Cannabinoid mimetics

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As Cannabinoidmimetika (also synthetic cannabinoids ) are referred to molecules similar in the human body pharmacological effects such as cannabinoids have, however, produced artificially and not the cannabis plant are extracted.

properties

Cannabinoid mimetics are partly analogues of cannabinoids and are not produced by the cannabis plant. Their chemical structure is not necessarily identical to that of natural cannabinoids. What they have in common with natural cannabinoids is that they act on the cannabinoid receptors of the endocannabinoid system . The body's own substances that have pharmacological properties similar to cannabinoids and their mimetics are called endocannabinoids . Cannabinoid mimetics are e.g. B. JWH-018 , JWH-073 , JWH-122 , CP-47,497 , AM-2201 and2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1- (2,6-dihydroxy-1,2-dimethylheptylphenyl) cyclohex-1-en . The antagonists are used as drugs , while the agonists are mainly used as intoxicants .

N -Isobutylamides from Echinacea represent a new class of potent cannabinoid mimetics that bind to the peripheral CB 2 cannabinoid receptors on immune cells, but not to the CB 1 receptors in the central nervous system. Thus, Cannabis sativa is not the only plant that makes cannabinoid receptor ligands . Beta- caryophyllene occurs in various aromatic plants and is also a CB 2 cannabinoid. Yangonin from the kava plant (Piper methysticum) and various catechins from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) also act as (weak) CB 1 receptor agonists .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VJ Koller, GJ Zlabinger, V. Auwärter, S. Fuchs, S. Knasmueller: Toxicological profiles of selected synthetic cannabinoids showing high binding affinities to the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB1. In: Archives of Toxicology . Volume 87, Number 7, July 2013, pp. 1287-1297, doi: 10.1007 / s00204-013-1029-1 . PMID 23494106 .
  2. ↑ DC Klonoff, F. Greenway: Drugs in the pipeline for the obesity market. In: Journal of diabetes science and technology. Volume 2, Number 5, September 2008, pp. 913-918, PMID 19885278 . PMC 2769782 (free full text).
  3. ↑ W. Arunotayanun, S. Gibbons: Natural product 'legal highs'. In: Natural Product Reports . Volume 29, Number 11, November 2012, pp. 1304-1316, doi: 10.1039 / c2np20068f . PMID 22930322 .
  4. ↑ Stefan Raduner et al: Alkylamides from Echinacea are a new class of cannabinomimetics. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor-dependent and -independent immunomodulatory effects . In: Journal of Biological Chemistry . tape 281 , no. 20 , May 19, 2006, pp. 14192-14206 , doi : 10.1074 / jbc.M601074200 , PMID 16547349 .
  5. ↑ Jürg Gertsch et al: Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . June 23, 2008, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0803601105 , PMID 18574142 .
  6. ↑ G. Korte, A. Dreiseitel, P. Schreier, A. Oehme, S. Locher, S. Geiger, J. Heilmann, PG Sand: Tea catechins' affinity for human cannabinoid receptors. In: Phytomedicine . Volume 17, number 1, January 2010, pp. 19-22, doi: 10.1016 / j.phymed.2009.10.001 . PMID 19897346 .
  7. ^ A. Ligresti, R. Villano, M. Allarà, I. Ujváry, V. Di Marzo: Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB? receptor ligand. In: Pharmacological Research . Volume 66, Number 2, August 2012, pp. 163-169, doi: 10.1016 / j.phrs.2012.04.003 . PMID 22525682 .