Immenblatt

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Immenblatt
Immenblatt (Melittis melissophyllum)

Immenblatt ( Melittis melissophyllum )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Melittis
Type : Immenblatt
Scientific name of the  genus
Melittis
L.
Scientific name of the  species
Melittis melissophyllum
L.

The Bastard Balm ( Melittis melissophyllum ) is the only kind of monotypic genus Melittis within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

description

illustration
The classic color variant

Vegetative characteristics

The Immenblatt is a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters. It forms a creeping rhizome . The stems are erect and bluntly square. The stems and leaves are densely covered with soft limb hairs.

The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 0.5 to 3 millimeters long. The simple leaf blade is ovate, wrinkled, hairy on both sides and roughly serrate to notched on the edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to June. One to three flowers each sit in the upper leaf axils and are often one-sided.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is 1.5 to 2 centimeters long, broadly bell-shaped, ten-nerved, and short, often glandular, hairy on the edge and on the nerves. The calyx upper lip is three-toothed to entire and longer than the two-toothed lower lip. The crown is 3 to 4.5 inches long and is usually white on the outside. The upper lip is white or light purple in color and dotted inside. The upper lip is entire, finely hairy glandular. The lower lip usually has a bright purple-purple central lobe. Sometimes, especially in South Tyrol, the corolla is pure white.

The partial fruits are 3.5 to 4 millimeters long, smooth or hairy. When they are damp, they slimy.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

ecology

In Melittis melissophyllum is a hemicryptophytes .

From an ecological point of view, it is proterandric, nectar-bearing, honey-scented lip flowers. The bee leaf is pollinated by bumblebees and butterflies .

Systematics

The genus Melittis was established with the first publication of Melittis melissophyllum by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, 1753, page 597.

The genus name Melittis is a new formation Linnaeus for this plant species, which was previously called Lamium montanum or Melissae folio . It is derived from the Greek μέλισσα mélissa, (mélitta) for "bee". The specific epithet is derived from the Latin mel for “honey” and the Latinized form of the Greek word φύλλον phyllon for “leaf”, which is explained by the honey smell of the crushed leaves. The name melissophyllon is already used by Virgil (Georgica 4.63) and Pliny the Elder (Naturalis historia book 20.116 and 21.149) for the Immenblatt.

Few authors differentiate between the following subspecies (as of 2003):

  • Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida (cast.) PWBall : It occurs in Sardinia and from south-eastern Europe to northern Turkey .
  • Melittis melissophyllum subsp. carpatica (Klokov) PWBall : It occurs in the northeastern Alps and from the Carpathians to the Baltic States .
  • Melittis melissophyllum subsp. melissophyllum : It occurs from western and south- western Europe to Italy .

The subspecies like Melittis melissophyllum subsp. carpatica is questioned by Fischer (2005).

Occurrence

Melittis melissophyllum is a meridional / montane to south-temperate floral element in oceanic Europe. The distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula , France and the British Isles to Germany and Italy to Poland and the entire Balkan Peninsula to the Baltic States and central and southwestern Russia and Turkey.

In Austria it occurs in all federal states with the exception of Vorarlberg. In Salzburg and Tyrol it is only known to the south of the main Alpine ridge, namely in Lungau and East Tyrol . In Germany, it occurs in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Brandenburg, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, although in the northern federal states it is classified as critically endangered or critically endangered. It is also at home in Switzerland.

The Immenblatt grows in warmth- loving noble deciduous forests of the colline to montane altitude . It usually grows on moderately fresh, chalky, loose and humus-rich clay and loam soils . It is a trim characteristic species of thermally bonded mixed oak forests (Quercetalia pubescentis).

Picture gallery

  • Habitus

  • inflorescence

  • Pink color variant

  • White color variant

  • With spotted flowers

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names . 3. completely revised and exp. Aufl. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 379 (reprinted 1996).
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Immenblatt . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  799-800 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Melittis melissophyllum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 16, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Immenblatt ( Melittis melissophyllum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files