Besigheim

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Besigheim
Besigheim
Map of Germany, location of the city of Besigheim highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '  N , 9 ° 8'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Stuttgart
County : Ludwigsburg
Height : 202 m above sea level NHN
Area : 16.83 km 2
Residents: 12,627 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 750 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 74354
Area code : 07143
License plate : LB, VAI
Community key : 08 1 18 007
LOCODE : DE BEM

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 12
74354 Besigheim
Website : www.besigheim.de
Mayor : Steffen Bühler ( CDU )
Location of the city of Besigheim in the Ludwigsburg district
Erdmannhausen Erdmannhausen Remseck am Neckar Schwieberdingen Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Oberstenfeld Oberstenfeld Mundelsheim Mundelsheim Affalterbach Asperg Benningen am Neckar Besigheim Besigheim Bönnigheim Erligheim Freudental Gemmrigheim Großbottwar Großbottwar Hessigheim Löchgau Murr (Gemeinde) Murr (Gemeinde) Pleidelsheim Pleidelsheim Steinheim an der Murr Tamm Walheim Ingersheim Freiberg am Neckar Bietigheim-Bissingen Bietigheim-Bissingen Ditzingen Eberdingen Kornwestheim Möglingen Oberriexingen Sersheim Vaihingen an der Enz Sachsenheim Korntal-Münchingen Ludwigsburg Markgröningen Hemmingen Gerlingen Kirchheim am Neckarmap
About this picture
General view of the old town
Besigheim logo

Besigheim [ ˈbeːzɪçha͜im ] is a small town in the Ludwigsburg district about 25 km north of Stuttgart and 15 km south of Heilbronn . It belongs to the Stuttgart region and the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . Besigheim has been a state-approved resort since October 18, 2005 .

Besigheim is known nationwide primarily for its medieval old town with numerous half-timbered houses.

geography

Geographical location

Besigheim is located 13 kilometers north of Ludwigsburg at the inlet of the Enz to the Neckar , its largest left tributary. The old town is picturesquely situated on the elongated, steeply sloping estuary, surrounded on three sides by the two rivers.

City structure

Besigheim consists of the core town of Besigheim and the hamlet of Husarenhof in the south, which previously belonged to Besigheim . On September 1, 1971, the former community of Ottmarsheim was incorporated, whose area is an exclave northeast of Besigheim with the village of Ottmarsheim as the only place.

Neighboring communities

Around the central municipality of Besigheim are the municipalities of Walheim in the northwest, Gemmrigheim in the northeast, Hessigheim in the east, Ingersheim in the southeast, the city of Bietigheim-Bissingen in the southwest and the municipality of Löchgau in the west.

The Ottmarsheim exclave is located between the municipal areas of Neckarwestheim in the north and northeast, Mundelsheim in the southeast and south, Hessigheim in the southwest and Gemmrigheim in the west, of which Neckarwestheim alone belongs to the neighboring district of Heilbronn .

Division of space

According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.

Spatial planning

Besigheim, together with the neighboring town of Bietigheim-Bissingen, forms a medium -sized center within the Stuttgart region , the regional center of which is Stuttgart . The towns and communities in the north of the Ludwigsburg district belong to the central area of ​​the Bietigheim-Bissingen / Besigheim center, in particular: Bönnigheim , Erligheim , Freudental , Gemmrigheim , Hessigheim , Ingersheim , Kirchheim am Neckar , Löchgau , Mundelsheim , Sachsenheim , Tamm and Walheim .

history

Besigheim was first mentioned in a document in 1153 in a deed of donation in which the Staufer King Friedrich I Barbarossa gave the curtis Basincheim (Fronhof Besigheim) to the Margrave Hermann III. attested by Baden . The name Besigheims is derived from the name of a clan chief Baso.

The granting of city ​​rights and the expansion of the city wall with the erection of the city towers is dated around 1200. The exact time when the town charter was granted was already forgotten in the 16th century, but the towers were built by 1220 at the latest and with the appearance of lordly Baden bailiffs from 1231 and mayors from 1257, an already existing town charter can be assumed. The historic core of the settlement is in the lower town, the upper town was probably laid out as planned when it was expanded to become a town. The stone house was built as mansions in the upper town and a castle in the lower town. A city council was first mentioned in the 15th century.

In 1463, Besigheim von Baden was pledged to the Count Palatine near Rhine, who in turn temporarily pledged the city to Hans von Gemmingen until 1486 . In 1504 the city was conquered by Duke Ulrich von Württemberg as part of the execution of the imperial eight against Count Palatine Ruprecht, in 1505 Besigheim was then formally awarded to Ulrich by contract.

Besigheim market square with town hall

In 1520 the city fell to Habsburg , as did all of Württemberg . During the Peasants' War , Besigheim was occupied by the rebellious peasants in 1525, returned to Baden in 1529 and finally to Württemberg through purchase in 1595.

At the beginning of the 17th century there were several plague epidemics in Besigheim , which killed around 500 people between 1606 and 1633. After the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , entrenchments were thrown up in 1621, but initially there were no significant fighting, only billeting and passage through. It was not until 1634 that war broke out on the city, which was occupied and looted several times until 1648. The plague also claimed around 1,700 more victims between 1634 and 1648. Several villages belonging to the Besigheim district were completely depopulated.

During the Palatinate War of Succession , the city was besieged twice by French troops in 1688 and 1693, in 1693 the lower city castle was destroyed with the exception of the tower. Also in the Spanish War of Succession (1700-1714) and the Austrian War of Succession (1740-1748) there were acts of war in Besigheim and the French were in the city several times during the Napoleonic Wars between 1793 and 1815.

In the Kingdom of Württemberg , which was founded in 1806 , Besigheim remained the town of the Oberamt and, in 1822, the district court town. In 1848, with the construction of the Northern Railway, it was connected to the route network of the Royal Württemberg State Railways . Besigheim was electrified between 1901 and 1902. Until 1934 the city was the administrative seat of the Oberamt Besigheim and from 1934 to 1938 of the district Besigheim. In 1938, during the Nazi era in Württemberg , the Besigheim district was divided between the Ludwigsburg and Heilbronn districts. The old town of Besigheim itself became part of the Ludwigsburg district.

Towards the end of World War II , in 1945, a total of eight bridges were blown up.

In 1945 Besigheim became part of the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was incorporated into the current state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

Kirchstrasse was renovated by 1988 and the new bypass road B 27 with a tunnel under the old town center was completed by 1991 . In 2007 the Pfarrgasse was redeveloped and in 2009 the main street and iron gate street.

In 2009, research on the occasion of Barack Obama 's visit to Dresden , the then US President, revealed that Obama had German roots and that his sixth great-grandfather, Johann Conrad Wölfflin , was born on January 29, 1729 in Besigheim. Wölfflin emigrated to America in 1750, where he changed his surname to Wolfley.

Religions

Besigheim has been predominantly evangelical in the margraviate of Baden since the Reformation around 1556 and still has a Protestant parish today. The city is also the seat of the church district Besigheim of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg and is home to a regional church community . But also a Roman Catholic , a Methodist and a New Apostolic congregation as well as Jehovah's Witnesses are represented in the village.

politics

Municipal council

Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 18 members (± 0) of the municipal council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

BMU 1 5 seats (+ 1)
CDU 4 seats (- 2)
WE 2 3 seats (+ 3)
FWV 3 3 seats (- 1)
SPD 2 seats (- 1)
FDP 1 seat 0(± 0)

1 Alliance for people and the environment
2 WE Citizens of Besigheim
3 Free Voters' Association Besigheim

Another member of the council and its chairman is the mayor.

badges and flags

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: "In red a two-towered silver castle with nine battlements and a gate on a green hill." The Besigheim city colors are white and red.

The hill represents the mountain spur between Neckar and Enz, on which the old town of Besigheim is located. The red color symbolizes the wine.

Town twinning

  • FranceFrance Ay in France since 1966. Traditionally, many people from Besigheim visit the French twin town during the “Fete Henry IV” wine festival.
  • United KingdomUnited Kingdom Newton Abbot in England since 1979.
  • HungaryHungary Bátaszék in Hungary since 1992.

Economy and Infrastructure

Besigheim is a wine-growing place whose vineyards belong to the large Schalkstein site in the Württembergisch Unterland area in the Württemberg wine-growing region . Larger resident companies are:

  • Komet Group , tool manufacturer
  • Müller - Die lila Logistik , forwarding agency
  • Richard Fritz, supplier to the automotive industry (production at the headquarters in Besigheim closed from 2013)
  • Heinkel Process Technology, centrifuges
  • BASF Pigment GmbH, chemical industry
  • Schweiker Group , manufacturer of windows and doors in the Ottmarsheim district

traffic

The federal road 27 runs through Besigheim. Since 1991, through traffic has been routed under the old town in a 178 m long tunnel.

The place has a train station on the Frankenbahn (Stuttgart– Würzburg ). There are connections with regional trains in the direction of Stuttgart and Heilbronn every half hour . At the edge of the day, RE trains on the Stuttgart – Würzburg line also stop in Besigheim. Stuttgart International Airport is located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, about 50 km away .

dish

In Besigheim there is a district court for the district of Heilbronn in the higher regional court district of Stuttgart.

Educational institutions

With the Christoph-Schrempf-Gymnasium , the Maximilian-Lutz - Realschule , the Friedrich-Schelling-Schule ( elementary and secondary school with Werkrealschule ), the Kreuzäcker-Grundschule in Ottmarsheim and the Schule am Steinhaus ( special needs school ), Besigheim has a wide range School offer. There are also nine kindergartens and a municipal music school located in the stone house.

Leisure and sports facilities

  • Mineral swimming pool
  • Mini golf course
  • Skate park
  • public motorhome parking spaces

Supply and disposal

Power supply

With the construction of the Enz power station in Besigheim in 1901/02, the city received electricity and electric light. The power supply was operated by Wilhelm Röcker GmbH & Co. KG . Starting in 1997, the owner gradually sold the Besigheim power station to Neckarwerke Elektrizitätsversorgungs -AG, Esslingen. Today the power grid is operated by the successor company EnBW Regional AG.

Gas supply

The natural gas supply was established in 1985 in the city center and in 1989 in the Ottmarsheim district by the technical works of the city of Stuttgart AG . Today the natural gas network is operated by the successor company EnBW Regional AG.

Water supply

The central water supply was built in 1897. Today the water supply consists of three supply zones. The areas of Schimmelfeld, Bülzen, Ingersheimer Feld, Husarenhof and Ottmarsheim receive drinking water from the Bodensee water supply . The Besigheim water supply group supplies the Weststadt as well as Neusatz, Schäuber and Löchgauer Feld. Mixed water (own water from the Neckarhälden spring mixed with Lake Constance water) is distributed in the city center and in Wörth.

Sanitation

The sewage treatment plant for the core town of Besigheim was built in 1958. The wastewater in the Ottmarsheim district is disposed of in the sewage treatment plant in Neckarwestheim .

Waste disposal

The waste is taken from the Abfallverwertungsgesellschaft the district Ludwigsburg mbH (AVL), a 100% subsidiary of the district Ludwigsburg. AVL is commissioned to carry out the tasks of avoiding, recycling and disposing of waste on behalf of the Ludwigsburg district.

Culture and sights

Old town and market square

View down Kirchstrasse towards the Waldhorn Tower
View over the old town to the town church and Schochenturm

See also: Entire plant in Besigheim

Besigheim offers one of the best preserved medieval cityscapes in southern Germany. The high city walls were demolished halfway up in 1805, gate towers were removed and openings made. Nevertheless, their structure is almost completely preserved.

The mighty Waldhorn tower has been preserved from the lower castle , which was destroyed in 1693 and demolished in 1750 . The 29 m high tower can be climbed as a lookout tower .

The opposite pole to this complex is the upper castle . Its main tower, built in 1220, named after a watchman called Schoch Schoch tower is 36 m slightly higher than the horn tower. There is a tower keeper's apartment above. The stone house standing next to it with its imposing, forbidding gable is connected to the tower via the arch of the city gate. It is the former palace of the castle.

The Gothic Evangelical City Church is right next to the Schochenturm . Presumably there was a Romanesque town chapel at the same place before, in 1279 a church in Besigheim was first mentioned, which was consecrated to Saint Cyriacus in 1484 at the latest . A special gem of the church, which has been renovated and rebuilt many times, is the high altar carved from linden wood , one of the largest and most artistically significant works of this kind. It was erected between 1520 and 1529 and survived the destruction by the French in 1693. - For the knowledge of the Bietigheim painter Conrad Rotenburger (1579–1633), who was associated with Johann Valentin Andreae , his epitaph, made in 1611 for the family of the Baden monastery conductor Mathias Henßler in the Besigheim town church, is also noteworthy.

In front of the stone house there has been a Staufer stele since 2011 , which reminds us that the later Staufer - Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa in 1153 gave the Margrave Hermann III. von Baden donated the Besigheim manor. This was the nucleus for the city of Besigheim. The Margraves of Baden were loyal followers of the Staufer. Friedrich of Baden-Austria was executed in Naples in 1268 together with Konradin , the last Staufer .

As the main axis of the city, Kirchstrasse leads from the lower castle to the upper castle. The half-timbered houses along this axis, rather simply designed in the lower area, increase in richness of design up to the market square. Ornaments from the 16th and 17th centuries adorn the framework. House No. 24 is adorned with three-dimensional Renaissance paintings, which were reconstructed according to historical models.

In the center is the market square with the town hall from 1459. On the ground floor of this town hall, Roman relief panels with scenes from the Mithras cult are walled in. The interior wall paintings date from the Renaissance period, the stucco ceilings from the Baroque period, and the town hall clock and porch from the 19th century. The Alemannic market fountain with the shield holder, which shows the Baden coat of arms, is a reminder of the Baden era.

  • Upper city gate with Schochenturm and stone house (view from outside the city wall)

  • Upper city gate with Schochenturm and stone house . Photo 1926

  • Schochenturm , Steinhaus and the Staufer Stele , inaugurated in 2011

  • Staufer stele , in the background the west side of the Evangelical City Church

  • Market square: town hall clock

  • Market square: fountain figure with Baden coat of arms

Other notable buildings

  • On the Neckar side, the former Oberamt building from 1908 dominates the cityscape. Another outstanding building on this side is the Stadtschreiberei from 1686, a tall building with an ornamental framework.
  • The fruit box , also used as a wine press , was one of the farm buildings of the lower castle and is now used for events, in particular for the biennial wine festival.
  • The district court, located next to the town hall on the city wall, controls the Enz side of the city together with him. On the arched gate, the building is dated 1685, a coat of arms stone inside indicates major renovations in 1783. Inside, the building still contains remains of medieval buildings.
  • In the vicinity of the church, a number of former beneficiary and office houses have been preserved in very good condition, for example the dean's office from 1774 (Pfarrgasse 3) or the residential building at Pfarrgasse 10.Notable examples of arable houses are the buildings at Pfarrgasse 14 and Türkengasse 10.
  • Directly below the church are the buildings of the former Latin school, which are now used as a special school. The larger of the two houses with its hipped mansard roof dates from the 18th century.
  • The building of the city ​​pharmacy on the market square was created in 1628 by converting two buildings into a large commercial building. The building was set up as a pharmacy in 1661.

Besigheim Sculpture Trail

The Besigheim Sculpture Path was created in 2003 to mark the 850th anniversary of Besigheim . It leads from the train station over the Enz and the historic city center to the hydropower station on the Neckar .

Stumbling blocks

On the initiative of the artist Margit Stäbler-Nicolai, Gunter Demnig has been laying stumbling blocks for victims of National Socialism in Besigheim since 2010 . By July 2019, a total of eight stones had been set in the city, five of them in the historic old town. They remember people who had their last freely chosen residence in Besigheim and were murdered by the Nazis in 1940 as part of the T4 euthanasia campaign in the Grafeneck killing center .

Medieval bathing room in the suburbs

As part of city tours, the bathroom in Vorstadt 3, rediscovered in 1995 and restored after archaeological excavations, has been accessible again since 2005. Mentioned for the first time in the Besigheimer Häuserbuch in 1463, it was operated as a ban bath room, in which the citizens of Besigheim and Walheim had to bathe until the baths were closed in 1654.

The right to ban the service provider (usually the landlord) secured the monopoly: In Besigheim, the barber leased the bathroom for an annual rate of interest and undertook to provide his services. In order to secure the bathers' income, the residents were obliged to go to the local bathing room; they were forbidden to go swimming elsewhere. A similar monopoly position, secured by the rule, enjoyed, for example, ban presses and ban mills .

Outside the city walls

Characteristic of the city on the river are the stab weirs from 1755 in the Enz. Directly at the Besigheim weir is a former mill building, another historic mill is the former Schellenmühle from 1572 in the suburb 72 directly below the city wall. On the Neckar, one of the 27 dams with locks dams the river above the mouth of the Enz.

On the former city fortifications on Ochsengraben above the Enz there is a charming hexagonal baroque house, the Pfeiffer pavilion , on a tower stump .

A little above the city is a medieval watchtower, the Wartturm (namesake for the nearby Wartturm settlement), sometimes also called the flour sack . Standing in visual contact with the Schochenturm, it was used to monitor the access from the most vulnerable side, the Ingersheimer Höhe, so that the city could be warned if enemies were approaching from this direction.

The Husarenhof on the heights towards Ingersheim was founded by citizens of Besigheim in 1735–1738; it was named after a hussar who was involved in this company.

  • Upper Office Building

  • City pharmacy

  • Agricultural bourgeoisie

  • Medieval bathing room on the Enz (outside view)

  • Medieval bathing room on the Enz (interior view)

  • Weir and mill on the Enz

  • Flour sack

  • Memorial for the second iron bridge over the Enz, built in 1874

  • View of Besigheim and Enz

Surroundings

The place is on the Württemberg Wine Route and the southern route of the German Half-timbered Road . The immediate vicinity of Besigheim is charming due to the deeply cut, steep river valleys of the Neckar and Enz, on whose sunny slopes intensive viticulture is practiced. The nearby Hessigheim rock gardens are a well-known vineyard location and at the same time a popular hiking area .

Regular events

The winegrowers festival traditionally takes place every 2 years (always on the third weekend in September from Friday to Monday) . This wine festival, which takes place in the alleys and streets and the historic wine cellars of the entire old town, is organized by the Besigheim associations. The highlight is the parade, which always takes place on Sundays.

Personalities

The rock gardens near Besigheim, watercolor by General Eduard von Kallee

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Johann Ferdinand Seiz (1738–1793), 1766–1790 deacon in Besigheim; Pietist.
  • Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), poet, dined with a “summer vest” in the post office in Besigheim. See his poem To My Cousin (June 1837). Poem text in Gutenberg.de and in the German text archive .
  • Otto Kirn (1857–1911), German theologian and university professor, was a deacon in Besigheim from 1885 to 1889.
  • Richard Duschk (1884–1959), painter
  • Fred Stelzig (1923-2006), painter
  • Roland Bothner (* 1953), art historian and philosopher, wrote about his school days at the Besigheim high school and his work as parish youth leader in the Catholic parish of Besigheim in: Schwäbische Jugend. Also a way to philosophy.

Honorary citizen

  • Johannes Lang (1798–1886), senior civil servant and city doctor, honorary citizen since 1886
  • Friedrich Breining (1867–1951), parish priest, honorary citizen since 1903
  • Karl Lang (1841–1930), senior medical officer, councilor and honorary citizen since 1928
  • Friedrich Schelling (1881–1979), teacher and church music director, honorary citizen since 1959
  • Eberhard Frohnmayer (1917–1983), Mayor of Besigheim 1948 to 1971, honorary citizen since 1971
  • Werner Grau (* 1939), Mayor of Besigheim from 1971 to 1991, honorary citizen since 2010

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The pronunciation dictionary . 6th edition. Dudenverlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-411-04066-7 , p. 198 .
  3. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume III: Stuttgart District, Middle Neckar Regional Association. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-004758-2 . Pp. 379-381
  4. ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Besigheim.
  5. ↑ State Development Plan 2002 Baden-Württemberg. Archive link ( Memento from September 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ http://www.besigheim.de/,Lde/start/unsere+stadt/Chronik+der+Stadt.html Chronicle of Besigheim
  7. ↑ Researchers: Obama has German roots - USATODAY.com. In: usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved May 14, 2015 .
  8. ↑ a b Barack Obama's ancestor comes from Besigheim. Retrieved May 14, 2015 .
  9. ↑ a b Wölfflin's way to the west. In: www.tagblatt.de. Retrieved May 14, 2015 .
  10. ^ GBI Gackstatter Consulting Engineers: Besigheim Tunnel , accessed on December 25, 2012
  11. ^ University of Hohenheim, Economic Archives Baden-Württemberg: Wilhelm Röcker GmbH & Co. Holdings: Y 218.
  12. ↑ Ulrich Kett: 1845–1995. 150 years of gas supply in Stuttgart as reflected in the city's history. Stuttgart 1995.
  13. ^ Chronicle of the city of Besigheim . Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  14. ↑ Water supply of the city of Besigheim: Zone plan water supply. Besigheim 2012.
  15. ^ Waldhorn tower on the website of the city of Besigheim
  16. ↑ Summer tours on the website of the city of Besigheim
  17. ↑ Cf. Günther Bentele : Conrad Rotenburger, a Bietigheim artist from the time of the Hornmold family. In: Heavenly Signs and Earth Ways. Johannes Carion (1499–1537) and Sebastian Hornmold (1500–1581) in their time , ed. from the Culture and Sports Office of the city of Bietigheim-Bissingen, Hornmoldhaus City Museum. (Ubstadt-Weiher 1999), pp. 155-192; also Conrad Rotenburger: Biblical summaries. Reprint of the edition Bietigheim, Hüttenloch, 1630. (Ed. By the Bietigheim-Bissingen History Association) Bietigheim-Bissingen 2011.
  18. ↑ Besigheim 2011 on stauferstelen.net. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  19. ↑ Johannes Zehender (Decumanus) from Besigheim (1564-1613)
  20. ↑ Short biography about Luisa Richter  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 17, 2010@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.galerie-anjarumig.de  

Web links

Commons : Besigheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Besigheim  - travel guide
Wikisource: Besigheim in the Topographia Sueviae (Mathäus Merian) from 1656  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Besigheim in the description of the Oberamt Besigheim from 1853  - sources and full texts