Ludwigsburg

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg
Map of Germany, location of the city of Ludwigsburg highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '  N , 9 ° 12'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Stuttgart
County : Ludwigsburg
Height : 295-365 m above sea level NHN
Area : 43.35 km 2
Residents: 93,499 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 2157 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 71634-71642, 71672
Primaries : 07141, 07144Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : LB, VAI
Community key : 08 1 18 048

City administration address :
Wilhelmstrasse 11
71638 Ludwigsburg
Website : www.ludwigsburg.de
Lord Mayor : Matthias Knecht (independent)
Location of the city of Ludwigsburg in the Ludwigsburg district
Erdmannhausen Erdmannhausen Remseck am Neckar Schwieberdingen Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Marbach am Neckar Oberstenfeld Oberstenfeld Mundelsheim Mundelsheim Affalterbach Asperg Benningen am Neckar Besigheim Besigheim Bönnigheim Erligheim Freudental Gemmrigheim Großbottwar Großbottwar Hessigheim Löchgau Murr (Gemeinde) Murr (Gemeinde) Pleidelsheim Pleidelsheim Steinheim an der Murr Tamm Walheim Ingersheim Freiberg am Neckar Bietigheim-Bissingen Bietigheim-Bissingen Ditzingen Eberdingen Kornwestheim Möglingen Oberriexingen Sersheim Vaihingen an der Enz Sachsenheim Korntal-Münchingen Ludwigsburg Markgröningen Hemmingen Gerlingen Kirchheim am Neckarmap
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Ludwigsburg is a city in Baden-Württemberg , about twelve kilometers north of downtown Stuttgart . It belongs to the Stuttgart region and the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . It is the district town and largest city in the Ludwigsburg district . Together with Kornwestheim , Ludwigsburg forms a medium-sized center for the surrounding communities . Ludwigsburg has been a major district town since April 1, 1956 . The residential palace , the surrounding green spaces and the avenues shape the cityscape.

Ludwigsburg and Solitude-Allee on the topographic map from 1840 (scale 1: 50,000)

geography

Geographical location

Central Ludwigsburg is located on the Lange Feld on the eastern edge of the Strohgau on a plateau of the Neckar basin between the Hohenasperg in the west and the Neckar valley in the east. The Tälesbach flows through the inner city area and flows into the Neckar about three kilometers northeast . The now incorporated districts of Hoheneck, Neckarweihingen and Poppenweiler are on the banks of the Neckar, the last two on the right. The 365.1  m above sea level NN highest point of the city area is on the Lemberg in the far east, the lowest at the outflow of the Neckar at 196.2  m above sea level. NN .

As the crow flies, the center of Ludwigsburg is about 13 kilometers north of the center of the state capital Stuttgart .

The Solitude-Allee , built in a dead straight line from 1764 to 1768 , which initially led from the south gate of Ludwigsburg Palace Gardens to Solitude Palace west of Stuttgart, was used in 1820 as the trigonometric basis for the Württemberg land survey . The 13 kilometer long baseline ended at the city limits. Your end point at the intersection with Köhlstrasse is marked with a memorial stone. Outside Ludwigsburg, where it was interrupted by the construction of the railway, the course of the axis, which is insignificant for traffic, has been preserved, alternating between dirt roads and streets.

Neighboring communities

To be the area of the city of Ludwigsburg in turn the community Tamm in the northwest, the town of Freiberg and the community Benningen am Neckar in the north, the central city of Marbach am Neckar and the municipality Erdmannhausen in the northeast, far to the east behind the Lemberg the community Affalterbach , to whose south side is the Siegelhausen area exclave of Marbach. The towns of Remseck and Kornwestheim are to the southeast and south of Ludwigsburg, the municipality of Möglingen in the southwest, and the town of Asperg in the west.

All neighboring communes also belong to the Ludwigsburg district.

City structure

The urban area of ​​Ludwigsburg consists of the core city and seven districts. The core city is divided into the districts center, west, north, east and south. Other districts are Pflugfelden , Eglosheim , Hoheneck , Oßweil , Grünbühl-Sonnenberg , Neckarweihingen and Poppenweiler .

In addition, a distinction is occasionally made between other residential areas or residential areas whose names have become naturalized over time. However, the limits are usually not precisely defined here. These include the Kugelberg, Makenhof, Monrepos, Mäurach, Osterholz and Schlösslesfeld.

Tabular overview of the districts


City  center / district
Residents Area
km²
Density of
inhabitants / km²
center 11,155 2.00 5578
west 11,459 3.91 2931
North 3,186 1.99 1601
east 15,396 2.90 5309
south 4,066 0.92 4420
Eglosheim 11,858 4.47 2653
Grünbühl-Sonnenberg 3,656 0.71 5149
Hoheneck 5,068 3.40 1491
Neckarweihingen 6,910 5.95 1161
Oßweil 10,826 7.14 1516
Pflugfelden 4,627 2.31 2003
Poppenweiler 4,671 7.64 611
Ludwigsburg 92,878 43.34 2143
City district map

Division of space

According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.

Spatial planning

Ludwigsburg and the neighboring town of Kornwestheim to the south form a middle center in the Stuttgart region , the main center of which is the city of Stuttgart . The towns and communities in the south and east of the district also belong to the central area of ​​Ludwigsburg / Kornwestheim. In particular, these are Affalterbach , Asperg , Benningen am Neckar , Erdmannhausen , Freiberg am Neckar , Großbottwar , Hemmingen , Marbach am Neckar , Markgröningen , Möglingen , Murr , Oberstenfeld , Pleidelsheim , Remseck am Neckar , Schwieberdingen , Steinheim an der Murr and Tamm .

City history

Early history

In Schlösslesfeld, a residential area that was only built on on a larger scale from 1965, there were many traces of settlement from the Neolithic Age . This area was from 5700 BC. BC to 3300 BC BC, i.e. for around 2400 years, inhabited almost continuously by settlers of the ceramic band .

Numerous finds from the Ludwigsburg city area and the surrounding area have been preserved from the Celtic settlement period. Towards the end of the 1st century AD, the Romans occupied the region until the Alemanni came to the Neckarland in 260 . The Alemannic settlement is also proven by grave finds in today's urban area. A villa rustica (country estate) dates from Roman times and was excavated in the Hoheneck district.

Political Affiliation

Country Administrative unit Affiliation
Holy Roman Empire 1400Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Württemberg 1709-1806
WurttembergKingdom of Württemberg Württemberg Second district of Ludwigsburg 1806-1810
Landvogtei on the Enz 1810-1818
Neckar District 1818-1871
German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire Kingdom of Württemberg 1871-1918
German EmpireGerman Empire German Empire People's State of Württemberg 1918-1933
Nazi stateNazi state German Empire German Empire
German Reich NSGerman Reich (Nazi era) 
Württemberg 1933-1945
Germany 1946Germany 1945 to 1949 Germany Württemberg-Baden 1945-1949
Germany Federal RepublicFederal Republic of Germany BR Germany Württemberg-Baden 1949-1952
Baden-Württemberg 1952-1990
GermanyGermany Germany Baden-Württemberg since 1990

In 1718 the Markgröninger Vogtei was relocated to Ludwigsburg, and from 1758 it was called Oberamtei . From the upper office Ludwigsburg 1938 went Kreis Ludwigsburg and in 1973 finally in the course of the district reform enlarged the district of Ludwigsburg forth.

Baroque foundation under Eberhard Ludwig (1704–1733)

The city's founder: Duke Eberhard Ludwig (reign: 1677–1733)

Unlike most cities in Europe, Ludwigsburg did not grow over centuries, but was planned on the drawing board at the beginning of the 18th century . Following the example of Versailles , many absolutist sovereigns built new residences at the gates of their old capitals (see Mannheim , Karlsruhe , Rastatt , Potsdam , Ludwigslust and Wolfenbüttel ). In order to pursue the hunt, a privilege of the nobility, Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg had a castle built outside the old capital Stuttgart in 1704 . The Ludwigsburg Palace was initially only intended as a simple hunting seat, but had a decisive advantage over the Old Palace , the main residence in Stuttgart. Because of the narrow medieval buildings in Stuttgart, the residence did not stand out. Ludwigsburg with its palace gardens and wide streets can be seen as an exact alternative to Stuttgart in the 18th century. The Ludwigsburg hunting seat was expanded into a representative residential palace , which can boast of being the largest undestroyed baroque palace in Germany.

With the construction of the residential palace, however, Duke Eberhard Ludwig's ambitions did not come to an end: he unsuccessfully pursued the goal of raising the rank of elector . From 1709 he wanted to express this separate claim to power, which went far beyond that of a duke, with the founding of an entire city. The drafts of the planned city envisaged that the residential palace was in the main axis. To the west of the castle, the urban residential development was to be built. The right-angled street grid around a central market square divided the city into regular blocks. The two-storey residential buildings were built according to the design of the Italian castle builder Donato Giuseppe Frisoni . According to the Duke's specifications, the residential buildings should be lined up along the streets without any gaps, so that closed street lines were created. The streetscape was loosened up by avenues.

The mistress : Wilhelmine von Grävenitz

On September 3, 1718, the place received city ​​rights . In order to win citizens for his city, the duke advertised with far-reaching privileges. He promised 15 years of tax exemption, free land and building materials. Customs and religious freedom were added later. Nevertheless, Ludwigsburg only grew slowly. The reasons for this were, on the one hand, the lack of opportunities to purchase land and, on the other hand, the selection of citizens controlled by the duke. The residents had to dispose of an asset base of at least 1000 thalers and were not allowed to be farmers. In this way, the duke wanted to create a representative ideal city with wealthy citizens. Of the first 21 applicants, only two were allowed to actually settle in Ludwigsburg. However, the concept of a prosperous city did not work. Since mostly poor craftsmen, servants, maids, day laborers and court servants were employed on the palace construction site, at times half of the city's population were low-wage earners. The inhabitants remained economically dependent on the ducal court.

In 1718 Eberhard Ludwig had the capital of Württemberg moved from Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg. The Duke threatened his Stuttgart officials that they would be dismissed if they refused to follow him to Ludwigsburg. The forced resettlement was intended to establish a bureaucracy in Ludwigsburg that was loyal to the prince. Many of the officials moved into "damp, only half-developed houses," as constitutional lawyer Johann Jakob Moser  complained. Other contemporaries also mocked the Duke's efforts:

"This prince is ruining Stuttgart and yet will never turn Ludwigsburg into a real city."

- Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, Prussian writer
Residence of the mistress : The Grävenitz-Palais

However, Ludwigsburg had 6,000 inhabitants when Eberhard Ludwig died, half as many as in Stuttgart. The moral and moral concepts of the Ludwigsburg court were responsible for the bad reputation in bourgeois circles. The population in the Duchy of Württemberg was firmly anchored in the Evangelical Lutheran faith. That is why she was outraged that the Duke and his mistress Wilhelmine von Grävenitz in Ludwigsburg had an extramarital relationship, while the lawful wife Johanna Elisabeth von Baden-Durlach was still in Stuttgart. In the vernacular, Ludwigsburg was therefore also known as the "Lumpenburg". As a retreat for himself and his mistress, Eberhard Ludwig had the city and residence palace expanded to include the Favorite hunting and pleasure palace (construction period: 1713–1728). Duke Eberhard Ludwig had the Graevenitz Palais built in 1728, probably by the town planner Donato Giuseppe Frisoni, and gave it to his mistress. The originally only two-story building is located near the Residenzschloss at Marstallstraße 5 and houses the office of the Castle Festival .

Since its founding, the city has also been closely associated with the military. Since there were no barracks in Ludwigsburg at the time of Eberhard Ludwig , the 40-man ducal bodyguard was quartered in the houses of the citizens. Two bodyguards at a time secured Eberhard Ludwig's rooms in the Residenzschloss in shifts. The actual time as a garrison town was not to begin in Ludwigsburg until 1736 under Duke Karl Alexander .

Time as a royal seat after Eberhard Ludwig (1733–1816)

In the years between 1718 and 1816, the ducal capital moved back and forth between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg several times:

Change of residence between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg
Period Dukes and from 1806 king Capital
1718-1733 Eberhard Ludwig (reign: 1693–1733) Ludwigsburg
1733-1764 Karl Alexander (reign: 1733–1737)

Karl Eugen (reign: 1737–1793)

Stuttgart
1764-1775 Karl Eugen (reign: 1737–1793) Ludwigsburg
1775-1797 Karl Eugen (reign: 1737–1793)

Ludwig Eugen (reign: 1793–1795)

Friedrich Eugen (reign: 1795–1797)

Stuttgart
1797-1816 Friedrich I (reign: 1797-1816) Stuttgart (Ludwigsburg but summer residence)

Ludwigsburg under Karl Alexander

Duke Karl Alexander von Württemberg (reign: 1733–1737)

When Karl Alexander became Duke of Württemberg in 1733, he moved the residence back to Stuttgart. More than half of the residents followed the duke because they were economically dependent on the court. To counter the decline of Ludwigsburg, Karl Alexander set up the first breeding and work house in Württemberg in 1736. The facility housed homeless people, orphans and criminals, and later also the mentally ill, and had to work in the cloth manufacture. For this purpose, Karl Alexander recruited trained clothiers to Ludwigsburg, who took on the actual weaving work, while the simpler work was carried out by the other prisoners in the facility.

Because of the anti-Semitism of the Württemberg state estates and government officials in Stuttgart, the Duke's Jewish financier, Joseph Süss Oppenheimer , settled in Ludwigsburg. Karl Alexander provided Oppenheimer with a house near the Ludwigsburg Palace , which, however, remained in state ownership and did not become the property of Oppenheimer. The house had seven rooms, which Oppenheimer had decorated with expensive Frankfurt cloth wallpaper. The house is located at today's Mömpelgardstrasse 18. In order to cover the costs of the sumptuous court of Karl Alexander, Oppenheimer recommended the establishment of a porcelain factory in Ludwigsburg. The finance council was even ready to make his house available to the manufactory and to give the entrepreneur an advance of 2,000 guilders. Due to the execution of Oppenheimer on February 4, 1738 in Stuttgart, the Ludwigsburg porcelain factory could only be founded under Duke Carl Eugen .

Ludwigsburg under Carl Eugen

Carl Eugen (reign: 1744–1793)

The early death of his father Karl Alexander made 9-year-old Carl Eugen Duke of Württemberg. When he took office in 1744, Duke Carl Eugen threatened the Württemberg estates of moving the residence back to Ludwigsburg. In order to keep the Duke close to them and thus in Stuttgart, the estates, representatives of the Protestant clergy and the bourgeoisie, approved funds for the construction of a more representative residential palace in Stuttgart, today's New Palace . However, two factors caused Stuttgart to once again lose its capital city function to Ludwigsburg. On the one hand, the conflicts between Carl Eugen and the estates escalated and, on the other hand, the almost completed New Palace burned out almost completely in 1762. In 1764 Carl Eugen moved the court from Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg. The Duke found himself involved in a cultural competition with other royal courts. Letters, trips and the mailing of portraits and copperplate engravings created such a tight communication network between the royal courts as early as the 18th century that the cultural competition was constantly fanned. Carl Eugen, too, was not allowed to stand behind the cultural program of other sovereigns in his claim to power .

In this respect, Ludwigsburg was still missing an attribute of the modern royal seat of the late 18th century; an opera. On November 11, 1764, Carl Eugen ordered the construction of an opera, which had to be completed before his 37th birthday. Carl Eugen gave his master builders only three and a half months to build what was then the largest opera house in Europe. In order to meet the deadline, farmers in the surrounding villages had to fell trees and bring the wood to Ludwigsburg. 300 carpenters, 150 masons, 75 henchmen, 40 stone breakers and 20 joiners were rewarded on the construction site. In addition, there were grenadiers who were assigned to do their military service. On February 11, 1765, the 37th birthday of Carl Eugen, the first performance in the opera could actually take place. In order to tie high-ranking artists from all over Europe to his Ludwigsburg court, Carl Eugen paid high fees. The duke spent as much money on the Parisian ballet choreographer Jean Georges Noverre as he did on his 12,000-strong army. Carl Eugen recruited the Italian composer Niccollo Jommelli from the Pope's court to Ludwigsburg.

However, the Mozart family suffered a failure in Ludwigsburg: on their trip to Mannheim and Paris, they stopped in Ludwigsburg at the beginning of July 1763 with their children Wolfgang Amadeus and Maria Anna . Father Leopold wanted to have his children play for the Duke. The family did not receive him, however, as he had set out to hunt for Grafeneck Castle . The family stayed two days at the Hotel Waldhorn , located directly opposite the residence.

Ludwigsburg porcelain: mocha service with scale pattern

The baroque buildings in Ludwigsburg under Duke Carl Eugen were supplemented by the Monrepos Castle (construction period: 1764–1768). Carl Eugen and his guests got to the palace by Venetian gondolas. Only four years after the start of construction, Carl Eugen had construction work on his country estate stopped, as his interest had already shifted to Solitude Castle .

In addition to the court, Carl Eugen also promoted educational institutions in Ludwigsburg in the spirit of the Enlightenment . His court library with 100,000 volumes was opened as the first public library in the Duchy of Württemberg. As early as 1758, Carl Eugen founded a porcelain factory in Ludwigsburg with the support of Joseph Jakob Ringler . The manufactory was not economically viable, however, because kaolin , a raw material for porcelain production, had to be carted in from Passau. The transport of the raw material through several principalities and imperial cities where customs duties were required made Ludwigsburg porcelain so expensive that it was not viable without financial subsidies from the Württemberg dukes.

In order to temporarily escape the view of the court, Carl Eugen demanded the establishment of a private retreat in the residential palace. On the second floor of the New Corps de Logis, the French court architect Philippe de La Guêpière created the so-called "New Rooms" in the contemporary Rococo style. The Duke bought many of the precious pieces of furniture during a stay in Paris. An enfilade or suite of rooms was created consisting of a gallery, two anterooms, a concert hall, a playroom, two cabinets and a bedroom. Carl Eugen enjoyed himself here in music, social gatherings in small groups and board games such as backgammon and chess . Shortly after completion, however, Carl Eugen had the furniture for new palace buildings such as the Solitude cleared out again.

Carl Eugen stationed parts of his standing army in Ludwigsburg . More than half of the 11,000 inhabitants resident in 1773 belonged to the garrison. 

In 1775 Carl Eugen finally moved the residence back to Stuttgart. This ultimately happened as a result of the so-called inheritance settlement of 1770. The Württemberg estates had indicted the duke before the Reichshofrat in Vienna, because the Württemberg duke had exceeded his legal powers. From the point of view of the estates, the Duke violated the Tübingen Treaty of 1514 , which divided the legal powers between the duke and the estates. The Reichshofrat agreed with the Württemberg estates and forced Carl Eugen, who wanted to govern absolutistically, to approach the estates that met in Stuttgart . The move of the court to Stuttgart was conceived as a symbolic gesture of reconciliation by the duke; for Ludwigsburg, however, it meant another decline. Since many buildings stood empty after 1775, the parks became overgrown and weeds grew on the streets, Ludwigsburg was mockingly referred to as "Grasburg" by contemporaries. This situation was to persist until Duke Friedrich II , who later became the first king of Württemberg, came to power.

Ludwigsburg under King Friedrich II.

Friedrich I (reign: 1797-1816)

In 1797 Duke Friedrich II declared Ludwigsburg a summer residence . He had the park and especially the residential palace redesigned by the court architect Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret according to the latest classicism fashion . Between 1798 and 1804 he had the gardens of the palace transformed into an English landscape garden. While retaining the avenues as dividing elements, a large oval basin with a canal leading to the castle as an "epaulette lake" was created in the south garden - presumably with significant planning by Friedrich himself. The deep moat east of the residential palace offered the perfect location for the romantic Emichsburg . At the same time as the design of the gardens, the interior of the Favorite and Monrepos palaces were adapted to the new taste of the time.

Ludwigsburg benefited from the reorganization of Europe by Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon's plans resulted in the formation of a third force between Prussia and Austria, dependent on Paris, through strong central states like Württemberg . The German medium-sized states should be able to effectively support France in its campaigns, on the other hand their strength should not be sufficient to be able to do anything effectively against France. In 1803 the Duke of Württemberg was upgraded to electoral prince. Through secularization and mediatization , Württemberg was able to gain considerable territorial gains. The increase in rank, for which his predecessors had fought for centuries, was highlighted in the same year by interior work in the residential palace.

Sign of royalty: Friedrich's monogram on the fountain in the courtyard of the residential palace

However, work stopped when on October 2, 1805 Napoleon appeared with a large entourage in front of the residential palace. Napoleon was on his way to his troops in the course of the Third Coalition War . When the uninvited guest appeared, the Württemberg court in Ludwigsburg was still in the middle of the festivities on the occasion of the wedding of Prince Paul von Württemberg , a son of Frederick. Nevertheless, Friedrich came to meet Napoleon when he received Napoleon and, appropriately, when he left the coach. With great splendor, Friedrich escorted the emperor to the residential palace. Napoleon behaved gallantly and respectfully according to courtly customs, so that he even won the sympathy of Electress Charlotte Mathilde . On October 3, 1805, Napoleon managed to conclude an alliance between France and Württemberg in a tough one and a half hour conversation that took place in the king's conference room. Friedrich, who initially asked Napoleon to recognize him as neutral, could not refuse to accept the agreement, as Württemberg was already largely occupied by French troops. Friedrich agreed to Napoleon that he would provide 8,000 to 10,000 soldiers. In return, Napoleon Friedrich pledged his backing for the disempowerment of the Württemberg estates . In addition, Napoleon held out the prospect of territorial gains for Württemberg. According to Napoleon, Württemberg was not forced to leave the Holy Roman Empire for the alliance with France . In letters, Napoleon later repeatedly expressed respect for Frederick's self-confident and intelligent demeanor towards him.

At the urging of Napoleon, Frederick was made king on January 1, 1806. This new title required an even more representative court in Ludwigsburg. For example, the order hall was converted into a throne room. The process of secularization is still visible in the hall: The brocade and silk canopy of the throne was made from confiscated liturgy materials from Upper Swabian monasteries that were incorporated into the Kingdom of Württemberg .

In 1812 the Württemberg army was set up in Ludwigsburg for Napoleon's Russian campaign , from which only about 500 of 15,800 Württemberg soldiers returned.

Modern city history

Synagogue Square

Jewish families had lived in the city since the 19th century, who built a synagogue on the corner of Alleen- and Solitudestrasse and inaugurated it in 1884. They buried their dead in the Old Jewish Cemetery since 1870 , and in the New Jewish Cemetery since 1904 , which were created in the immediate vicinity of the Old and New Municipal Cemetery .

On October 5, 1846, the first train pulled into the newly built Ludwigsburg station . At the time this was the northern terminus of the Württemberg Central Railway , but as early as 1848 the rails of the Württemberg State Railways reached in the north to Heilbronn.

In 1921 Ludwigsburg became the largest garrison in southwest Germany, which is why the city was also given the nickname "Swabian Potsdam " .

In 1926, as part of the construction of the north-south line, the Hoheneck substation was built, which is still a central hub in Baden-Württemberg's power grid . In 1935 Ludwigsburg was declared an urban district according to the German municipal code , but still belonged to the Oberamt and from 1938 to the Ludwigsburg district.

During the November pogrom in 1938 , SA men destroyed the synagogue. Its floor plan was reproduced in the pavement in 1988. Replicas of suitcases with the names of those who were murdered commemorate the Jewish victims of the Shoah . A memorial stone admonishes humanity and justice. In 1940 the Nazi propaganda film Jud Süß was shot in Ludwigsburg.

During the Second World War , the city suffered moderate destruction compared to other German cities. The population lost 1,500 people. 140 houses in Ludwigsburg were completely destroyed by bombs. Overall, Ludwigsburg was destroyed to 2%. After 1945 there was an Allied internment camp for war criminals until mid-1946.

After the war, the US Army maintained the large Pattonville garrison with a US Army high school on the outskirts of the city for about 45 years . US troops were stationed in the following additional facilities: Flak Barracks , Karlskaserne, Coffey Barracks, Krabbenloch Barracks , Murphy Barracks, Valdez Barracks. In 1956 the Bundeswehr resumed the tradition as a German garrison town. It maintained three barracks in Ludwigsburg: Luitpold, Eberhard-Ludwig and Jägerhof barracks. In 1994 the Bundeswehr gave up the location.

In 1945 Ludwigsburg became a direct district town and with the entry into force of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code on April 1, 1956, it was declared a major district town .

In 1957, the first 380 kV line in Germany went into operation between the Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck substation and Rommerskirchen .

From 1958, the central office of the state justice administrations for the investigation of National Socialist crimes was established in Ludwigsburg. In 1966 the University of Education and the State Sports School in Ludwigsburg were inaugurated.

On September 9, 1962, Charles de Gaulle gave his speech to German youth on the last day of his state visit . This speech in front of an audience of 5,000 in the courtyard was a milestone in Franco-German relations .

The Forum am Schlosspark was inaugurated on March 19, 1988.

In 2004 the Residenzschloss Ludwigsburg celebrated its 300th birthday with the opening of the Baroque Gallery, the Fashion Museum and the Ceramic Museum. The symphony orchestra of the city of Ludwigsburg designed the musical review with princes, citizens and soldiers and the oratorical scenes Days of the Moon by Wolfram Graf . Choirs and dance ensembles from Ludwigsburg participated in the performances. After 1996 and 2000, this was the third major Ludwigsburg cultural production.

Christian denominations

Evangelical town church on the market square. Evangelical and Catholic Churches face each other.
Catholic parish church on the market square. Originally the Church of the Reformed Congregation. In the foreground market fountain with a statue of the city founder Eberhard Ludwig.
Evangelical Peace Church on Karlsplatz

The area of ​​today's city of Ludwigsburg originally belonged mainly to the diocese of Constance (archdeaconate in front of the forest), while Eglosheim belonged to the diocese of Speyer (archdeaconate for the Holy Trinity). As in all of Württemberg , the Reformation was introduced in the Ludwigsburg area from 1534 , as a result of which the area was predominantly Protestant for many centuries. The first Protestant residents of the city of Ludwigsburg were initially assigned to the parishes of Oßweil and Eglosheim. In 1711 Ludwigsburg became its own parish, and in 1718 it became the seat of the superintendent (dean) instead of Markgröningen . But it wasn't until 1726, after the Protestant town church was completed , that the young community also had its own house of worship. The Reformed parishioners who had immigrated were also initially promised their own church by Duke Eberhard Ludwig and, as such, construction began opposite the Protestant town church. However, after it was completed in 1781, it was consecrated as a Lutheran garrison church . In 1823 the Reformed parishioners were incorporated into the (Lutheran) regional church of Württemberg. In 1903 the new garrison church (today's Friedenskirche ) was built.

In the 20th century, due to the strong growth of the Protestant congregation, five more parishes or churches emerged, namely the Church of the Resurrection (1934), the Church of the Redeemer (1936), the Church of St. Martin (1954), the Church of Paul Gerhardt (1958) and the Church of the Cross (1964 ). All seven parishes together with the parish of Pflugfelden form the entire parish of Ludwigsburg. Other parishes in the city of Ludwigsburg are Eglosheim, Hoheneck, Neckarweihingen, Oßweil and Poppenweiler. They all belong to the church district or Dean's Office Ludwigsburg within the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . Ludwigsburg was also the seat of a prelature between 1823 and 1956 and between 1992 and 2003 .

There have been Catholics in Ludwigsburg since the city was founded . It was mainly Italian artists and construction workers at the castle. From 1725 they could celebrate their services in private houses. The Catholic Duke of Württemberg, Karl Alexander , had the palace chapel converted into a Catholic church in 1733. But the two denominations were not given equal rights until 1806. In 1807 a Catholic garrison congregation was established. From 1810 the Catholics were able to hold their services in the garrison church, which has been used simultaneously since then. After the garrison church was rebuilt in 1903 (today's Church of Peace, which is now Protestant), the previous garrison church was completely left to the Catholics. They set up today's parish church of the Most Holy Trinity . In 1949 Ludwigsburg became the seat of a deanery within the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese . The parish of St. Johann Baptist in Weststadt, founded in 1960 (church from 1959) and the parish of St. Thomas More in Eglosheim, founded in 1962 (church from 1955), merged in 2016 to form the new parish of St. Thomas and Johannes . Together the 5 parishes of the Holy Trinity in the city center with the parish of St. Elisabeth in Grünbühl founded in 1969 (church from 1965), the parish of Resurrection of Christ in Neckarweihingen founded in 1973 , the St. Paulus Ludwigsburg parish founded in 1974 and the new parish of St. Thomas and Johannes have been the pastoral care unit of the Catholic Church in Ludwigsburg and the Catholic Church Community in Ludwigsburg since 2014 .

In addition to these two churches, there are also free churches in Ludwigsburg , including two Methodist churches (Christ Church and Church of the Redeemer), one Evangelical Free Church ( Baptists ) that meets in the Reconciliation Church , one Free Evangelical Church (FeG), which has been the Venue Church Ludwigsburg (also a Protestant Free Church), an Evangelical Anabaptist Congregation (which belongs to the Federation of Evangelical Anabaptist Congregations ), a Congregation of the People's Mission of committed Christians, a Seventh-day Adventist Church and the Lighthouse (Biblical Belief Center). Furthermore, the regional church old Pietist community association and the South German community association have communities in Ludwigsburg.

The New Apostolic Church is also represented by several churches in Ludwigsburg, as is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints .

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 34.4% of the population were Protestant , 23.3% Roman Catholic and 42.3% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then.

Population development

With the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century, the city's population grew very quickly. In 1803 only 5,000 people lived in Ludwigsburg, in 1900 there were already around 20,000.

By 1939 that number had doubled to 44,000. In World War II, 1,500 people died. Compared to other German cities, Ludwigsburg suffered only moderate damage. The population fell to 39,000 in December 1945. After that, the city's population continued to grow strongly. On June 30, 2005, the official population for Ludwigsburg was 87,703 according to an update by the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office (only main residences and after comparison with the other state offices).

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Until 1833 it is mostly an estimate, then census results (¹) or official updates from the State Statistical Office. From 1871, the information relates to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the “population at the location of the main residence”. Before 1871, the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey procedures.

Population development of Ludwigsburg.svg Population development of Ludwigsburg - from 1871
Desc-i.svg
Population development in Ludwigsburg according to the table below. Above from 1718 to 2017. Below a section from 1871
year Residents
1718 600
1726 2,442
1774 11,607
1803 5,248
December 3, 1843 ¹ 10,726
December 1, 1871 ¹ 11,785
December 1, 1875 ¹ 13,800
December 1, 1880¹ 14,700
December 1, 1885 ¹ 16,187
December 1, 1890¹ 17,418
December 2, 1895 ¹ 19,311
December 1, 1900 ¹ 19,436
December 1, 1905 ¹ 22,585
December 1, 1910¹ 24,926
year Residents
December 1, 1916 ¹ 19,377
December 5, 1917 ¹ 19.206
October 8, 1919 ¹ 23,303
June 16, 1925 ¹ 28,861
June 16, 1933 ¹ 34,135
May 17, 1939 ¹ 43.505
December 31, 1945 38,804
October 29, 1946 ¹ 49,635
September 13, 1950 ¹ 58,489
September 25, 1956 ¹ 69,535
June 6, 1961 ¹ 73,512
December 31, 1965 76,555
May 27, 1970 ¹ 78.019
December 31, 1975 83,622
year Residents
December 31, 1980 81,589
December 31, 1985 76,973
May 25, 1987 ¹ 78,884
December 31, 1990 82,343
December 31, 1995 86,810
December 31, 2000 86,897
December 31, 2005 87,673
December 31, 2010 87,735
May 9, 2011 ¹ 86,139
December 31, 2015 92,973
December 31, 2016 93.035
December 31, 2017 93,593

¹ census result

Incorporations

The following communities or settlements were incorporated into Ludwigsburg:

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council of the city of Ludwigsburg consists of 40 elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The municipal councils were last elected in the local elections on May 26, 2019 . The election led to the following preliminary result:

Parties and constituencies %
2019
Seats
2019
%
2014
Seats
2014
Local elections 2019
 %
30th
20th
10
0
27.69%
19.11%
17.75%
14.83%
8.86%
5.29%
3.32%
2.53%
n. k.
0.62%
diversity
LUBU
Otherwise.
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+ 7.82  % p
-7.61  % p
+ 0.11  % p
-3.69  % p
+ 2.88  % p
+0.09  % p
+ 3.32  % p.p.
-0.84  % p
-1.78  % p
-0.30  % p
diversity
LUBU
Otherwise.
GREEN Alliance 90 / The Greens 27.69 11 19.87 8th
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 19.11 8th 26.72 11
FW Free voters Ludwigsburg 17.75 7th 17.64 7th
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 14.83 6th 18.52 8th
FDP Free Democratic Party 8.86 4th 5.98 2
LEFT THE LEFT 5.29 2 5.20 2
diversity Alliance of Diversity 3.32 1 - -
LUBU List of Independent Citizens 2.53 1 3.37 1
REP The Republicans - - 1.78 1
Gray ones Gray panthers 0.62 - 0.92 -
total 100 40 100 40
voter turnout 56.12% 44.62%

mayor

At the head of the city in the 18th century was a legally qualified mayor , who was assisted by two others. There was also a town clerk. A uniform representation of the citizenry did not exist until 1819. At that time the mayor carried the official title Stadtschultheiß, most of whom received the honorary title of mayor . This was elected by the local council and the citizens' committee. As with all major district towns in Baden-Württemberg, the mayor is the general official name of the mayor. This is elected directly by the electorate for eight years. The Lord Mayor is the chairman of the municipal council. His general deputies are the 1st alderman with the official title of First Mayor and the other alderman with the official title of mayor.

Graves of some mayors in the new cemetery

The city leaders since 1720:

badges and flags

Duke coat of arms from 1705: not only with imperial storm flag , but now also with crest for the county of Grüningen (count's crown with imperial eagle)

The blazon of the coat of arms of the city of Ludwigsburg reads: In blue on an inclined red flagstick with a golden tip, the golden imperial storm flag , inside a red armored and red-tongued black eagle.

The coat of arms was given to the city by Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg shortly after it was granted city rights on September 3, 1718. Several reasons could have played a role for the choice of the motif: Grüningen castle and town , since then Markgröningen , were an imperial fiefdom in the Middle Ages that was linked to the office of the Imperial Assault Ensign and was inherited from the House of Württemberg since 1336. As an expression of this official dignity, the Reichssturmfahne became part of the ducal-Württemberg coat of arms in 1495. A few years before Ludwigsburg was founded, Duke Eberhard Ludwig defended this imperial office, which was meanwhile again important for the desired electoral dignity, against claims by the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and finally brought the flag from the obsolete Markgröninger to the Ludwigsburg palace. The city coat of arms alludes to its function as the ducal residence and the repository of the imperial storm flag. Ludwigsburg also became the seat of the previous Grüningen office , underlining the replacement of Markgröningen by Ludwigsburg. However, after ongoing protests, the Grüningen office was restored to a lesser extent and then finally integrated into the Ludwigsburg Oberamt in 1806 .

The city flag of Ludwigsburg is black and yellow and has been in use since around 1750.

Town twinning

The abacus in front of the forum in the castle park was realized in the spirit of the town twinning in Europe in 2000.

Ludwigsburg has had a partnership with the French Montbéliard since 1950 . The city belonged to the Duchy of Württemberg until 1796. It was the first conclusion of a Franco-German city partnership. Further partnerships exist with Caerphilly in Welsh (since 1960), with Evpatoria (since 1990) in the (Autonomous) Republic of Crimea , with the American Saint Charles (since 1995) and with the Czech Nový Jičín (since 2012).

Sponsorships

In 1962 the sponsorship for the expelled Sudeten Germans from Kuhländchen was taken over. The increasingly better contacts between the displaced and their former homeland after the political change (from 1990) led to the twinning with the town of Nový Jičín (formerly: Neutitschein) in the Czech Republic / Moravia in 2012 .

Economy and Infrastructure

In the Future Atlas 2016 , the Ludwigsburg district was ranked 12th out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with "very high future prospects".

traffic

Ludwigsburg train station around 1860
Standard motorcycle from Ludwigsburg

Road traffic

Ludwigsburg can be reached via the Ludwigsburg-Nord and Ludwigsburg-Süd junctions on the A 81 motorway. At the AS LB-Nord there is a two-lane, direct access to the B 27 in the direction of Bietigheim from the direction of Stuttgart in order to prevent the two traffic lights from being crossed at the junction. This is particularly important for commuters to Stuttgart. In addition, the B 27 Stuttgart – Heilbronn runs through the city with six lanes (approx. 70,000 vehicles per day).

An environmental zone was set up in the city ​​of Ludwigsburg ; therefore, the fine dust sticker has been mandatory in this area since March 1, 2008 . In 2013, the environmental zone was combined with other environmental zones to form a regional environmental zone of Ludwigsburg and the surrounding area, which includes Bietigheim-Bissingen, merges into the Leonberg / Hemmingen environmental zone in the Markgröningen district and connects to the Stuttgart environmental zone in the south.

Rail transport

The Ludwigsburg railway station is on the mainline routes Stuttgart-Heilbronn-Würzburg ( Franconia Railway ) and Stuttgart-Bruchsal ( Western Railway ). The regional and regional express trains to Karlsruhe, Heidelberg, Heilbronn and Würzburg as well as the S4 ( Backnang - Marbach - Stuttgart-Schwabstraße ) and S5 ( Bietigheim -Stuttgart-Schwabstraße) of the Stuttgart S-Bahn stop here . Another S-Bahn stop is the Favoritepark on the S4 line. The branch line to Markgröningen has been closed and reactivation as a light rail is planned. In addition, there is still the Ludwigsburg industrial line in Weststadt , which is used exclusively for freight traffic.

Further public transport

Local public transport is served by the city bus routes operated by LVL Jäger (with sister company Zeiher) and several intercity bus routes operated by the Württemberg bus company .

All public transport can be used at uniform prices within the Stuttgart Transport and Tariff Association (VVS).

Between 1910 and 1926 the trolleybuses of the so-called Ludwigsburg trolleybuses operated in the city .

As a remnant of a once extensive track network, the city of Ludwigsburg still operates an approximately two-kilometer long industrial mainline through the southwest of the city, which is used to serve a steel trade from the Kornwestheim marshalling yard .

The construction of a Ludwigsburg light rail is currently under discussion.

Fair trade city

On February 16, 2011, Ludwigsburg was awarded the Fair Trade seal (see Fair Trade City ).

Companies

Former factory site in Weststadt

Automotive supplier and mechanical engineering

  • Beru was founded in 1912 and manufactures glow plugs and other automotive components.
  • Mann + Hummel was founded in Ludwigsburg in 1941 and is a global leader in filtration solutions and a development partner and series supplier to the automotive and mechanical engineering industries.
  • Getrag , founded in 1935, specializes in car and motorcycle transmissions.
  • The mechanical engineering company MAG Powertrain is the successor to the formerly independent traditional company Hüller Hille or Cross Hüller and still the main part of the ThyssenKrupp Metal Cutting division
  • The machine tool manufacturer Gleason-Pfauter is the successor to the former Chemnitz-based Hermann Pfauter Maschinenfabrik KG.

Other industrial companies

  • The Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG took over the formerly independent folding machine manufacturer Stahl & Co. and has since maintained an office in Ludwigsburg.
  • Porsche operates a sales and marketing branch.
  • Ziemann is a world leader in the planning and construction of brewery systems.
  • In the form of the joint venture EM-motive GmbH, Bosch and Daimler operate a research center in Ludwigsburg.
  • In 2013 the Hahn + Kolb company relocated its headquarters from Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg.
  • The Porsche Design Studio, which belongs to the Porsche Design Group (Porsche license and trading company mbH & Co. KG), also moved from Bietigheim-Bissingen to Ludwigsburg in spring 2014 .

Service company

Important local service companies are the mhplus company health insurance fund and the Wüstenrot Bausparkasse . The MHP management and IT consulting , a consulting firm, is also based in Ludwigsburg.

Formerly based company

From 1987 to 1998, Ludwigsburg was the headquarters of Schadt Computertechnik , the third largest computer manufacturer in Germany by its own account. Until 2003, the US software company Quark Inc. (manufacturer of the popular QuarkXPress DTP software) resided with its Quark Germany GmbH in Ludwigsburg. Both the company headquarters and a development department were located there. With the relocation of the entire production to India, the location was gradually closed completely.

The Ludwigsburg porcelain factory, which had existed since 1758, was dissolved in February 2016 due to bankruptcy.

Among other things, Caro coffee was produced in the Unifranck factory at the train station . It belonged to the Nestlé group. The plant was closed at the end of 2018.

media

Ludwigsburg has meanwhile become a central film and media location in the region. The Baden-Württemberg Film Academy is located here and the Ludwigsburg Film and Media Center is in the immediate vicinity , where over 50 companies and branches from the film and media industry are located. The production company teamWorx has an office in Ludwigsburg.

The private television broadcaster L-TV produces a regional program for the greater Heilbronn-Ludwigsburg area in Ludwigsburg.

Germany's oldest and largest nature, animal and environmental film festival, NaturVision , moved from the Bavarian Forest to Ludwigsburg in 2012 and has since taken place in the local cinemas and since 2014 with a large open-air cinema on Arsenalplatz in the middle of the city center. In addition, there are numerous important industry meetings in Ludwigsburg, such as the European Short Film Festival , the German Business Film Award and the Dokville industry meeting with the award of the German Documentary Film Award .

In Ludwigsburg appears as a daily newspaper , the Ludwigsburg district newspaper .

In 2001 the Ludwigsburg web newspaper was one of the first nationwide online newspapers to go online. There is the web newspaper with the editions Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart.

The independent publishing house Killroy Media , which was founded in 1995 in neighboring Asperg , has been based in Ludwigsburg- Eglosheim since 2013 . The small publishing house emerged from the Asperger Authors' Workshop, which has since been closed and which, under the direction of Michael Schönauer , organized three literature festivals in Ludwigsburg in 1995, 1996 and 1998 . The so-called tatWort festivals were primarily aimed at the left-wing, alternative social beat literature scene and in some cases also at the slam poetry movement of the 1990s and were of national importance.

Former media

In June 1998 , the private regional broadcaster B.TV , originally founded in Karlsruhe , settled in Ludwigsburg's Weststadt, on the site of the former Eisfink refrigerator factory . The station had to file for bankruptcy in July 2002, but continued to operate under the name BTV4U from February 2003 after it was taken over by an entrepreneur from Plüderhausen . Since the license was withdrawn from the operator in the summer of 2004 by the State Office for Communication Baden-Württemberg (LfK), broadcasting on Baden-Württemberg cable television had to be stopped on December 31, 2004. The owner then converted the transmitter into an esoteric advice and teleshopping channel and continued to broadcast from Ludwigsburg under the names fresh 4u , primetime.tv and Telemedial via Astra and on the Internet until the end of June 2008.

After the station moved out of the studio area in Ludwigsburg's Weststadt, the studio was rented to the CP medien agency . The studio will be rented out to Bavaria Fernsehproduktion , which will then produce the ARD early-evening series One for all - women can do it better from January to July 2009 . However, since the series was discontinued by ARD in October 2009 due to a lack of audience interest, the era as a film studio also ended.

The television station sonnenklar.TV produced sales programs for vacation trips in Ludwigsburg until May 2010, but then moved to Munich .

Courts, authorities and institutions

Ludwigsburg has a district court that belongs to the regional and higher regional court district of Stuttgart, as well as the central office of the state justice administrations for the investigation of National Socialist crimes , as well as chambers of the Stuttgart labor court , a tax office and an employment agency . Ludwigsburg is the seat of the State Archives Ludwigsburg , a department of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives .

In addition, the district office of the Ludwigsburg district is located here .

The Klinikum Ludwigsburg , with 969 approved beds the largest hospital clinics Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim gGmbH and academic teaching hospital of the University of Heidelberg .

Ludwigsburg is also the seat of the Middle Neckar Nutrition Center (opened in 1997), one of four such centers in Baden-Württemberg. This is affiliated to the Ludwigsburg district office in its function as the lower agricultural authority.

The city is also the seat of the Ludwigsburg parish of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg and the Ludwigsburg deanery of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese .

Since its foundation in 1948, Ludwigsburg has been the seat of the Franco-German Institute , to which the French library has been affiliated since 1990.

education

Located in Ludwigsburg following universities: the University of Education Ludwigsburg , the School of Public Administration and Finance Ludwigsburg and the Protestant University Ludwigsburg (School of Social Work, religious education and social welfare). In addition, is located in Ludwigsburg Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg and the Academy of Performing Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg

Osterholzschule, former Olga barracks

Ludwigsburg has numerous general and vocational schools: four grammar schools (Friedrich Schiller, Goethe, Mörike and Otto Hahn grammar school ), two secondary schools (Elly Heuss Knapp secondary school and Gottlieb Daimler secondary school) and two special schools ( Eberhard Ludwig School and Silcherschule) as well as numerous elementary schools or elementary and secondary schools or pure secondary schools. In detail: Anton-Bruckner-Grundschule, August-Lämmle-Grundschule Oßweil, Eichendorff-Grundschule Grünbühl, Friedens-Grundschule, Friedrich-von-Keller-Grund- und Hauptschule with Werkrealschule Neckarweihingen, Grundschule Hoheneck, Grundschule Pflugfelden, Hirschberg-Grund- und Secondary school with Werkrealschule Eglosheim, Justinus Kerner Secondary School with Werkrealschule, Lemberg Primary School Poppenweiler, Osterholz Primary and Secondary School with Werkrealschule in the West Education Center, Oststadtschule I Secondary School with Werkrealschule, Oststadtschule II Primary School, Pestalozzi Primary School, Schlößlesfeld Primary School, Schubart- Primary school Eglosheim and Uhland secondary school with Werkrealschule.

The Ludwigsburg district is responsible for the four vocational schools (Carl Schaefer School - Commercial School, Mathilde Planck School - Home Economics and Agricultural School, Oscar Walcker School - Commercial School and Robert Franck School - Commercial School) as well as the three special schools (Froebel school for the speech-impaired with a school kindergarten, school at the Favoritepark for the mentally and physically handicapped each with a school kindergarten and a school for the sick in long hospital treatment).

The private schools Abendrealschule Ludwigsburg e. V., Free Waldorf School Ludwigsburg, Inglingia Sprachschule, the vocational school and the special commercial school for the physically handicapped of the Karlshöhe Foundation complement Ludwigsburg's range of schools.

In Ludwigsburg there is also the State Institute for School Sports Baden-Württemberg and a State Seminar for Didactics and Teacher Training (Realschulen).

The Volkshochschule Ludwigsburg rounds off the educational offer with a wide range of topics for general and continuing education.

It has its rooms in the cultural center on Rathausplatz, which also houses the city ​​library .

Supply and disposal

Power supply

The city's electricity network is operated by Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim GmbH (Kernstadt, Eglosheim, Pflugfelden, Poppenweiler) and Syna GmbH (Hoheneck, Neckarweihingen, Oßweil).

Gas supply

The gas works in Ludwigsburg went into operation in 1858 to produce gas for street lighting. Gas soon turned into a good source of heating energy, so that demand rose steadily. Gas was produced on site until 1963. As early as 1949, the city was partially supplied via a long-distance line. The gas production facilities were shut down in 1963 and the gas was only obtained via long-distance pipeline, at that time from the technical works of the city of Stuttgart . The natural gas network is operated by Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim GmbH .

Water supply

In 1866, the Ludwigsburg municipal utilities began to supply drinking water from their own wells. However, the rapidly growing city could not be supplied permanently from its own wells. Stadtwerke is one of the founding members of the state water supply created in 1912, and in 1916 the city was connected to the long-distance water supply. Since 1958, the city has also been getting drinking water from the Lake Constance water supply .

The city center and the districts of Eglosheim, Hoheneck, Neckarweihingen, Oßweil and Poppenweiler get their drinking water from the state water supply . The Weststadt as well as Pflugfelden, Grünbühl and Tammerfeld are supplied with drinking water from the Lake Constance water supply.

Sanitation

Due to the topographical location, Stadtentwässerung Ludwigsburg operates three sewage treatment plants in Hoheneck (for the core city and for the districts of Oßweil, Neckarweihingen and Hoheneck), Eglosheim (for the Eglosheim district) and Poppenweiler (for the Poppenweiler district). The district of Pflugfelden drains into the sewage treatment plant in Markgröningen , which is operated by the Leudelsbach waste water treatment plant . The wastewater treatment for the Grünbühl district is carried out by the sewage treatment plant in Kornwestheim .

Waste disposal

The waste is taken from the Abfallverwertungsgesellschaft the district Ludwigsburg mbH (AVL), a 100% subsidiary of the district Ludwigsburg. AVL is commissioned to carry out the tasks of avoiding, recycling and disposing of waste on behalf of the Ludwigsburg district.

Culture and sights

Sights of the former royal seat

Ludwigsburg is still shaped by the architectural and cultural heritage of the former royal seat.

Residential palace

The most important sight and landmark of the city is the Residenzschloss , the largest undamaged Baroque palace in Germany. The building was the main government seat of the Württemberg dukes Eberhard Ludwig and Carl Eugen for 26 years . Under King Friedrich I , the residential palace was the summer residence for 19 years. The apartment of the king and queen can be visited as part of public tours. In addition, several museums are housed in the Residenzschloss: On the second floor of the New Corps de Logis, the ceramics museum opened in the castle in 2004 offers an extensive porcelain, faience and ceramics collection from the Württembergisches Landesmuseum Stuttgart. Also on the second floor of the New Corps de Logis is the Carl Eugen Apartment , which can be viewed without a guide. The baroque gallery is housed in the old corps de logis . Over 120 selected works of German and Italian painting from the 17th and 18th centuries are exhibited there. An exhibition on the history of the court theater in Württemberg can be found in the theater museum . The functioning of the mechanics of the historical stage technology is illustrated here on a model. The permanent fixture of the Residenzschloss houses the fashion museum. Using clothing from the 18th to 20th centuries, the development of fashion over the past three hundred years is exemplified.

Blooming baroque

South gardens seen from the Marstall Center

During the summer months, the Blooming Baroque is a much-visited park landscape around the residential palace. Part of the Blooming Baroque is reserved for the nationally known fairytale garden . A park railway has also been operating there for several years .

More locks

The Favorite hunting and pleasure palace (built 1713–1728) can also be visited on a guided tour . Duke Eberhard Ludwig used Favorite for festivities, hunts and as a retreat. But it was not intended for longer residential purposes. The 72-hectare Favorite Park borders the Blooming Baroque to the north. This wildlife park with a pleasure palace , established by Duke Eberhard Ludwig in 1707, is home to fallow deer , European mouflons and Axis deer as well as a variety of bird species, bats and squirrels. It was declared a nature reserve in 1937, thanks to an initiative by Forester Otto Feucht. It is the only nature reserve on the Ludwigsburg mark. This park was created from an oak and hornbeam forest that has been changed by forest pasture. It was fenced in by Duke Eberhard Ludwig, converted into a pheasantry and thus preserved. The dam and axis deer kept here later took over the previous grazing. The area is a light mixed oak forest with numerous 200 to 300 year old oaks and relatively little undergrowth. The trees provide a habitat for numerous rare animal species. The Monrepos lake castle (built 1764–1768) with the associated park also belongs to the ensemble of castles .

Museums

The Ludwigsburg gatehouses were part of the city fortifications; six of them have been preserved and are under monument protection. The Ludwigsburg Garrison Museum is housed in the Asperger Torhaus . The Garrison Museum presents the history of the former "Swabian Potsdam" founded under Duke Carl Alexander . There are also special exhibitions on various military-historical topics in the museum.

The converted baroque building of the former bailiwick, which has been extended by an annex, houses the Ludwigsburg Museum and the exhibition rooms of the Kunstverein Kreis Ludwigsburg . The Ludwigsburg Museum addresses, among other things, the founding of the city and the cultural influence of the court, which produced many artists, musicians and writers. Overall, Ludwigsburg's history and cultural history up to the 20th century, especially handicrafts and trades as well as personalities, are presented. In addition, it houses a unique collection of Württemberg graphics with around 25,000 individual pieces.

Downtown

Marienwahl estate
Former stables on the estate

The center of the planned baroque town is the market square with the market fountain , the Catholic Trinity Church (built 1721–1727) and the two- tower Protestant town church (built 1718–26). To the north of the market square is the wooden market with an obelisk.

Other historic buildings in the city center are:

  • the Marienwahl estate with park and the ruins of the former horse stable (lost place)
  • the Graevenitz Palace
  • the Joseph-Süß-Oppenheimer Haus in Mömpelgardstraße 18.

Sights of recent history

Museums

Interior design of the MIK Museum Information Art

The prison museum shows the life or death of prisoners in present and earlier times. The focus is on the former Ludwigsburg prison and the Stuttgart penal institution. The exhibits include two original German guillotines. The Poppenweiler Village Museum shows agricultural implements, machines and everyday objects from the 19th century. The art association shows changing exhibitions in the rooms of the MIK (Museum Information Art ).

Nazi memorial

Since 2008 so-called stumbling blocks for victims of National Socialism have been laid in Ludwigsburg by the artist Gunter Demnig . By July 2020, 82 memorial stones had been placed throughout the city.

Parks and cemeteries

The old cemetery is a burial place not far from the castle park, which was mainly occupied in the 19th and early 20th centuries. There are grave sites of Wilhelm II. With family and other dignitaries. Numerous historical gravestones, the cemetery chapel converted into a war memorial and the mausoleum for Johann Karl von Zeppelin have been preserved in the midst of old trees. The Old Jewish Cemetery is located directly at the old municipal cemetery . In 1897/98 the New Jewish Cemetery was laid out on Harteneckstrasse in the immediate vicinity of the new municipal cemetery and was first used in 1904. He is in the middle of this cemetery. Furthermore, opposite the south entrance of the Blooming Baroque you will find the Bear Meadow . It is to the left and right of the Königsallee , which connects the Residenzschloss to the south with the Salonwald and to the north with the Favorite Castle . In summer it is often used for grilling, playing and doing sports. There is also a spacious playground that was renovated at the end of 2006.

Districts

The Marstall-Center seen from the Residenzschloss

The northern districts are dominated by the Marstall Center , a shopping center with apartments. The medicinal and thermal bath in the Hoheneck district was opened in 1907.

In 1902/1903 the so-called salon tower, an observation tower in steel framework construction, was built on the Karlshöhe by the “Protestant Brothers and Children's Institution”. The tower was 43.5 meters high and at the time one of the highest observation towers in Württemberg. In 1955 it was canceled in favor of the construction of the federal highway 27, since all other possibilities of the road layout could not be realized or were too cost-intensive.

Other noteworthy structures are the steel frame construction of the radio tower of the Hoheneck substation and the Wüstenrot high-rise .

The Ludwigsburg Arena (MHPArena since September 2012) was officially opened on October 1st, 2009 with a rock-symphonic concert by the Scorpions and the orchestra of the Schlossfestspiele.

The Poppenweiler barrage is located in the Poppenweiler district in the Neckar.

Theater and cinema

Theater performances mainly take place in the Forum am Schlosspark. One of the most famous cultural events is the Ludwigsburg Castle Festival , which Wilhelm Krämer launched in 1932 . These are international festivals with a large number of events from the fields of music, dance, theater and literature at several venues in Ludwigsburg and Baden-Württemberg.

In his first season as artistic director, Wolfgang Gönnenwein founded the in-house festival ensemble, the Ludwigsburg Palace Festival Orchestra, in 1972. Gönnenwein followed in 2005 by Wulf Konold and Michael Hofstetter as artistic directors. Thomas Wördehoff has been director of the Ludwigsburg Palace Festival since 2009 .

One of the highlights of the city's summer program is the theater summer in the Cluss garden in the open-air theater, which is located in the garden of the former Cluss brewery . Since 1991, contemporary interpretations of great classics and children's theater have been shown under the artistic direction of Peter Kratz and Christiane Wolff. The ensemble consists of professional actors who present modern, body-hugging open-air theater in the unique setting of the Cluss Garden. Every year between 8000 and 10000 spectators attend the theater summer performances.

Ludwigsburg is also known as the seat of the Baden-Württemberg Film Academy, founded in 1991 .

In Ludwigsburg, a total of five cinemas can be visited with the “normal” cinemas Central and Union Filmtheater and the three arthouse cinemas Scala , Luna and Caligari. The art house cinemas often show unusual or smaller productions; with their program and their flair they are an enrichment of the film life of the entire region. There are also theater performances, music concerts and author readings in the Scala. Every year, the Caligari presents program items from the Stuttgart International Festival of Animated Film .

Sports

Sports facilities

With the Ludwig-Jahn Stadium , the city has had a football and athletics stadium since 1938 .

sports clubs

Ludwigsburg has seven teams that are successful in the respective national leagues: the two standard formations A and B as well as the A Latin formation of the 1st Tanzclub Ludwigsburg , the Latin formation of the TSC Residenz Ludwigsburg , the MHP Riesen Ludwigsburg ( basketball ), the Hockey Club Ludwigsburg 1912 e. V. and the Ludwigsburg rifle guild.

Above all, the standard A formation of the 1st TC Ludwigsburg, which holds the world record with its eleven world championship titles in the years 1985 to 1990, 1995 to 1996, 2007, 2009 and 2015, made the city as a metropolis of dance far above the national ones Limits known.

The Latin A team of the 1st TC Ludwigsburg has been represented in the 1st Bundesliga of the Latin formations for years - with brief interruptions. The Latin A team of the dance club Residenz Ludwigsburg managed in the 2006 season to be promoted to the 1st Bundesliga as runner-up.

The MHP Riesen Ludwigsburg (formerly Neckar Riesen Ludwigsburg or EnBW Ludwigsburg) have been playing basketball in the two highest German leagues since 1986 and in the 1st Bundesliga (BBL) without interruption since 2002 . The Rutronik Stars Keltern II play in the 2nd women's basketball league .

The karate athletes of MTV 1846 e. V. Ludwigsburg have been successfully participating in national and international kumite competitions for several years and are therefore among the most successful karate athletes in Germany.

The air pistol shooters of the Ludwigsburg 1845 rifle guild e. V. have been successfully participating in shooting sports since the beginning of the Bundesliga.

The water polo players of SV Ludwigsburg 08 e. V. currently play in the 2nd Bundesliga South .

The footballers of SpVgg 07 Ludwigsburg played successfully in the second and third class regional football league in the 1970s and 1990s . SpVgg currently plays in the Enz-Murr district league.

The soccer players of TSV Ludwigsburg played in the women's Bundesliga from 1991 to 1993 . The TSV hockey ladies were members of the field hockey Bundesliga in 1989.

The men's team of the Hockey Club Ludwigsburg 1912 e. V. has played on the field in the 2nd Bundesliga and indoors in the 1st Bundesliga since 2007.

The handball players of the first men's team from SV Ludwigsburg-Oßweil were withdrawn from the Württembergliga Nord this year. It is not yet clear whether they will compete in the regional league next season. The first women's team currently plays in the national league.

The Ludwigsburg City Run , a popular sports event with now over 5,000 participants, has been held annually since 1999.

Regular events

Pumpkin exhibition with figures made from pumpkins
  • June: Market Square Festival
  • June: Oldtimers meet Retro Classics meets Baroque
  • July: Music fireworks in the Blooming Baroque / Oßweiler Music Festival
  • July: Ludwigsburg City Run
  • July: NaturVision Film Festival
  • July: GalaCon (Europe's largest Brony Convention)
  • July / August: Large summer night open-air cinema
  • August: Ludwigsburg vine arbor
  • August: Magic lights in the Blooming Baroque
  • August / November: World's largest pumpkin exhibition in the Blooming Baroque
  • September: Venetian Mass (only in even years)
  • October: Antique Mile
  • December: Baroque Christmas market on the market square

Specialty

The Makenhof, which is located in the north of the city and directly borders the city of Marbach am Neckar, has received its postcode 71672.

Personalities

The young Friedrich Schiller lived in Ludwigsburg from 1766 to 1773. He attended the local Latin school and was confirmed in the garrison church in 1772. The painter Ludovike Simanowiz lived and died in Ludwigsburg. The poet and musician Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart worked as organist and music director of the Württemberg court in Ludwigsburg from 1769–1774. Later the composers Carl Maria von Weber and Friedrich Silcher lived and made music in Ludwigsburg.

The chemist Karl Pfizer was born in Ludwigsburg, emigrated to the USA after the suppression of the March Revolution and founded the pharmaceutical company Pfizer with his cousin Charles Erhart . Horst Köhler , the former Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany , grew up in Ludwigsburg.

Jewish citizens of Ludwigsburg suffered painful fates. In 1735, the influential court factor Joseph Süß Oppenheimer bought a house near the palace. Three years later he was the victim of a judicial murder. The family of the Scholl siblings lived in the city from 1930–1932. Some street names are reminiscent of personalities in the resistance against National Socialism and victims of the Nazi dictatorship. An installation on the square of the former synagogue commemorates deported and murdered Jewish citizens.

literature

  • Christian Belschner: Official files on the history of the founding of Ludwigsburg. In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter , Heft 2 (1901), pp. 56–91.
  • Wolf Deiseroth, Daniela Naumann, Adelheid Hanke, Alois Schneider: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.8.1. City of Ludwigsburg. Konrad Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1938-9 .
  • Andrea Hahn: Ludwigsburg, stations of a city. Andreas Hackenberg, Ludwigsburg 2004, ISBN 3-937280-02-2 .
  • Gernot von Hahn, Friedhelm Horn: Ludwigsburg, city of palaces and gardens. Medien-Verlag Schubert, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-929229-55-2 .
  • Bruno Hahnemann: Ludwigsburg. City - castles - blooming baroque. Ungeheuer + Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1979.
  • Erich Keyser (Ed.): Württembergisches Städtebuch , Volume IV, Partial Volume Baden-Württemberg Volume 2 from the German City Book. Handbook of urban history - on behalf of the working group of historical commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the German Association of Cities and the German Association of Municipalities. Stuttgart 1961.
  • Wolfgang Läpple: Swabian Potsdam. The Ludwigsburg garrison from its beginnings to its dissolution. 2 volumes. Ludwigsburg 2009, ISBN 3-00-014212-6 .
  • Albert Sting: History of the city of Ludwigsburg. 3 volumes. Ungeheuer + Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 2000–2005.
    • Volume 1: From the prehistory to the year 1816. Ludwigsburg 2000, ISBN 3-930872-04-8 .
    • Volume 2: From 1816 to the end of the war in 1945. Ludwigsburg 2004, ISBN 3-930872-08-0 .
    • Volume 3: From 1945 to the castle anniversary in 2004. Ludwigsburg 2005, ISBN 3-930872-27-7 .

Web links

Commons : Ludwigsburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Ludwigsburg  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. Inscription on the memorial stone: "Württemberg land surveying 1820 - Solitude-Ludwigsburg base - length 13032.14 m - end point in the street axis".
  3. Overview of residents, annual update 2015
  4. Determined from the Ludwigsburg city map information ( memento of the original from June 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / logis.ludwigsburg.de
  5. State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Ludwigsburg.
  6. ^ Wolf Deiseroth, Daniela Naumann, Adelheid Hanke, Alois Schneider: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.8.1. City of Ludwigsburg. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1938-9 ).
  7. ^ Ulrich Brandl and Emmi Federhofer: Ton + Technik. Roman bricks. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2403-0 ( publications of the Limes Museum Aalen. No. 61).
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 452 f. and 462 f .
  9. State castles a. Gardens of Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Ludwigsburg Palace: History of a baroque residence . S. 8 .
  10. a b c Frank Huss: Eberhard Ludwig. The Swabian Sun King . 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-35-4 .
  11. ^ Ludwigsburg history sheets, issues 31-34 . 1979.
  12. ^ August Lämmle: Ludwigsburg memories . Stieglitz-Verlag, 1961, p. 29 .
  13. Paul Sauer: Muses, power play and mistresses . S. 158 .
  14. ^ Albert Sting: History of the City of Ludwigsburg: From the prehistory to the year 1816 . S. 429 .
  15. ^ Manfred Bornemann: Gatehouses open the gates . Wasmuth, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 978-3-8030-0659-2 , p. 1 .
  16. Dr. Paul Sauer: History of the City of Stuttgart: From the beginning of the 18th century to the conclusion of the constitutional treaty for the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1819 . S. 87 .
  17. Bernd Zemek: The history of the state of Baden-Württemberg: A success story of over 600,000 years . 1st edition. 2014, ISBN 978-3-7322-9491-6 , pp. 153 .
  18. ^ A b Landesmuseum Stuttgart (ed.): The Kingdom of Württemberg: Monarchy and Modernity . 2006, ISBN 978-3-7995-0221-4 , pp. 77 .
  19. ^ Jacob Toury: Jewish textile entrepreneurs in Baden-Württemberg, 1683-1938 . S. 7 .
  20. Hellmut G. Haasis: Joseph Suss Oppenheimer, called Jud Suss . 1998, p. 175 .
  21. Gudrun Emberger: Let the sources speak . 2015, ISBN 978-3-8445-1830-6 , pp. 43 .
  22. ^ Walter, Jürgen: Carl Eugen von Württemberg: a duke and his subjects . 1987, ISBN 3-7987-0243-8 , pp. 121 .
  23. ^ Jürgen Walter: Carl Eugen von Württemberg . S. 164 .
  24. Moser he calls himself ... Introduction. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 13, 2009 ; Retrieved December 6, 2012 .
  25. Residenzschloss Ludwigsburg: The interiors . S. 76 .
  26. ^ Rolf Bidlingmaier: Hofgeschichten: The Ludwigsburg residence and its inhabitants . S. 69 .
  27. ^ Albert Sting: History of the City of Ludwigsburg: From the prehistory to the year 1816 . S. 312 .
  28. ^ The Kingdom of Württemberg: Monarchy and Modernity . 2006, ISBN 978-3-7995-0221-4 , pp. 58 .
  29. Dr. Paul Sauer: Napoleon's eagle over Württemberg, Baden and Hohenzollern: Southwest Germany in the time of the Confederation of the Rhine . S. 88 .
  30. ^ Hansmartin Schwarzmaier: Handbook of the history of Baden-Württemberg . S. 251 .
  31. See description in the list of cultural monuments in Ludwigsburg .
  32. Erich Keyser: Württembergisches Städtebuch , p. 489. Stuttgart 1952.
  33. https://www.leo-bw.de/media/kgl_atlas/current/delivered/pdf/HABW_7_11.pdf
  34. Wolfgang Läpple; Swabian Potsdam Volume II ISBN 3-00-014212-6 .
  35. ^ Charles de Gaulle: Speech to the German youth on September 9, 1962 at the State Center for Political Education Baden-Württemberg.
  36. ^ City of Ludwigsburg Religion , 2011 census
  37. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 462 .
  38. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 463 .
  39. WinWVIS election processing and information system
  40. Announcement of the result of the election of the Lord Mayor on June 30, 2019 (Section 28 KomWG, Section 44 KomWO) . Official notice. In: Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung . July 2, 2019, p. 28 .
  41. Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources . Stuttgart 1829, facsimile 1992, p. 129 ff.
  42. ^ Report on Ludwigsburg's new twin town Nový Jičín .
  43. Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 24, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prognos.com
  44. Joachim Dog: Photo tip - Rangierlokeinsätze in the Stuttgart region . In: Railway courier . tape 6/2012 , no. 477 , 2012, ISSN  0170-5288 , p. 36-39 .
  45. Fairtrade Towns: City. Retrieved June 7, 2017 .
  46. Employees roast for the last time , at www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de , accessed on February 14, 2019
  47. ^ A b Ludwigsburg district newspaper: 150 years of Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim. Supplement of July 22, 2010.
  48. ^ Deilmann-Haniel: Our company. Issue 20 from November 1977.
  49. Dr. Martin Wörner: Stuttgart: an architecture guide . Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 978-3-496-01290-0 , pp. 211 .
  50. Stuttgarter Zeitung, Stuttgart Germany: Ludwigsburg: Die Klitsche des König. Retrieved July 14, 2019 .
  51. http://www.ludwigsburger-citylauf.de/
  52. Ludwigsburg Wheelchair Dance Days ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 5, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.1-tcl.de
  53. ^ Gert Egle: Schiller's Childhood and Early Adolescence - Family Life in Ludwigsburg , accessed on March 29, 2015.
  54. Ludwigsburg - Jüdische Geschichte / Prayer Hall / Synagoge , accessed on March 29, 2015.
  55. Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, p. 56, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 .
  56. ^ Synagogenplatz Ludwigsburg , accessed on March 29, 2015.