Black nettles
| Black nettles | ||||||||||||
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Black nettle ( Ballota nigra ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ballota | ||||||||||||
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The plant genus of ballota ( Ballota ) belongs to the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Ballota species are perennial , herbaceous plants or small shrubs . The leaves are arranged opposite one another.
Generative characteristics
A few to many flowers are arranged in pseudo- whorls and are in the axils of the front leaves .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The funnel-shaped calyx is ten-nerved, the calyx rim is corrugated or has 5 to 16 notches or the same, prickly to awn-like teeth. The corolla tube has a hair ring inside. Of the four parallel stamens , the outer pair is longer than the inner; the anthers point apart. The style branches are almost the same length.
The partial fruits ( Klausen ) are elongated and rounded at the tip.
ecology
The pollination is usually by bees .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Ballota was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Ballota is derived from ballote , the ancient Greek name for the species Ballota nigra .
The genus Ballota includes about 30 species with a distribution focus in the Mediterranean and the oriental flora region. Several species are found in the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. One species is native to South Africa. There are six species in Europe . The largest distribution area has the black nettle ( Ballota nigra ), which is the only species in Central Europe with two subspecies.
There are about 30 types of ballota :
- Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth. : It occurs in southern and eastern Greece and western Turkey .
- Ballota adenophora Hedge : It occurs in Saudi Arabia .
- Ballota africana (L.) Benth. : It occurs in southern Africa (South Africa and Namibia ).
- Ballota andreuzziana Pamp. : It occurs in Libya .
- Ballota antalyensis Tezcan & H.Duman : It was first described from Turkey in 2012.
- Ballota antilibanotica Post : It occurs in Lebanon and southern Syria .
- Ballota aucheri Boiss. : It occurs in northern Iraq and Iran .
- Ballota bullata Pomel : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.
- Ballota byblensis Semaan & RMHaber : It occurs in Lebanon.
- Ballota cristata P.H.Davis : It occurs in Anatolia (near Antalya).
- Ballota damascena Boiss. : It occurs in Syria and Egypt .
- Ballota glandulosissima Hub.-Mor. & Patzak : It occurs from the islands of the eastern Aegean to southwestern Anatolia.
- Ballota grisea Pojark. : It occurs in the eastern Caucasus .
- Ballota hirsuta Benth. : It occurs in five subspecies from the western Mediterranean to the central Sahara .
- Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth. : It occurs in Italy, Sicily, Albania and the former Yugoslavia, but is absent in Spain.
- Ballota inaequidens Hub.-Mor. & Patzak : It occurs in Anatolia (near Antalya).
- Ballota kaiseri Täckh. : It only occurs on the Sinai Peninsula .
- Ballota larendana Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs only in central Anatolia.
- Ballota latibracteolata P.H.Davis & Doroszenko : It occurs in southern Anatolia (provinces of Antalya and Içel).
- Ballota luteola Velen. : It occurs in Saudi Arabia.
- Ballota macedonica Vandas : It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula .
- Ballota macrodonta Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs only in southern Anatolia (Nigde province).
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Black nettle ( Ballota nigra L. ): It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, also introduced in Argentina and New Zealand. With eight subspecies, two of which are found in Central Europe:
- Short-toothed black nettle ( Ballota nigra subsp. Foetida (Vis.) Hayek )
- Langzähnige Perilla ( Ballota nigra L. subsp. Nigra )
- Ballota philistaea Bornm. : It occurs in Israel.
- Ballota platyloma Rech.f. : It occurs in Iran.
- Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth. : It occurs in two subspecies in Greece (South Aegean region), in southwestern Anatolia and in Kyrenaica .
- Ballota rotundifolia K.Koch : It occurs in northeastern Anatolia (province of Erzurum).
- Ballota saxatilis Sieber ex C.Presl : It occurs in two subspecies from southern and eastern Anatolia to the Arabian Peninsula.
- Ballota Sechmenii Gemici & Leblebici : It occurs in Turkey.
- Ballota undulata (Sieber ex Fresen.) Benth. : It occurs in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.
- Ballota vellerea Maire, Weiller & Wilczek : It occurs in Morocco.
No longer belonging to the genus Ballota :
- Ballota deserti (de Noé) Jury, Rejdali & AJKGriffiths => Marrubium deserti (de Noé) Coss.
- Acanthoprasium frutescens (L.) Spenn. (Syn. Ballota frutescens (L.) Woods ): It comes from southern France and Italy.
- Acanthoprasium integrifolium (Benth.) Ryding (Syn. Ballota integrifolia Benth. ): It occurs only in Cyprus .
- Panzerina lanata (L.) Soják (Syn .: Ballota lanata L. ): It occurs from Siberia to China.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Alois Walter Patzak: Ballota. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 149–151 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ballota. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ↑ Mika Bendiksby, Lisbeth Thorbek, Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Charlotte Lindqvist, Olof Ryding: An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae . In: Taxon . tape 60 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 471-484 ( abstract ).
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