Hermann V. (Baden)
Margrave Hermann V of Baden († January 16, 1243 ) was titular margrave of Verona and ruling margrave of Baden from 1190 to 1243 . With the acquisition of the cities of Pforzheim , Durlach and Ettlingen , he succeeded in building a solid foundation for territorial rule.
Life
Hermann V. was the son of Hermann IV of Baden and Bertha von Tübingen . After the death of his father (1190) he was - probably still a minor - together with his brother Friedrich († 1217) margrave of the Baden areas in the Ufgau and Pfinzgau , the rule of Yburg ( Yburg , Steinbach , Sinzheim ). His second brother Heinrich founded the sidelines of the margraves of Baden-Hachberg around 1212 , thereby dividing the margraviate of Baden.
During the reign of Hermann V, Backnang and Besigheim were expanded into a town. In 1219, Hermann raised Stuttgart (then in Baden ownership) to the rank of city.
Around 1219 Pforzheim came as a dowry from his wife Irmengard bei Rhein to Hermann and with it the Margraviate of Baden . In addition, he received Ettlingen as a fief. When in 1227 his father, Henry I of the Rhine , died, Hermann inherited along with his brother, Otto of Bavaria , Brunswick . Hermann exchanged his share with the emperor for the city of Durlach and the lien over Lauffen am Neckar , Sinsheim and Eppingen . When in 1218 the Zähringen main line of the male line died out with Berthold V. , Hermann raised no claims to inheritance and Berthold's brothers-in-law inherited the Zähringen allodial property . Emperor Friedrich II withdrew the imperial fiefs . Hermann's brother Heinrich received the Landgraviate in Breisgau from the estate of the Zähringer family . With the death of his niece Gertrud von Dagsburg in 1225, her inheritance fell to Hermann and his brother Heinrich after a court decision in 1226. To avoid inheritance disputes with the Counts of Leiningen , the brothers sell the inheritance to the Bishop of Strasbourg, Berthold I von Teck . Hermann was thus able to raise the deposit for Lauffen, Sinsheim and Eppingen.
In the political turmoil
In the German war of the throne of 1198 Hermann V stood on the side of King Philip and after his death (1208) on the side of Emperor Otto IV. After Otto's loss of power (1212) he became a confidante of Emperor Friedrich II. He was in the wake of Friedrich II traveling all over Germany and Italy .
He was also a councilor at the court of King Henry (VII ) until he fell out with him in 1234 because of his despotic demeanor and also got into military disputes with his follower Gottfried von Neifen and his family. In the course of these battles, the Backnang Abbey, of which Hermann was patron, was burned. In 1235 Hermann was a participant in the Mainz Court Day when Friedrich II deposed his son Heinrich as German king. Until 1238 Hermann remained in the closest royal entourage.
Unsuccessful campaigns
In 1221 he took part in the Fifth Crusade to Egypt with Duke Ludwig von Bayern , where the crusaders were defeated in the Nile Delta near al-Mansura . The port city of Damiette , conquered by the crusaders in 1219, had to be abandoned and Hermann returned home. His brother and co-regent Friedrich had also participated in the crusade and had been killed before Damiette, so that Hermann remained in his territory as the sole regent.
In 1241 he succeeded King Wenceslaus of Bohemia, the Duke Heinrich of Silesia, who hurried to help against the invaded Mongols. These auxiliary troops came too late to prevent Heinrich's defeat and death in the defensive battle of Liegnitz .
Patrons of the monasteries
Hermann is considered a patron of the Maulbronn , Tennenbach , Herrenalb , Selz , Salem and Backnang monasteries . His wife Irmengard bei Rhein is considered to be the founder of the Lichtenthal monastery in Baden-Baden in 1245 , which later became the burial place of the margraves of Baden.
Restless final rest
Margrave Hermann V was buried in the Augustinian canons of Backnang until his widow had his body transferred to the Lichtenthal monastery in 1248 .
Marriage and offspring
Around 1217 he married Countess Palatine Irmengard bei Rhein (* around 1200; † 24 February 1260), the daughter of Count Palatine Heinrich I bei Rhein , the eldest son of Heinrich the Lion . The following children were born from the marriage:
- Hermann , (* around 1225 - † October 4, 1250); later Duke of Austria
- Rudolf , (* around 1230 - † November 19, 1288); later ruling margrave
- Mechthild , († around 1258) ⚭ April 4, 1251 Count Ulrich I of Württemberg (* around 1222; † February 25, 1265), named the founder.
- Elisabeth
- ⚭ Count Eberhard V. von Eberstein , son of Eberhard IV. Von Eberstein
- ⚭ Ludwig II of Lichtenberg .
See also
literature
- Johann Christian Sachs: Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . First part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1764, p. 329–364 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Joseph Bader : Margrave Hermann the Fifth of Baden , Karlsruhe 1851 online in the Google book search
- Regesta Imperii 1197, number 604 ( online )
- Regesta of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050-1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , first volume, Innsbruck 1900, pp. 13–31 online in the internet archive
- Hansmartin Schwarzmaier : Baden . In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , pp. 178-182.
Web links
Individual references / comments
- ↑ s. Homepage of the city of Backnang
- ↑ s. Bader p. 48
- ↑ s. Bader p. 35f.
- ↑ s. also K. Weller: On the war history of the rebellion of King Heinrich against Friedrich II .; In: Württembergische Vierteljahreshefte, 1895, p. 178 ( Online ; PDF; 18.1 MB)
- ↑ s. Homepage of the Lichtenthal Abbey
- ↑ Bader s. P. 22 assumes that Otto IV wanted to get the Swabian nobility to his side by marrying his niece.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Hermann IV. |
Margrave of Baden Margrave of Verona 1190–1243 |
Rudolf I. (together with Hermann VI. ) |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Hermann V. |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hermann V. of Baden |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Margrave of Verona and Baden (1190–1243) |
DATE OF BIRTH | 12th century or 13th century |
DATE OF DEATH | January 16, 1243 |