Zieste

Zieste
Forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica )
Systematics
Euasterids I Order : Mint family (Lamiales) Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae) Subfamily : Lamioideae Tribe : Stachydeae Genre : Zieste
Scientific name
Stachys
L.

Stachys ( Stachys ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the mint (Lamiaceae). The approximately 300 species are distributed almost worldwide.

description

Rhizomes of a Ziest species - so-called "Ziest roots"

Illustration by Stachys hyssopifolia

Zygomorphic flowers in detail of the Swamp Ziest ( Stachys palustris )

Klaus fruit of the forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica )

Vegetative characteristics

Stachys species are mostly upright, annual or perennial herbaceous plants , rarely also sub-shrubs or small shrubs . Sometimes rhizomes are formed as persistence organs. The leaves are arranged opposite one another. The leaf blades are simple.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are arranged in dense pseudo whorls in the armpits of bract-like pairs of leaves. However, the inflorescence is not particularly separated from the leafy stem . The flower stalks are short to barely recognizable.

These are typical mint flowers . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The five green sepals are fused tubular to bell-shaped. The color of the petals is reddish, pink, yellow or white, depending on the species. The five petals are fused. The corolla tube is cylindrical. The upper and lower lip are always present. The upper lip is more or less flat, at least not deeply hollowed out. The three-lobed lower lip is longer than the upper lip. The four stamens protrude from the corolla tube, but do not protrude beyond the upper lip. The only different flower characteristic is that the stamens, at least the two outer ones, are turned and bent outwards towards the end of the flowering period at the latest.

The Klausen fruit breaks down into four Klausen . The triangular clauses are egg-shaped to elongated.

Systematics and distribution

etymology

The German name Ziest is a loan word from the Sorbian language of the Brandenburg region . With š anlautende archetype comes from the accurate directly Upper Sorbian čisćik . The ts initial sound was formed by the change from the (t) š to ts in loan words from Sorbian, which is common in Central Markets. This change can also be found in Lower Sorbian cysć , as well as in Czech čistek , in Polish czyściec and Russian Чистец . The scientific name Stachys, on the other hand, is derived from the Indo-European * stengh- or * stngh- (= sting), the Latin spica (= the ear) also comes from this root . The name refers to the false ears that the genus forms.

Taxonomy

The genus name Stachys was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The type species is Stachys sylvatica . Synonyms for Stachys L. are: Aspasia E. Mey. ex whistle. , Bonamya Neck. , Eriostemum Steud. , Eriostomum Hoffmanns. & Link , Galeopsis Hill nom. illegal. and Galeopsis Moench nom. illegal. non Galeopsis L. , Lamiostachys Krestovsk. , Menitskia (Krestovsk.) Krestovsk. , Ortostachys Fourr. , Stachyus St.-Lag. , Tetrahitum Hoffmanns. & Link , Trixago Haller , Trixella Fourr. , Zietenia Gled. , Olisia Spach .

phylogenesis

The species of the Betonien ( Betonica ) are treated by some authors as part of the genus of the Zieste ( Stachys ), for example in the Flora Europaea . With molecular biological studies, Scheen et al. 2010 showed that the Betonica are only distantly related to Stachys and do not even belong in the same tribe Stachydeae . These studies have also shown that the genus Stachys in the scope of Salmaki et al. 2013 is not monophyletic .

Species and their distribution

Habit of Stachys aegyptiaca

Stachys ajugoides

Alpine ziest ( Stachys alpina )

Stachys × ambigua

Sham whisk with zygomorphic flowers in the detail of the annual ziest ( Stachys annua )

Stachys arabica

Field ziest ( Stachys arvensis )

Bladder ziest ( Stachys bullata )

Woolen ziest ( Stachys byzantina )

Stachys chamissonis var. Cooleyae

Stachys circinata

Scarlet Ziest ( Stachys coccinea )

Corsican ziest ( Stachys corsica )

Stachys distans

Stachys fontqueri

German ziest ( Stachys germanica )

Sticky Ziest ( Stachys glutinosa )

Stachys ionica

Lavender-leaved ziest ( Stachys lavandulifolia )

Stachys mexicana

Stachys neurocalycina

Basil ziest ( Stachys ocymastrum )

Swamp ziest ( Stachys palustris )

Stachys persica

Stachys plumosa

Stachys pycnantha

Upright ziest ( Stachys recta )

Stachys saxicola

Forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica )

Stachys tenuifolia

Stachys viticina

The genus Stachys is distributed with 300 to 360 species all over the world with the exception of Australia and New Zealand . Distribution centers are the Mediterranean area with the Middle East as well as South Africa (41 species, 21 of which only there) and Chile . There are about 114 species in western Asia. In Central Europe , for example, there are Alpine Ziest ( Stachys alpina ), Annual Ziest ( Stachys annua ), Field Ziest ( Stachys arvensis ), German Ziest ( Stachys germanica ), Swamp Ziest , Pork Turnip ( Stachys palustris ), Upright Ziest ( Stachys recta ) and forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica ).

• Stachys acerosa Boiss. : It only occurs in western Iran .
• Stachys aculeolata Hook. f. : It is common in tropical Africa.
• Stachys adulterina Hemsl. : It thrives at altitudes of around 1,800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan . Its rhizomes are edible.
• Stachys aegyptiaca Pers. : It occurs from Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula to Israel .
• Stachys aethiopica L .: It is distributed from tropical to southern Africa.
• Tuber Ziest , Chinese artichoke, Japanese potato ( Stachys affinis Bunge , Syn .: Stachys Sieboldii Miq. , Stachys tuberifera Naudin) : It is in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Hubei, Nei Monggol , Ningxia , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , Sichuan as well as Xinjiang and Myanmar. It is grown in Europe, Asia, South Africa, New Zealand, North and South America. Its bulbous rhizomes are edible.
• Stachys agraria Schltdl. & Cham. : It is distributed from Texas to Mexico to Guatemala .
• Stachys ajugoides Benth. : It iswidespreadfrom western Canada to northwestern Mexico.
• Stachys alabamica B.R. Keener & LJDavenp. : It wasfirst described in Alabama in 2016.
• Stachys albanica Markgr. : She is endemic to Albania .
• Stachys albens A.Gray : It only occurs in California .
• Stachys albicaulis Lindl. : It iswidespreadfrom Chile to western Argentina .
• Stachys albiflora N.E.Br. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Free State and KwaZulu-Natal .
• Stachys albotomentosa Ramamoorthy : It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
• Stachys aleurites Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in southwestern Turkey .
• Stachys alpigena T.CEFr. : The two subspecies are distributed from Ethiopia to Kenya to Rwanda .
• Alpen-Ziest ( Stachys alpina L. ) (Syn .: Stachys macrophylla Albov , Stachys persica S.G. Gmel. Ex CAMey. ): The two subspecies are distributed from Europe to northern Iran .
• Stachys amanica P.H.Davis : It occurs in southern Turkey.
• Stachys × ambigua Sm .: This hybrid of Stachys palustris × Stachys sylvatica occurs in Europe.
• Stachys anamurensis Sümbül : Home is Turkey.
• Stachys andongensis Here : The home is Angola .
• Stachys angustifolia M.Bieb. : The distribution area extends from Southeastern Europe to the Crimea .
• Stachys anisochila Vis. & Pancic : The home is the northern Balkan Peninsula .
• Annual ziest ( Stachys annua (L.) L. , Syn .: Stachys pubescens Ten. ): The four subspecies are widespread from Europe to Russia's Far East .
• Stachys antalyensis Ayasligil & PHDavis : The home is southwestern Turkey.
• Stachys aperta Epling : The home is Peru.
• Stachys appalachiana D.B.Poind. & JBNelson : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from North Carolina .
• Stachys arabica Hornem. : The distribution area extends from southern Turkey to Israel.
• Stachys arachnoidea Codd : It is common in southern Africa .
• Stachys araucana Phil .: It is distributed from central to southern Chile .
• Stachys arenaria Vahl : It is distributed from the western to the central Mediterranean area .
• Stachys arenariiformis Rouy : It is common in Romania and Bulgaria .
• Stachys argillicola Sebsebe : The two subspecies are distributed from northeast to eastern tropical Africa.
• Stachys aristata Greenm. : It occurs in southwestern Mexico.
• Stachys arrecta L.H.Bailey : It thrives at altitudes of 1500 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Henan , Hubei, Hunan , Jiangsu , Shaanxi , Shanxi and Zhejiang .
• Stachys arriagana B.L.Turner : It comes only in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi ago.
• Acker-Ziest ( Stachys arvensis (L.) L. ): The range extends from Macaronesia to Taiwan.
• Stachys aspera Michx. : It is common in the USA .
• Stachys asperata Hedge : It occurs in Madagascar in the northern provinces of Antsiranana and Mahajanga .
• Stachys atherocalyx K.Koch : The distribution area ranges from southeast Europe to northern Iran.
• Stachys aucheri Benth. (Syn .: Stachys koelzii Rech. F. ): The homeland is western Iran.
• Stachys aurea Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape .
• Stachys babunensis Micevski : It occurs only in North Macedonia .
• Stachys bakeri Briq. (Syn .: Stachys debilis Baker nom. Illeg.): It occurs in Madagascar .
• Stachys balansae Boiss. & Kotschy : They spread from eastern Turkey to northern Iran.
• Stachys balensis Sebsebe : It occurs only in Ethiopia .
• Stachys bayburtensis R.Bhattacharjee & Hub.-Mor. : The homeland is northeastern Turkey.
• Stachys baytopiorum Kit Tan & Yildiz : It occurs in northeastern Turkey.
• Stachys beckeana Dörfl. & Hayek : It occurs from Montenegro to northern Albania .
• Stachys benthamiana Boiss. : The homeland ranges from northern Iraq to western Iran.
• Stachys bergii G.A.Mulligan & DBMunro : It only occurs in California.
• Stachys biflora Hook. & Arn. : It is common in Mexico.
• Stachys bigelovii A.Gray : It is distributed from southern Texas and into northern Mexico.
• Stachys bithynica Boiss. : They spread from Greece to northern Turkey and the Crimea.
• Stachys bizensis Schweinf. ex Penzig : This endemic occurs only in Eritrea .
• Stachys × bodeana Bunge : This hybrid of Stachys inflata × Stachys lavandulifolia occurs in western Iran.
• Stachys bogotensis Kunth : The home is Colombia.
• Stachys bolusii Skan : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
• Stachys bombycina Boiss. : The home is southwestern Turkey.
• Stachys boraginoides Schltdl. & Cham. : It is common in Mexico.
• Stachys brachiata Bojer ex Benth. (Syn .: Stachys madagascariensis Briq. , Stachys rupicola Bojer ex Benth. ): It occurs in Madagascar in the northern provinces of Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa .
• Stachys brachyclada Noë ex Coss. : It is common in the western Mediterranean.
• Stachys brantii Benth. : It occurs in southeastern Turkey.
• Stachys bridgesii Benth. : The homeland is central and southern Chile.
• Bladder Ziest ( Stachys bullata Benth. ): It occurs only in western California .
• Stachys burchelliana Launert : It is distributed from Namibia to the Western Cape.
• Stachys burgsdorffioides (Benth.) Boiss. : It occurs with two subspecies from Turkey to northern Iraq.
• Stachys × burrii P.H.Davis : This hybrid of Stachys cretica × Stachys sericantha occurs in Turkey.
• Stachys buttleri R.R.Mill : The home is southwestern Turkey.
• Woll-Ziest , donkey ears ( Stachys byzantina K. Koch , Syn .: Stachys lanata Jacq. ): It comes from Southwest Asia .
• Stachys caffra E. Mey. ex Benth. : It is common in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape , Free State, Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga .
• Stachys calcicola Epling : The home is Guatemala.
• Snow Ziest ( Stachys candida Bory & Chaub. ): This endemic occurs only in the Taygetos Mountains in southern Greece.
• Stachys canescens Bory & Chaub. : It occurs only in southern Greece.
• Stachys caroliniana J.B. Nelson & DARayner :First described in2014 from South Carolina .
• Stachys cataonica R.Bhattacharjee & Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in eastern Turkey.
• Stachys chamissonis Benth. : It is distributed from western Canada to the western USA.
• Stachys chasmosericea Ayasligil & PHDavis : The home is southwestern Turkey.
• Stachys chinensis Bunge ex Benth. : It is common in Russia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Nei Mongol, Shaanxi and Shanxi.
• Stachys choruhensis Kit Tan & Sorger : It occurs in northeastern Turkey.
• Stachys chrysantha Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs only in southern Greece.
• Stachys circinata L'Hér. : It occurs in southern Spain , Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
• Lemon Ziest ( Stachys citrina Boiss. & Heldr. Ex Benth. ): It is common in Asia Minor .
• Stachys clingmanii Small : It is common in the eastern United States.
• Scarlet Ziest ( Stachys coccinea Ortega , Syn .: Stachys coccinea Jacq. Nom. Illeg., Stachys cardinalis Kunze , Stachys limitanea A. Nelson , Stachys oaxacana Fernald ): It is from the US states of Arizona , New Mexico and Texas via Mexico and Guatemala to Nicaragua spread.
• Stachys collina Brandegee : This endemic occurs only in the southern part of the Mexican state of Puebla .
• Stachys comosa Codd : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
• Stachys cordata Riddell : It is common in the northern, central and eastern United States.
• Stachys cordifolia Prain : The home is Myanmar.
• Corsican ziest ( Stachys corsica Pers. ): It occurs only in Sardinia and Corsica .
• Cretan ziest ( Stachys cretica L. ): It is distributed in twelve subspecies in the Mediterranean and Western Asia.
• Stachys × cryptadenia Rech. F. (= Stachys cretica subsp. Salviifolia × Stachys thirkei )
• Stachys cuneata Banks ex Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Western and Northern Cape .
• Stachys cydni Kotschy ex Gemici & Leblebici : The home is Turkey.
• Stachys cymbalaria Briq. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
• Stachys darcyana A.Pool : It is distributed from Costa Rica to Panama .
• Stachys debilis Kunth : The home is Ecuador .
• Stachys didymantha Brenan : The home is Malawi and Mozambique.
• Stachys × digenea Legué = Stachys alpina × Stachys germanica
• Stachys dinteri Launert : It occurs in Namibia .
• Stachys distans Benth. : It is common in the Eastern Mediterranean.
• Stachys diversifolia Boiss. : It occurs from southern Turkey to western Syria.
• Stachys dregeana Benth. : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys drummondii Benth. : It is common from Texas to northeast Mexico.
• Stachys durandiana Coss. : The homeland is Morocco.
• Stachys duriaei Noë : The homeland is Algeria and Tunisia.
• Stachys ehrenbergii Boiss. : The homeland is western Syria and Lebanon .
• Stachys elliptica Kunth : The home is Ecuador.
• Stachys emodi Hedge (Syn .: Stachys splendens Wall. ): It was erected in 1990. It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan , from Kashmir to Bhutan and in north-western India.
• Stachys eplingii J.B. Nelson : The range extends from Oklahoma to the southeastern USA.
• Stachys erectiuscula Gürke : It occurs in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.
• Stachys eremicola Epling : The home is northern Chile.
• Stachys eriantha Benth. : It is common in Mexico and from Colombia to Ecuador and northwestern Venezuela.
• Stachys euadenia P.H.Davis : It occurs in southern Turkey.
• Stachys euboica Rech. F. : She is endemic to Evia .
• Stachys fendleri Briq. : The home is the northern and northwestern Venezuela.
• Stachys filifolia Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys flavescens Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Eastern and Western Cape.
• Stachys flexuosa Skan : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
• Stachys floccosa Benth. : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to the western Himalayas (Pakistan, Kashmir and north-western India).
• Stachys floridana Shuttlew. ex Benth. : It only occurs in Florida .
• Stachys fominii Sosn. ex Grossh. : The homeland is the southern Transcaucasia .
• Stachys fontqueri Pau : The homeland is Morocco.
• Stachys forsythii Hedge : This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Fianarantsoa . Only one site is known and it is considered "Endangered" = "critically endangered".
• Stachys fragillima Bornm. : The home is northern Iraq.
• Stachys fruticulosa M.Bieb. (Syn .: Stachys araxina Kopell. , Stachys sosnowskyi Kopell. ): The distribution area extends from north-eastern Turkey to Iran.
• Stachys geobombycis C.Y.Wu : It thrives in laurel forests, disturbed locations and wet meadows at altitudes of 200 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
• German ziest ( Stachys germanica L. ): The four subspecies are distributed from the Canary Islands across Europe to the Caucasus region.
• Stachys gilliesii Benth. : The distribution area extends from western South America to Chile, Argentina and Brazil.
• Stachys glandulibracteata Y.B. Harv. : This endemic occurs only in southwestern Tanzania.
• Stachys glandulifera Post : It is common in the eastern Mediterranean.
• Stachys glandulosa Hutch. & EABruce : The endemic species only occurs in northern Somalia .
• Stachys glandulosissima Floden : It wasfirst describedfrom Tennessee in 2016.
• Stachys globosa Epling : The home is northeastern Mexico.
• Sticky Ziest ( Stachys glutinosa L. ): The home is Corsica , Sardinia and Capri .
• Stachys gossweileri G.Taylor : The home is Angola.
• Stachys graciliflora C. Presl : It is widespread in southern Africa.
• Stachys graeca Boiss. & Hero. : The home is Greece.
• Stachys grandidentata Lindl. : The homeland is northern and central Chile.
• Stachys grandifolia E. Mey. : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys graveolens Nábelek : The homeland is northern Iraq.
• Stachys guyoniana Noë ex Batt. : The home is Algeria.
• Stachys hakkariensis Akçiçek & Firat : It was first described from Turkey in 2016.
• Stachys hamata Epling : It is distributed from Colombia to Ecuador and Venezuela.
• Stachys harleyana A.Pool : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas .
• Stachys lifts Epling : The home is Colombia.
• Stachys heraclea All. : The distribution area includes Spain, France, Italy and Sicily.
• Stachys herrerae Epling : The home is Peru.
• Stachys herrerana Rzed. & Calderón : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
• Stachys hians Briq. : The home is Colombia.
• Stachys hildebrandtii Vatke : It is distributed from Somalia via Kenya to Tanzania.
• Stachys hintoniorum B.L. Turner : It is common in northeastern Mexico.
• Stachys hispida Pursh : It iswidespreadin Canada and the United States.
• Stachys hissarica rule : Home is Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan.
• Stachys huber-morathii R.Bhattacharjee : The homeland is northern Turkey.
• Stachys huetii Boiss. : The homeland is northeastern Turkey.
• Stachys huillensis Here : The home is Angola.
• Stachys humbertii Hedge : The home is central Madagascar.
• Stachys humifusa Burch. ex Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
• Stachys hydrophila Boiss. : It occurs in Syria and also used to occur in Algeria.
• Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. : It is common in the northern, central, and eastern United States.
• Stachys hyssopoides Burch. ex Benth. : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys iberica M.Bieb. : It occurs in three subspecies in Crimea and from Turkey to northern Iran.
• Stachys iltisii J.B. Nelson : Home is Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma .
• Stachys inanis Hausskn. & Bornm. : The homeland is eastern Turkey.
• Stachys inclusa Epling : The home is the Mexican states of Puebla and Oaxaca .
• Stachys inflata Benth. (incl. Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. ex Grossh. ): It occurs in two subspecies from northeastern Turkey to Iran.
• Stachys intermedia Aiton : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
• Stachys ionica Halácsy : It occurs only in western Greece.
• Stachys iraqensis R.Bhattacharjee : The home is northern Iraq.
• Macedonian Ziest ( Stachys iva Griseb. ): It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula in North Macedonia and Greece.
• Stachys jaimehintonii B.L. Turner : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Michoacán .
• Stachys jijigaensis Sebsebe : The home is Ethiopia.
• Stachys keerlii Benth. : It is common in central and southwestern Mexico.
• Stachys kermanshahensis Rech. F. : The homeland is western Iran.
• Stachys ketenoglui Kaynak, Daskin & Yilmaz : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys komarovii Knorring : It occurs only in the Far Eastern Russian region of Primorye .
• Stachys kotschyi Boiss. & High. : The homeland is northern and northeastern Iraq and western Iran.
• Stachys kouyangensis (Vaniot) Dunn : It thrives in five varieties at altitudes of 900 to 3800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan , Yunnan and Tibet .
• Stachys kulalensis Sebsebe : It is endemic to Mount Kulal in northern Kenya.
• Stachys kuntzei Gürke : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys kurdica Boiss. & High. (Syn .: Stachys ballotiformis Vatke , Stachys asterocalyx Rech. F. ): There are three subspecies. They occur in southeastern Turkey, Iraq, and western Iran.
• Stachys lamarckii Benth. : It occurs only in the South African province of North Cape.
• Stachys lamioides Benth. : It is common in Colombia and Ecuador.
• Stachys langmaniae Rzed. & Calderón : It is common in northeastern Mexico.
• Stachys lanigera (Bornm.) Rech. F. : The homeland is western Iran.
• Stachys latidens Small : It is common in the north-central and eastern USA.
• Lavender-leaved Ziest ( Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl ): It is common from Asia Minor to Iran.
• Stachys laxa Boiss. & Buhse : The home is northern and northeastern Iran.
• Stachys leucoglossa Griseb. : The home is the Balkan Peninsula.
• Stachys × leucomalla Bornm. & Gauba : This hybrid of Stachys inflata × Stachys laxa occurs in Iran.
• Stachys libanotica Benth. : The home is western Syria.
• Stachys lindenii Benth. : It is common from southern Mexico to Guatemala.
• Stachys linearis Burch. ex Benth. : The homeland is widespread in southern Africa.
• Stachys longiflora Boiss. & Balansa : She is in southern Turkey.
• Stachys longispicata Boiss. & Kotschy : The distribution area extends from the eastern Mediterranean to northern Iraq.
• Stachys lurestanica Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 2012.
• Stachys lyallii Benth. : It is common in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa and Toliara.
• Stachys macraei Benth. : It is common in central and southern Chile.
• Stachys macrotricha Rech. F. & Goulimy : The home is Greece.
• Stachys malacophylla Skan : It occurs in the South African province of Eastern Cape.
• Stachys manantlanensis B.L. Turner : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Jalisco .
• Stachys mandoniana Briq. : The home is Bolivia.
• Stachys marashica Ilçim, Çenet & Dadandi : It was first described in 2008 from southern Turkey.
• Stachys mardinensis (Post) RRMill : The home is eastern and south-eastern Turkey.
• Stachys maritima Gouan : The distribution area extends from the coasts of the Mediterranean to the western Caucasus.
• Stachys marrubiifolia Viv. : The homeland is Corsica, western Italy, Algeria and Tunisia.
• Stachys matthewsii G.P. Fleming, JBNelson & JFTowns. : It was first described in 2011 and occurs in southern Virginia and North Carolina .
• Stachys mayorii Briq. : The home is Colombia.
• Stachys × medebachensis Feld & O.Koenen : This hybrid of Stachys alpina × Stachys sylvatica occurs in Europe.
• Stachys megalodonta Hausskn. & Bornm. ex PHDavis : The two subspecies are distributed from southeastern Turkey to northwestern Iran.
• Stachys melampyroides Hand .-- Mazz. : It is widespread from southeastern Turkey to western Iran.
• Stachys melissifolia Benth. (Syn .: Stachys emodi Hedge ): It iswidespreadfrom Afghanistan and India via Nepal to the autonomous region of Tibet .
• Stachys menthifolia Vis. : The home is the Balkan Peninsula.
• Stachys menthoides Kotschy & Boiss. : The homeland is southeastern Turkey.
• Stachys mexicana Benth. (Syn .: Stachys ciliata Douglas ex Benth. , Stachys emersonii Piper , Stachys pubens (A.Gray) A.Heller ): Their distribution area extends from Alaska to California .
• Stachys mialhesii Noë : The homeland is Algeria.
• Stachys milanii Petrov ex Magnier : The distribution area extends from Serbia to Bulgaria.
• Stachys minor (Boiss.) Akçiçek & Dirmenci (Syn .: Stachys libanotica var. Minor Boiss.): This clan was only raised to a species in 2012. It occurs in southern Turkey.
• Stachys × mirabilis Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud : This hybrid of Stachys germanica × Stachys palustris occurs in Europe.
• Stachys mohinora B.L.Turner : It comes only in the Mexican state of Chihuahua before.
• Stachys mollissima Willd. : It occurs only from southern Albania to northwestern Greece.
• Stachys moorei B.L. Turner : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
• Stachys mouretii Batt. & Pit. : The homeland is Morocco.
• Stachys mucronata Sieber ex Spreng. : It occurs only in Crete and Karpathos .
• Stachys multicaulis Benth. : It is endemic to the Zāgros Mountains in western Iran.
• Stachys munzurdagensis R.Bhattacharjee : Home is eastern and central Turkey.
• Stachys musili Velen. : The homeland is the Arabian Peninsula .
• Stachys namazdaghensis Yıld. : The home is Turkey.
• Stachys natalensis Hochst. : It is distributed from southern tropical to southern Africa.
• Stachys nelsonii B.R. Keener & LJDavenp. : It wasfirst described in Alabama in 2016.
• Stachys nemorivaga Briq. : The distribution area extends from southern Zaire to Angola.
• Stachys nepetifolia Desf. : It is common in northeastern and central Mexico.
• Stachys nephrophylla Rech. F. : The home is northern Iraq.
• Stachys neurocalycina Boiss. : The range extends from Syria to Israel.
• Stachys nigricans Benth. : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys nivea Labill. : The home is Syria.
• Stachys nubilorum Epling : The home is Guatemala.
• Stachys obliqua Waldst. & Kit. : The distribution area extends from south-east Europe to western Turkey.
• Stachys oblongifolia Wall. ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from the Himalayas to Taiwan and Java .
• Stachys obscura Boiss. & Balansa : It only occurs from southern Turkey to Syria.
• Stachys obtusicrena Boiss. : It is endemic to the Zāgros Mountains in western Iran.
• Stachys obtusifolia MacOwan : It occurs in the South African province of Eastern Cape.
• Stachys ochroleuca Phil .: The home is central Chile.
• Basil ziest ( Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. , Syn .: Stachys hirta L. , Sideritis ocymastrum L. ): The distribution area includes Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region .
• Stachys oligantha Baker : The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys oreophila Hedge : The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys pacifica B.L. Turner : The home is western Mexico.
• Stachys palaestina L .: The homeland ranges from Syria to Israel.
• Swamp ziest , swine turnip ( Stachys palustris L. ): It is widespread in temperate Eurasia and occurs in North America as a neophyte.
• Stachys paneiana Mouterde : The home is Lebanon.
• Stachys pannosa Phil .: The home is the northern and central Chile.
• Stachys parolinii Vis. : The home is Albania and western Greece.
• Stachys parviflora Benth. : It was founded in 1941 under the name Phlomidoschema parviflorum (Benth.) Vved. as the only species in the genus Phlomidoschema (Benth.) Vved. posed; that was not followed by others, so it's a synonym. It iswidespreadfrom north-east Iran via Afghanistan to Pakistan, Pamir-Alai , and north-west India .
• Stachys pauli Grossh. : The homeland is the eastern Transcaucasia .
• Stachys Peñanevada B.L.Turner : The home is the north-eastern Mexico.
• Stachys peruviana Dombey ex Benth. : The home is Peru.
• Stachys petrokosmos Rech. F. : This endemic occurs only in the Turkish province of Hatay .
• Stachys philippiana Vatke : The home is central Chile.
• Stachys pilifera Benth. (incl. Stachys ixodes Boiss. & Hausskn. ): The two subspecies occur in Iran.
• Stachys pilosa Nutt. : The distribution area extends from Alaska and Canada to the USA.
• Stachys pilosissima M. Martens & Galeotti : It is common in the Mexican states of Veracruz to Oaxaca .
• Stachys pinardii Boiss. : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys pinetorum Boiss. & Balansa : The homeland stretches from southern Turkey to Syria and Lebanon.
• Stachys pittieri Briq. : The home is Costa Rica.
• Stachys plumosa Griseb. : The two subspecies occur in North Macedonia, western Bulgaria and Greece.
• Stachys pringlei Greenm. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
• Stachys pseudobombycina Kaynak, Daşkın & Yılmaz : The homeland is southwestern Turkey.
• Stachys pseudohumifusa Sebsebe : The three subspecies are widespread in tropical Africa.
• Stachys pseudonigricans Gürke : The range extends from Tanzania to southern tropical Africa.
• Stachys pseudophlomis C.Y.Wu : It thrives in bamboo forests at altitudes of around 800 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan .
• Stachys pseudopinardii R.Bhattacharjee & Hub.-Mor. : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys pumila Banks & Sol. : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys pusilla (Wedd.) Briq. : They spread in western South America.
• Stachys pycnantha Benth. : The home is western and central California.
• Stachys pyramidalis J.K.Morton : The home is northern Nigeria.
• Stachys radicans Epling : The home is Mexico and Colombia.
• Stachys ramosissima Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : The homeland is eastern Turkey.
• Upright ziest ( Stachys recta L. ): It is distributed with about seven subspecies in Eurasia.
• Stachys rehmannii Skan : It occurs in the South African province of Limpopo.
• Stachys reptans Hedge : It is only known from two to five localities in Madagascar in the northern province of Antsiranana.
• Stachys reticulata Codd : It occurs in the South African province of Mpumalanga.
• Stachys riederi Cham. : The distribution area extends from Siberia to Japan.
• Stachys rigida Nutt. ex Benth. : The two subspecies are common in the western United States.
• Stachys riparia A.Pool : The home is Costa Rica.
• Stachys rivularis J.M.Wood & MSEvans : This endemic thrives in the montane grasslands at altitudes of around 1500 meters only in a small area in the districts of Mooi River and Lions River in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It was last collected in 1960 and in its small distribution area the habitats are threatened in many ways.
• Stachys rizeensis R.Bhattacharjee : The home is northeastern Turkey.
• Stachys rosea (Desf.) Boiss. : The home is northeastern Libya.
• Stachys rothrockii A.Gray : It is common in the US states of Utah , New Mexico and Arizona.
• Stachys rotundifolia Moc. & Sessé ex Benth. : It is common in central and southern Mexico.
• Stachys rubella Hedge : It is only known from two to five localities in Madagascar in the northern province of Fianarantsoa .
• Stachys rudatisii Skan : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
• Stachys rugosa Aiton : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys rupestris Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from southern Turkey to Syria.
• Stachys salisii Jord. & Fourr. : The homeland is Italy, Corsica and Sardinia.
• Stachys sanchezii Rzed. & A.García : The home is central Mexico.
• Stachys sandersii B.L. Turner : It occurs only in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí .
• Stachys saturejoides Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from eastern Turkey to northern Syria.
• Stachys saxicola Coss. & Balansa : The six subspecies are common in northwestern Africa.
• Stachys scaberula Vatke : The homeland ranges from Bhutan to Assam.
• Stachys scabrida Skan : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape and Western Cape.
• Stachys schimperi Vatke : It is common in northeastern tropical Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula.
• Stachys serbica Pancic : It is common on the Balkan Peninsula.
• Stachys sericantha P.H.Davis : The home is southwestern Turkey.
• Stachys sericea Cav. : The home is central Chile.
• Stachys sericophylla Halácsy : The home is southern Albania.
• Stachys sessilifolia E. Mey. : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
• Stachys sessilis Gürke : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys setifera C.A.Mey. : The two subspecies are distributed from southern Turkey to Central Asia.
• Stachys simplex Schltr. : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys × sintenisii Gand. = Stachys lavandulifolia × Stachys turcomanica
• Stachys sivasica Kit Tan & Yildiz : The home is Turkey.
• Stachys sparsipilosa R.Bhattacharjee & Hub.-Mor. : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys spathulata Burch. ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from southern Zimbabwe to southern Africa.
• Stachys spectabilis Choisy ex DC. : The distribution area extends from southern and eastern Turkey to Iran and Israel.
• Stachys speluncarum Contandr. & Quézel : The home is Turkey.
• Stachys sphaerodonta Baker : It is said to occur in central Madagascar.
• Stachys spinosa L .: The home is the southern Aegean islands.
• Stachys spinulosa Sm .: The distribution area extends from southeast Europe to western Turkey.
• Stachys spreitzenhoferi Heldr. : The two subspecies occur only in southern Greece.
• Stachys sprucei Briq. : The home is Ecuador.
• Stachys spruneri Boiss. : It occurs only in southeastern Greece.
• Stachys stebbinsii G.A.Mulligan & DBMunro : It is distributed from western California to northern Mexican Baja California .
• Stachys stricta Greene : It is only found in California.
• Stachys strictiflora C.Y.Wu : The two varieties thrive on grassy slopes at altitudes of 2100 to 3400 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
• Stachys subaphylla Rech. F. : The homeland is northern and northeastern Iran.
• Stachys sublobata Skan : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
• Stachys subnuda Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : The homeland is eastern Turkey.
• Stachys swainsonii Benth. : The three subspecies occur only in Greece.
• Forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica L. ): It thrives in temperate areas from Europe to Southwest and Central Asia ( Xinjiang , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Russia). It is grown in some areas of the world.
• Stachys taliensis C.Y.Wu It thrives in evergreen forests at altitudes of about 2000 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
• Stachys talyschensis Kapeller : The home is the south-eastern Transcaucasia.
• Stachys tamaulipana B.L. Turner : It was first described in 2013 from the Mexican states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas
• Stachys tenerrima Epling : It occurs only in Baja California Sur ,Mexico.
• Stachys tenuifolia Willd. : It is distributed from eastern Canada to the USA.
• Stachys tetragona Boiss. & Hero. : The home is Greece.
• Stachys thirkei K. Koch : The distribution area extends from south-eastern Europe to northern Turkey.
• Stachys thunbergii Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape and Western Cape.
• Stachys tibetica Vatke : It occurs from Pakistan via Kashmir and northwestern India to western Tibet.
• Stachys tlaxiacana B.L.Turner : The was first described from Mexico, 2013.
• Stachys tmolea Boiss. : The homeland is western Turkey.
• Stachys torresii B.L. Turner : The home is the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
• Stachys tournefortii Poir. : The home is Crete and Libya .
• Stachys trichophylla Baker : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa.
• Stachys trinervis Aitch. & Hemsl. : The range extends from northeastern Iran to Afghanistan.
• Stachys truncata Kunze ex Benth. : It is common in northern and central Chile.
• Stachys tubulosa MacOwan : It is common in southern Africa.
• Stachys tundjeliensis Kit Tan & Sorger : The home is eastern Turkey.
• Stachys turcomanica Trautv. (Syn .: Stachys paraplesia Rech. F. ): The distribution area extends from Turkmenistan to northeastern Iran.
• Stachys turkestanica (rule) Popov ex Knorring : The home is Central Asia.
• Stachys turneri Rzed. & Calderón : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Guanajuato .
• Stachys tymphaea Hausskn. : It spreads from Central Europe to Southeast Europe.
• Stachys tysonii Skan : The home is southern Africa.
• Stachys uniflora A.Pool : The home is Costa Rica and Panama.
• Stachys urticoides Epling : The home is Colombia.
• Stachys venezuelana Briq. : The home is Ecuador and northwestern Venezuela.
• Stachys venulosa Greene : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Durango .
• Stachys veroniciformis Rech. F. : The homeland is western Iran.
• Stachys virgata Bory & Chaub. : The home is southern Greece.
• Stachys viscosa Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : The distribution area extends from Turkey to the western Transcaucasia.
• Stachys viticina Boiss. : It is widespread from southern Turkey to Israel.
• Stachys vulnerabilis Rzed. & Calderón : It is common in northeastern Mexico.
• Stachys vuralii Yıldız, Dirmenci & Akçiçek : It was first described in 2011 from north-western Turkey.
• Stachys willemsei Kit Tan & Hedge : Home is Turkey.
• Stachys woronowii (Schischk. Ex Grossh.) RRMill : The distribution area extends from Turkey to Syria and western Iran.
• Stachys xanthantha C.Y.Wu : It only thrives in disturbed locations at altitudes of 1900 to 2300 meters in the Chinese province of Sichuan .
• Stachys yemenensis Hedge : The home is the Arabian Peninsula.
• Stachys yildirimlii Dinç : The home is southern Turkey.
• Stachys zeyheri Skan : It occurs in the South African province of North Cape.
• Stachys zoharyana Eig : The homeland is Palestine .

No longer counted to the genus Stachys in 2003:

• Stachys persepolitana Boiss. → Lamium persepolitanum (Boiss.) Jamzad
• Stachys siamensis Muschl. → Colquhounia elegans Wall. var. tenuiflora (Hook. f.) Prain

swell

literature

• Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 , pp. 180 .
• Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Stachys. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 178 (English, online ). (Sections Description and Systematics)
• PW Ball: Stachys L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 151–157 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
• Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 354-366 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Stachys. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 178 (English, online ).
2. ^ Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary. dtv, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-423-59045-9 , p. 1235 (reprint of the first edition 1854–1971).
3. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 580, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D580%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
5. ^ Stachys at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 10, 2015.
6. ↑ ^{a b} data sheet at Euro + Med PlantBase . with data from Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv} Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Stachys. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
8. ↑ PW Ball: Stachys L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 151–157 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
9. ↑ Anne-Cathrine Scheen, Mika Bendiksby, Olof Ryding, Cecilie Mathiesen, Victor A. Albert, Charlotte Lindqvist: Molecular phylogenetics, character evolution, and suprageric classification of Lamioideae (Lamiaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 97, No. 2, 2010, 191-217, DOI: 10.3417 / 2007174 , online .
10. ↑ Yasaman Salmaki, Shahin Zarre, Olof Ryding, Charlotte Lindqvist, Christian Bräuchler, Günther Heubl, Janet Barber, Mika Bendiksby: Molecular phylogeny of tribe Stachydeae (Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 69, No. 3, 2013, 535-551, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.07.024 .
11. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x} List of species for Stachys in the Red List of South African Plants
12. ^ Stachys in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Stachys at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
14. ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
15. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} IC Hedge, 2011: Stachys at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

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