Wilhelm (Baden-Baden)

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Margrave Wilhelm around 1628

Margrave Wilhelm von Baden (born July 30, 1593 in Baden-Baden ; † May 22, 1677 there ) was regent of the margraviate of Baden-Baden from 1621 to 1677 .

Life

Wilhelm von Baden is the eldest son of Margrave Eduard Fortunat and Maria von Eicken . He was a privy councilor , field marshal and imperial chamber judge at Speyer , which earned him the popular nickname Wilhelm the chamber judge . He was the bearer of the Order of the Golden Fleece . Wilhelm was educated at the court of his guardian Archduke Albrecht in Brussels and Cologne . He himself was the tutor of his grandson and later successor Ludwig Wilhelm .

Wilhelm von Baden was only able to reign over his lands in 1622, after Tilly's victory over Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach near Wimpfen . Georg Friedrich and his brother Ernst Friedrich occupied the margraviate of Baden-Baden in 1594, citing contracts from the House of Baden ( Upper Baden occupation ).

Wilhelm had received the margraviate to secure it for the Catholic party and when the ruling of the Reichshofrat was pronounced, he promised the Apostolic Nuncio Carafa to return the margraviate of Baden-Baden to the Catholic Church. By the end of 1622, all Protestant pastors were dismissed and expelled from the country. Since there were not enough Catholic pastors available quickly, Wilhelm accepted vacancies and many parishes were only looked after by traveling priests for a while. Wilhelm brought the Jesuits and Capuchins into the country with whose help he carried out a quick and uncompromising Counter-Reformation . All residents who did not want to convert to the Catholic faith were threatened with expulsion from the country. With his church and police ordinance of October 25, 1625 , he rigorously intervened in the private lives of his subjects. At the end of the 17th century, the margraviate of Baden-Baden was therefore one of the few secular imperial estates in which only the Catholic Church was accepted.

Wilhelm I of Baden

During the reign of Wilhelm, in the middle of the Thirty Years War , the worst witch persecutions occurred in Baden. Between 1626 and 1631, 244 people, the majority of whom were women, from the offices of Kuppenheim / Rastatt , Baden-Baden, Steinbach and Bühl were accused of witchcraft, of which 231 were convicted and executed.

In 1631 Wilhelm lost the reign again, this time to the Swedish general Gustaf Graf Horn , and only got it back through the Peace of Prague on May 30, 1635 and the Peace of Westphalia on October 24, 1648 in Münster .

Marriages and offspring

First marriage: Wilhelm I married Princess Katharina Ursula von Hohenzollern-Hechingen († June 2, 1640), the daughter of Prince Johann Georg von Hohenzollern-Hechingen , on October 13, 1624 .

  • Ferdinand Maximilian (born September 23, 1625 in Baden-Baden; † November 4, 1669 in Heidelberg )
  • Leopold Wilhelm (born September 16, 1626; † March 1, 1671 in Baden-Baden), emperor. Field Marshal
  • Philipp Siegmund (born August 25, 1627; † 1647), Maltese
  • Wilhelm Christoph (born October 12, 1628 in Baden-Baden; † August 25, 1652), Canon of Cologne
  • Hermann (born October 12, 1628 in Baden-Baden; † October 2, 1691), general in the Turkish wars, principal commissioner
  • Bernhard (born October 22, 1629; † 1648/49 in Rome )
  • Isabella Eugenie Klara (14 November 1630 - 1632)
  • Katharina Franziska Henriette (born November 19, 1631, † August 1691 in Besançon ), nun
  • Claudia (born May 15, 1633; † young)
  • Henriette (born July 12, 1634; † young)
  • Anna (* July 12, 1634; † March 31, 1708 in Baden-Baden)
  • Maria (1636-1636)
  • Franz (1637-1637)
  • Maria Juliane (1638-1638)

Second marriage: Wilhelm I married Countess Maria Magdalena von Oettingen (* 1619; † August 31, 1688), the daughter of Count Ernst von Oettingen-Katzenstein , in 1650

  • Philipp Franz Wilhelm (born April 30, 1652 in Baden-Baden; † January 14, 1655)
  • Maria Anna Wilhelmine (born September 8, 1655 in Baden-Baden; † August 22, 1701) ⚭ July 17, 1680 Prince Ferdinand August von Lobkowitz
  • Karl Bernhard (born January 14, 1657 in Baden-Baden, † July 6, 1678 in Rheinfelden )
  • Eve
  • Maria

See also: Stammliste des Haus Baden

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Köhler: Authoritative change of denomination in condominiums. A case study on their conditions and methods using the example of Baden-Baden's religious policy under the government of Margrave Wilhelm (1622–1677) . Aschendorff, Münster 1975, ISBN 3-402-03717-3 .
  • Johann Christian Sachs: Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . Third part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1769, p. 315–412 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Wolfgang Reiss: The witch trials in the city of Baden-Baden. In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv , 91st volume = 3rd volume, 23 volume, 1971, pp. 202–266 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Ernst Hermann: The witches of Baden-Baden: according to the original files of the general grand duke. State Archives in Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe, 1890 digitized version of the Bavarian State Library
  • Karl Friedrich Lederle: On the history of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in the margraviate of Baden-Baden. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 47, 1919, pp. 1–45, here in particular pp. 33–43 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm I. von Baden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Lederle pp. 33-43
  2. ↑ Martin Burkart: Witches and witch trials in Baden . Durmersheim 2009.
  3. ↑ s. cutter
predecessor Office successor
Georg Friedrich Margrave of Baden-Baden
1622–1677 		Ludwig Wilhelm
personal data
SURNAME Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wilhelm of Baden
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Baden
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1593
PLACE OF BIRTH Baden-Baden
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1677
Place of death Baden-Baden