AM-2201
| Structural formula | ||||||||||
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| General | ||||||||||
| Surname | AM-2201 | |||||||||
| other names |
1 - [(5-fluoropentyl) -1 H -indol-3-yl] - (naphthalen-1-yl) -methanone |
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| Molecular formula | C 24 H 22 FNO | |||||||||
| Brief description |
pale yellow solid |
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| Drug information | ||||||||||
| Drug class | ||||||||||
| Mechanism of action |
Cannabinoid receptor CB 1 / CB 2 - agonist |
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| properties | ||||||||||
| Molar mass | 359.44 g mol −1 | |||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| Melting point |
86-88 ° C |
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| solubility |
~ 5 mg / ml in EtOH , ~ 20 mg / ml in DMF & DMSO , chloroform , ethyl acetate |
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| safety instructions | ||||||||||
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||
AM-2201 is a synthetically produced chemical compound that belongs to the indole derivatives and ketones . AM-2201 acts as a synthetic cannabinoid on the receptors of the endocannabinoid system and develops its effect there. The AM series of substances with cannabinoid effects were all first produced by Alexandros Makriyannis at Northeastern University . Chemically, it bears a strong resemblance to JWH-018 . It is often used as an intoxicant because it is about 30-40 times more potent than tetrahydrocannabinol . Dosages of 250–500 µg are already effective.
use
As research into this substance is still ongoing, there has been little use for the substance to date. The abstract of the patent in which AM-2201 is described speaks of novel cannabimimetic indole derivatives that have high affinities for one of the cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors. The improved receptor affinity makes these analogs therapeutically useful as drugs in humans and animals for the treatment of pain, glaucoma , epilepsy, and nausea associated with chemotherapy.
Intoxicants
The intoxicating effects of most cannabinoids are widely used. That is why it is added to certain incense mixtures. AM-2201 has a euphoric and relaxing effect . In addition, the perception of colors changes. Possible side effects are severe hunger , high photophobia , dry mouth , nausea / vomiting and, among other things, headaches after the intoxication. Up to now there have hardly been any studies on possible health hazards or risks. Tonic-clonic seizures with subsequent hospitalization after smoking AM-2201-containing smoke mixtures have been described.
Dependency
Since AM-2201, like all other cannabinoids, acts on the cannabinoid receptors CB 1 and CB 2 , physical dependency is usually not possible or only barely possible. As with all drugs and activities, psychological forms of dependence can develop to different degrees.
toxicity
There is no known lethal dose of AM-2201. Cell-toxic effects already occur at concentrations of 10–30 µM. Impairment of fetuses in pregnant women also seems likely.
Traceability
The metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids can now be detected in rapid urine tests. There is also an analytical specificity for metabolites of AM-2201.
Legal position
Germany
AM-2201 has been a marketable narcotic drug, but not a prescription drug , in the Federal Republic of Germany since July 17, 2013 due to its listing in Appendix II of the BtMG . Handling without permission is generally a criminal offense.
literature
- Kathryn M. Donohue and Robert R. Steiner, US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration: JHW-018 and JWH-022 as Combustion Products of AM2201 (PDF; 431 kB), Microgram Journal, Volume 9, Number 2
- Stefan Kneisel, Folker Westphal a. a .: Trends in the field of synthetic cannabinoid mimetics: mass spectra and ATR-IR spectra of new compounds from the period from the end of 2010 to the end of 2011 Toxichem Krimtech 2011; 78 (3): 465
- Junichi Nakajima, Misako Takahashi, Takako Seto, Masao Yoshida, Chieko Kanai, Jin Suzuki, Tomoko Hamano: Identification and quantitation of two new naphthoylindole drugs-of-abuse, (1- (5-hydroxypentyl) -1H-indol-3-yl ) (naphthalen-1-yl) methanone (AM-2202) and (1- (4-pentenyl) -1H-indol-3-yl) (naphthalen-1-yl) methanone, with other synthetic cannabinoids in unregulated 'herbal' products circulated in the Tokyo area. In: Forensic Toxicology . 30, 2012, pp. 33-44, doi: 10.1007 / s11419-011-0130-5 .
Web links
- Cannabinoids & Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists . In: Erowid . (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on AM-2201 at Toronto Research Chemicals , accessed on July 30, 2017 ( PDF ).
- ↑ MSDS AM2201 Cayman Chemical Company , accessed June 14, 2019.
- ^ Synthetic cannabinoid trade name and chemical compound chart. NAMSDL, accessed on July 18, 2016 (PDF; 272 kB).
- ↑ a b AM-2201 Drugs Forum . Entry in a drug forum.
- ↑ Patent WO0128557: CANNABIMIMETIC INDOLE DERIVATIVES
- ^ How they make so called synthetic marijuana . Practical preparation of a legal smoking mixture with AM-2201 and acetone .
- ↑ Aaron B. Schneir, Todd tree Bacher: Convulsions Associated with the Use of a synthetic cannabinoid product. In: Journal of Medical Toxicology . 8, 2012, pp. 62-64, doi: 10.1007 / s13181-011-0182-2 .
- ↑ David McQuade, Simon Hudson, Paul I. Dargan, David M. Wood: First European case of convulsions related to analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM-2201. In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 69, 2013, pp. 373-376, doi: 10.1007 / s00228-012-1379-2 .
- ↑ AM-2201 Critical Review Report Agenda item 4.7 Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Thirty-sixth Meeting Geneva, June 16-20, 2014
- ↑ Lfm-diagnostika.de - deep view: Synthetic cannabinoids - now also detectable with urine rapid test, latest from drug analysis, October 2012 (PDF)
- ^ Federal Ministry of Health : Cabinet adopts 27th Narcotics Amendment Ordinance . Press release of May 22, 2013, accessed on May 26, 2013.
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Health : Draft ordinance of the federal government: Twenty-seventh ordinance amending the provisions of the law on narcotics (PDF; 73kb). ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
