Yburg

Yburg
	Yburg castle ruins (Black Forest)
Creation time :	around 1200
Castle type :	Hilltop castle
Conservation status:	ruin
Place:	Steinbach , Neuweier and Varnhalt
Geographical location	48 ° 43 '50 " N , 8 ° 12' 1" E Coordinates: 48 ° 43 '50 " N , 8 ° 12' 1" E
Height:	520.1 m above sea level NHN

The Yburg is a ruin on the western edge of the Black Forest near Baden-Baden .

location

The Höhenburg lies at the transition from the Upper Rhine Plain to the Black Forest on the summit of 520.1 m above sea level. NHN high Ybergs . It is the landmark of the Baden-Baden vineyards and the villages of Steinbach , Neuweier and Varnhalt . From the castle you have an excellent all-round view of the Rhine plain and the Black Forest.

history

The exact timing of the creation is not known. The former knight's castle was probably built around 1200, at least around this time there was a lot of construction activity. In the first known construction phase, the western keep and the curtain wall were built . Only the remains of the wall and the tower remain from the original castle.

The Margraves of Baden had the castle as an imperial fief . Margrave Hermann V inherited the rule of Iberg in 1190 with the parishes of Steinbach and Sinzheim . His widow founded the Lichtenthal monastery in 1245 ; the deed on the occasion of a donation to the monastery contains the first written mention of the castle. It can be seen from it that the bailiffs Burkhard and Heinrich Röder owned the castle as a fiefdom from the margraves Hermann VI. and Rudolf I. have taken. The next mention is in 1309 when the castle was passed to Margrave Friedrich II as a result of an inheritance . For 3,140 pounds of Heller, the castle moved in 1328, together with Sinzheim and Steinbach, from Margrave Friedrich II to his cousin Rudolf III. However, Margrave Friedrich II reserved the right to repurchase the castle.

The Yburg is named after the Yberg on which it stands. According to the information board in front of the castle, the name Yberg goes back to Eibenberg, i.e. a mountain with yew trees.

First destruction of the castle

In 1333 Steinbach was as pledge under the Count of Öttingen ; this was in dispute with the bishop of Strasbourg . It is believed that the Knights von Bach and von Stein, the Vögte Röder der Yburg, and three owners of mansions from Steinbach attacked a bishop's train of goods. During this raid, not only were the goods looted, but the merchants were also taken hostage to extort a ransom. The bishop of Strasbourg was so angry that he declared war on the knights, as a result of which the mansions, noble houses and the Yburg were destroyed.

In the following years there are several documented mentions when the owner of the castle changed. The last knight of the Yburg becomes the knight Konrad in 1442. From 1510 the old spelling Iburg is no longer used and Yburg is written according to today's spelling.

Second destruction of the castle

In the years 1450 to 1525 there were repeated attacks by the lords of the Yburg and other princes on peasants and workers; There is evidence of a few attacks by the more than 80-strong Yburg crew on workers in the Varnhalt quarry . In 1525 the peasants fight back in the peasant revolt and pillage the Yburg.

When the estate was divided in 1535, the Yburg came to the margraviate of Baden-Baden . In 1594, Margrave Eduard Fortunat tried to increase his fortune on the Yburg by counterfeiting and running an alchemist workshop in the cellar vaults; for this purpose he had employed the alchemist Francesco Muskatelli and his assistant Paul Pestalozzi . In 1598, as part of the occupation of Upper Baden, the Yburg came under the administration of the Baden-Durlach line, which from 1617 to 1622 had the eastern keep and the gate kennel with the bastion re-fortified and guns placed. From 1622 the Yburg belonged again to Baden-Baden.

Third destruction of the castle

During the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689, the Yburg was destroyed with serious consequences, the consequences of which were preserved for 200 years. In addition to the castle, Steinbach and Baden-Baden and the two Baden castles are also being reduced to rubble. The French destroy the roofs of the houses, loot the supplies and finally set everything on fire. Citizens who fight back are shot. A lightning strike split the east tower in 1781 and from 1792 the residents of Steinbach were allowed to use the castle as a quarry for the construction of the Neuweier bridge. Two more lightning strikes in 1840 and 1987 caused further damage to the tower.

In the years 1888 to 1913, various restoration work was carried out on the walls of the Yburg. Various dates carved into the masonry testify to this. Today's restaurant "Schweizerhaus" was built in 1892 over the foundation walls of the former palace , the last building activity was restoration of the masonry and in 1977 the closure of a breach in the northern curtain wall .

investment

The facility takes up an area of 150 by 32 meters. Today's entrance at ground level on the east wall of the western keep was broken into by miners in 1883. In addition, a staircase leading upwards along the inner walls was installed, with a total of 112 steps to access the 20-meter-high tower as a lookout tower again since 1985 .

and display information about the image

Panorama from the Yburg to the north with Fremersberg on the left, Hardberg in the middle and Battert on the right

Todays use

The Yburg is open for sightseeing and is also a popular destination because of the restaurant. It is one of the state's own monuments and is looked after by the “ State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg ”.

literature

Albert Hausenstein: The Yburg in history and legend . 1932, 24 pp.
Bertram Sandfuchs: The Yburg (Iburg) . In: Hugo Schneider (Ed.): Castles and palaces in central Baden . Series of publications: Die Ortenau: Journal of the Historisches Verein für Mittelbaden , Volume 64. Verlag des Historisches Verein für Mittelbaden, Offenburg 1984, ISSN 0342-1503 , pp. 130-139.
Wilfried Lienhard: 100 years under Yburg and Fremersberg. The 20th century in the Baden-Badener Rebland and in Sinzheim . Ed .: Förderverein Sinzheimer Brauchtum e. V .; Historical Association Yburg e. V. [Sinzheim]: Förderverein Sinzheimer Customs, 2001, 216 pp.
Heiko Wagner: Theiss Castle Guide Upper Rhine. 66 castles from Basel to Karlsruhe . Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1710-6 .

Web links

Commons : Yburg (Baden-Baden) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
↑ Information according to the site plan of the Yburg ruins

[DE_BFN-Karten-1] Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )

[2] Information according to the site plan of the Yburg ruins