhombic and each again in three parts with a width of 1 to 3 mm linear sections. The leaf surfaces are sparsely hairy with bristles and on the underside of the leaf there are glands and yellowish-white leaf veins .
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from July to September. Several pseudo whorls , which have a diameter of 3 to 3.5 cm, stand on top of each other at some distance on the stem and contain many close-together flowers. The foliage-like bracts are petiolate and their leaf blades are almost rhombic, distinctly pinnate with three linear lobes with a width of 1 to 2 mm. The bristly hairy bracts are bent back and prickly and with a length of 4 to 6 mm shorter than the calyx.
The sessile, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The five 8 to 9 mm long sepals are fused tubular-bell-shaped and indistinctly two-lipped; they are densely soft in the middle, otherwise downy hairy. The five white or reddish to purple-red petals form a two-lipped crown about 1.8 cm long. The approximately 9 mm long, bald corolla tube has a scaly ring inside. The throat is hairy with thick bristles on the outside and bare inside. The elongated, straight, concave about 10 mm long and about 5 mm wide upper lip has a smooth edge. The lower lip is 3/4 as long as the upper lip. The upper lip, about 7 mm long and about 5 mm wide, has an inverted heart-shaped middle lobe with a narrowed base, a membranous edge and a ragged upper end; the side lobes are ovate. The almost straight stamens have sparsely scaled stamens; there is a lower short and an upper long pair of stamens.
fruit
The Klaus fruits , which ripen around September, break down into four partial fruits. The brown partial fruits are elongated with a length of about 2.5 mm with a wedge-shaped base and truncated upper end.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 20.
Ingredients and medicinal effects
Of ingredients are alkaloids important Leonurinin , Leonuridin , stachydrine , Leuronurin . Also pre hispanolon , cycloleon urinin, leoheterin and preleoheterin.
Were on medical effects are demonstrated: as parturifacient , hypotensive , anti -carcinogenic , anti-bacterial , acts as a platelet activating factor antagonist and anticoagulant.
According to the manufacturer, some dried parts of the Siberian lion's tail are also found in herbal mixtures of the drug Spice . However, studies have shown that these herbal mixtures contain synthetic cannabinoids rather than the plants listed .
Occurrence
The natural range includes Siberia (the Russian areas Altai and East Siberia, Dauria ), Mongolia and China. In the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Nei Monggol , Shaanxi and Shanxi , the Siberian mother and son thrive on stony or sandy grasslands and pine forests at altitudes between 0 and 1500 meters.
Systematics
The first publication of Leonurus sibiricus was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, p. 584. A homonym is Leonurus sibiricus Schangin N. Nord. Beitr. , 6, 1789, p. 97. Synonyms for Leonurus sibiricus L. are: Leonurus manshuricus Yabe , Leonurus sibiricus var. Grandiflora Benth. Note: there is often a mix-up: Leonurus sibiricus auct. pl. is a synonym of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. , the Chinese motherwort .
swell
- Xi-wen Li & Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae Leonurus sibiricus , p. 163 - Online , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X (English). (Section description, distribution and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ Leonurus sibiricus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Sŏul Taehakkyo & Saengyak Yŏnʼguso: Medicinal Plants of Korea , Western Pacific series No. 21, WHO Regional Publications 1998, ISBN 9789290611202 : Leonurus sibiricus , p. 161 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Sven Siebenand: fashionable drug Spice , In: Pharmaceutical Newspapers - Online , accessed June 24, 2011th
- ↑ Spice at Suchtmittel.de , accessed on June 24, 2011.
- ^ A b Leonurus sibiricus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Leonurus sibiricus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 10, 2019.
- ^ Leonurus sibiricus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
