Hermann V. (Baden)

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Seal of Margrave Hermann V.

Margrave Hermann V of Baden († January 16, 1243 ) was titular margrave of Verona and ruling margrave of Baden from 1190 to 1243 . With the acquisition of the cities of Pforzheim , Durlach and Ettlingen , he succeeded in building a solid foundation for territorial rule.

Life

Hermann V. was the son of Hermann IV of Baden and Bertha von Tübingen . After the death of his father (1190) he was - probably still a minor - together with his brother Friedrich († 1217) margrave of the Baden areas in the Ufgau and Pfinzgau , the rule of Yburg ( Yburg , Steinbach , Sinzheim ). His second brother Heinrich founded the sidelines of the margraves of Baden-Hachberg around 1212 , thereby dividing the margraviate of Baden.

During the reign of Hermann V, Backnang and Besigheim were expanded into a town. In 1219, Hermann raised Stuttgart (then in Baden ownership) to the rank of city.

Around 1219 Pforzheim came as a dowry from his wife Irmengard bei Rhein to Hermann and with it the Margraviate of Baden . In addition, he received Ettlingen as a fief. When in 1227 his father, Henry I of the Rhine , died, Hermann inherited along with his brother, Otto of Bavaria , Brunswick . Hermann exchanged his share with the emperor for the city of Durlach and the lien over Lauffen am Neckar , Sinsheim and Eppingen . When in 1218 the Zähringen main line of the male line died out with Berthold V. , Hermann raised no claims to inheritance and Berthold's brothers-in-law inherited the Zähringen allodial property . Emperor Friedrich II withdrew the imperial fiefs . Hermann's brother Heinrich received the Landgraviate in Breisgau from the estate of the Zähringer family . With the death of his niece Gertrud von Dagsburg in 1225, her inheritance fell to Hermann and his brother Heinrich after a court decision in 1226. To avoid inheritance disputes with the Counts of Leiningen , the brothers sell the inheritance to the Bishop of Strasbourg, Berthold I von Teck . Hermann was thus able to raise the deposit for Lauffen, Sinsheim and Eppingen.

In the political turmoil

In the German war of the throne of 1198 Hermann V stood on the side of King Philip and after his death (1208) on the side of Emperor Otto IV. After Otto's loss of power (1212) he became a confidante of Emperor Friedrich II. He was in the wake of Friedrich II traveling all over Germany and Italy .

He was also a councilor at the court of King Henry (VII ) until he fell out with him in 1234 because of his despotic demeanor and also got into military disputes with his follower Gottfried von Neifen and his family. In the course of these battles, the Backnang Abbey, of which Hermann was patron, was burned. In 1235 Hermann was a participant in the Mainz Court Day when Friedrich II deposed his son Heinrich as German king. Until 1238 Hermann remained in the closest royal entourage.

Unsuccessful campaigns

In 1221 he took part in the Fifth Crusade to Egypt with Duke Ludwig von Bayern , where the crusaders were defeated in the Nile Delta near al-Mansura . The port city of Damiette , conquered by the crusaders in 1219, had to be abandoned and Hermann returned home. His brother and co-regent Friedrich had also participated in the crusade and had been killed before Damiette, so that Hermann remained in his territory as the sole regent.

In 1241 he succeeded King Wenceslaus of Bohemia, the Duke Heinrich of Silesia, who hurried to help against the invaded Mongols. These auxiliary troops came too late to prevent Heinrich's defeat and death in the defensive battle of Liegnitz .

Patrons of the monasteries

Hermann is considered a patron of the Maulbronn , Tennenbach , Herrenalb , Selz , Salem and Backnang monasteries . His wife Irmengard bei Rhein is considered to be the founder of the Lichtenthal monastery in Baden-Baden in 1245 , which later became the burial place of the margraves of Baden.

Restless final rest

Margrave Hermann V was buried in the Augustinian canons of Backnang until his widow had his body transferred to the Lichtenthal monastery in 1248 .

Marriage and offspring

Around 1217 he married Countess Palatine Irmengard bei Rhein (* around 1200; † 24 February 1260), the daughter of Count Palatine Heinrich I bei Rhein , the eldest son of Heinrich the Lion . The following children were born from the marriage:

  1. ⚭ Count Eberhard V. von Eberstein , son of Eberhard IV. Von Eberstein
  2. ⚭ Ludwig II of Lichtenberg .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Herman V of Baden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual references / comments

  1. ↑ s. Homepage of the city of Backnang
  2. ↑ s. Bader p. 48
  3. ↑ s. Bader p. 35f.
  4. ↑ s. also K. Weller: On the war history of the rebellion of King Heinrich against Friedrich II .; In: Württembergische Vierteljahreshefte, 1895, p. 178 ( Online ; PDF; 18.1 MB)
  5. ↑ s. Homepage of the Lichtenthal Abbey
  6. ↑ Bader s. P. 22 assumes that Otto IV wanted to get the Swabian nobility to his side by marrying his niece.
predecessor Office successor
Hermann IV. Margrave of Baden
Margrave of Verona
1190–1243 		Rudolf I.
(together with Hermann VI. )
personal data
SURNAME Hermann V.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hermann V. of Baden
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Verona and Baden (1190–1243)
DATE OF BIRTH 12th century or 13th century
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1243