Friedrich VII. Magnus (Baden-Durlach)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Margrave Friedrich VII Magnus of Baden-Durlach

Margrave Friedrich VII. Magnus of Baden-Durlach (born September 23, 1647 in Ueckermünde ; † June 25, 1709 at the Karlsburg in Durlach ) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 to 1709 .

Life

Friedrich Magnus was the eldest son of Margrave Friedrich VI. von Baden-Durlach and Christine Magdalena von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg , who reached adulthood.

Friedrich Magnus's upbringing included the usual trips to France (1664–66 and 67/68), Italy (1668), Holland and England (1669) for princely children . In addition to language skills (Latin, Italian, French), knowledge of mathematics and architecture is attributed to him, but a "complete aversion to warfare".

After Friedrich Magnus first sought protection from the French troops in Basel in 1674/75, he temporarily took over the affairs of state from his father in 1676 and after his father's death in 1677 became the ruling Margrave of Baden-Durlach.

Coat of arms of the Margraves of Baden (around 1560) from the facsimile edition of Siebmacher's coat of
arms book from 1703

The reign of Friedrich Magnus was marked by the so-called Reunion Wars of the French King Louis XIV. Already in the Dutch War and then in the Palatinate War of Succession, the area on the Upper Rhine suffered from constant incursions by the French marshals. The country was devastated and the population, which had grown slowly again after the Thirty Years War , was again reduced by a quarter. The government authorities of the margraviate were relocated to Basel from 1689 to 1697 . The margrave himself found refuge in Basel in 1703–1705 and 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession .

The Dutch War in 1678 on the Upper Rhine

In 1678 imperial troops occupied the Durlach castles in the Baden Oberland , Rötteln and the stronghold . French troops besieged Rötteln unsuccessfully, but they caused considerable destruction in the surrounding area. The camps of the imperial army near Emmendingen and the French near Denzlingen also caused considerable damage. In the peace treaty of Nijmegen , Baden-Durlach received no compensation for this damage and France built the new Hüningen fortress immediately after the peace treaty, which in future posed a major threat to the Baden Oberland.

Attack and loss of the Hohengeroldseck rule

After the death of the last Count von Kronberg (in the wing tribe) in 1692, Friedrich Magnus revived the claim to the Hohengeroldseck rule inherited from his grandfather, Friedrich V. He informed the emperor of this, took possession of the rule six months after the death of the Kronberger and asked for imperial confirmation. This remained undisputed until 1695, when Karl Kaspar von der Leyen, for his part, raised claims to the rule, with the support of the Austrian court chancellery. Friedrich Magnus lodged an objection to the Reichshofrat, who on February 1, 1697 asked the court chancellery not to take any further steps. Nonetheless, on February 8th, this demanded that the margrave withdraw from the Geroldseck rule. When the margrave refused, the Austrian bailiff in Ortenau, Karl II. Von Neveu, had a 300-strong military contingent deployed on April 16, 1697, who removed the Baden coat of arms, took Dautenstein Castle by force and drove the Baden officials out. The population was asked to pay homage to Karl Kasper von der Leyen. All the ideas of the margrave at the Reichshofrat and the Swabian Reichskreis changed nothing in the created facts.

The settlement of the Huguenots in 1699

Friedrich Magnus endeavored to revitalize his country and in 1699 also settled around 500 Huguenots in the places Welsch-Neureut and the Friedrichstal named after him . The settlers of Friedrichstal had initially found their first refuge in Billigheim and came mainly from the northern French area west of Armentières ; the settlers of Welsch-Neureut came to a large extent from the French province of Dauphiné and Languedoc . The French settlers also brought tobacco seeds and laid the foundation for tobacco cultivation on the Upper Rhine.

Marriage and offspring

The seven-year-old Hereditary Prince Karl Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach together with his mother Augusta Maria of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and his father Friedrich Magnus of Baden-Durlach.

Margrave Friedrich VII. Magnus married on May 15, 1670 in Husum Augusta Maria von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (* February 6, 1649, † April 25, 1728), the daughter of Duke Friedrich III. von Holstein-Gottorf and the Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony . The following children were born from the marriage:

  • Friedrich Magnus (born January 13, 1672; † February 24, 1672 at Karlsburg in Durlach)
  • Friederike Auguste (born June 21, 1673 - † July 27, 1674 at Karlsburg in Durlach)
  • Christine Sofie (born December 17, 1674 - † January 22, 1676 in Basel)
  • Klaudia Magdalene Elisabeth (born November 15, 1675 - † April 18, 1676 in Basel)
  • Katharina (born October 10, 1677 at Karlsburg in Durlach; † August 11, 1746 in Dürkheim ), married Count Johann Friedrich von Leiningen-Hardenburg on June 19, 1701 (* March 18, 1661; † February 9, 1722).
  • Charles III Wilhelm , Margrave of Baden-Durlach 1709–1738 (born January 17, 1679 in Durlach; † May 12, 1738 in Karlsruhe)
  • Johanna Elisabeth (* October 3, 1680 in Karlsburg; † July 2, 1757 at Stetten Castle , Remstal), married May 16, 1697 Eberhard IV. Ludwig von Württemberg (* September 18, 1676; † October 31, 1733)
  • Albertine Friederike (born July 3, 1682 in Karlsburg, † December 22, 1755 in Hamburg), married Christian August von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf on September 3, 1704 (January 11, 1673; † April 24, 1726), from 1705 Prince-Bishop of Lübeck
  • Christoph (born October 9, 1684 in Karlsburg; † May 2, 1723 in Karlsruhe )
  • Charlotte Sofie (born March 1, 1686 in Karlsburg, † October 5, 1689 in Basel)
  • Marie Anna (born July 9, 1688 in Karlsburg, † March 8, 1689 in Basel)

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Georg Friedrich Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1573–1638)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Friedrich V Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1594–1659)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Juliane Ursula von Salm-Neufville (1572-1614)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Friedrich VI. Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1617–1677)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Friedrich I. Duke of Württemberg (1557–1608)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barbara of Württemberg (1593–1627)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sibylla of Anhalt (1564–1614)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Friedrich VII. Magnus Margrave of Baden-Durlach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Johann I of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1550–1604)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Johann Kasimir von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (1589–1652)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Magdalena von Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1553–1633)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Christine Magdalena of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg (1616–1662)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles IX King of Sweden (1550-1611)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Katharina Wasa of Sweden (1584–1638)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anna Maria of the Palatinate (1561–1589)
 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

literature

  • Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . tape 5 . Lotter, Carlsruhe 1773, p. 1–66 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Matthäus Merian (Hrsg.): The shortest possible / but thorough genealogical derivation / From ancient origins and arrivals Beyder high-princely houses Baden and Holstein , Frankfurt a. M. 1672
  • Albert Krieger : The marriage of Margrave Friedrich Magnus of Baden-Durlach and Princess Auguste Marie of Schleswig-Holstein. In: Großherzogliches General-Landesarchiv Karlsruhe (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the fiftieth anniversary of the reign of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden. Pp. 107-136 in the Internet Archive
  • Augusta Marie von Baden-Durlach: Ballet for the most lucid prince, Mr. Fridrich Magnus, marggrave of Baden and Hochberg, ... date of birth / of the also lucid princess, women Augusta Maria, marggravine of Baden and Hochberg, etc. .. . presented September 23, 1694 ,

Individual evidence

  1. s. Sachs p. 3.
  2. From the German point of view, the term "predatory wars" is also in use
  3. ^ Karl Stiefel: Baden - 1648–1952 , Karlsruhe 1977, p. 67.
  4. ^ Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravlichen old princely house of Baden . Fourth part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1770, p. 582-584 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ( http://www.reformiert-online.net/agora2/docs/hug00_1.pdf magazine "Huguenots" No. 1/2000 online)
  6. s. Sachs p. 5.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Magnus von Baden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich VI. Margrave of Baden-Durlach
1677–1709
Charles III