Ludwigsburg Museum
The Ludwigsburg Museum presents the cultural history of the city of Ludwigsburg and its region. The exhibition shows the character of the city as a residence and center of the arts as well as a garrison and industrial location. Of around 25,000 objects that the museum stores, around 500 are shown in its exhibition rooms .
history
The collection of the historical association
The history of the museum's collection goes back to the 19th century. In the first statutes of the Historical Society of Ludwigsburg from November 1897, the main objective was "the collection of antiquities and valuable art objects and their display in suitable rooms". Its collection items were initially placed in the grammar school on Marktplatz in 1899. The first exhibition took place from April 1 to April 9, 1901 in the Ratskeller. It caused a great stir in public; The visitors included King Wilhelm II of Württemberg with his wife and daughter, as well as Princes Hermann and Ernst of Saxe-Weimar and Prince Max of Schaumburg-Lippe . Among other things, personal items from the property of Justinus Kerner , Eduard Mörike and David Friedrich Strauss were exhibited . After the show ended, the collection stayed on the first floor of the Ratskeller; on Sundays from 11 a.m. to 12 p.m., the public could visit them free of charge.
From 1905, the building of ruins in the palace complex provided a home for the growing collection. This place was more spacious, but not suitable in the long run, because "the room was damp", so Oscar Paret in 1947. When Robert Vischer left the office of his father Friedrich Theodor Vischer to the association in 1912 , it had to be exhibited again at the old place in the grammar school . In the Ludwigsburg history sheets of 1913 "pieces of furniture and other valuable souvenirs" by Eduard Mörike and "mummy parts from Egypt" are named as further new additions. In 1921 the association was given rooms in the Favorite-Schlösschen and was able to present its exhibition in "two large halls and no less than eight rooms". An important new addition was the historical-topographical and cultural-historical collection Altwürttemberg , consisting of 5,000 graphic sheets, compiled by the Stuttgart major Hans Winter and bought for the collection by Richard Franck .
In 1932, furniture and furnishings from the possession of Queen Olga were added to the collection as loans to Prince Albrecht von Schaumburg-Lippe . The rare Boulle furniture, busts and statuettes did not survive the Second World War except for a few pieces. Only a bronze table and some brass furniture are still in the museum's possession. A bust of Queen Olga is now in the Residenzschloss.
The rooms in the Favoriteschlösschen were also damp and endangered the holdings. In October 1933, the company moved to the south wing of the residential palace . Because offices took up these rooms, one had to go back to the Favoriteschlösschen in the spring of 1934. In the same year, the Historical Society came into possession of part of Tony Schumacher's doll collection . By 1942, a large number of the pupae were badly attacked by moths. After the war, the doll collection seemed completely lost; However, it was discovered in two unlabeled wooden boxes and was re-exhibited in 1994 after thorough restoration.
The city museum
In a description from 1942, Oscar Paret described the condition of the collection at the end of the 1930s as neglected: numerous boxes were unpacked, dusty and scattered around the rooms without any contents. Books and graphic sheets are lying open and loose on the shelves. The sofa in the Vischer room was eaten by moths. During masonry work for splinter protection, it was said that the stocks were neglected, so that rubble was lying on and in the folders. The Lord Mayor Karl Frank therefore offered the Historical Association in 1937 to take over the collection in the possession and care of the city. This takeover came about at the end of 1941. Oscar Paret, chairman of the historical association since 1941, compiled an inventory in 1942. In view of the danger from air raids, he had the most valuable parts transferred to the Kochendorf salt works in 1943 . They were recovered there intact in 1946. A second depot in the Schillergymnasium was also left unscathed, but a third in the stadium was looted. After the war there was initially no suitable space for all of the holdings. The city rented a small hall in the private apartment of Colonel Max Holland, who took care of the collection on a voluntary basis. It was not until 1958 that the scattered holdings could be found in a building bought by the city in Brenzstr. 21 are to be merged.
In 1958 the collection was given a full-time museum director for the first time. Restored, researched and inventoried, the collection then formed the holdings of the Ludwigsburg Municipal Museum from 1978 . It got the premises in the rear part of the building of the cultural center on Rathausplatz. In 1986 there was a special exhibition about Friedrich Theodor Vischer. In 1991 and 1994 the permanent collection was redesigned and the City History and People in Ludwigsburg departments opened. Another special exhibition in 1994 was dedicated to Tony Schumacher's doll collection.
The museum stayed in the cultural center on Rathausplatz until September 2012. A last special exhibition at the old location showed works by the photographer Loredana Nemes . It then closed for several months in order to move into the newly established MIK Museum Information Kunst . By decision of the city's economic committee, the museum was renamed the Ludwigsburg Museum in November 2012 .
On May 12, 2013, International Museum Day, the Ludwigsburg Museum reopened to the public with the inauguration of the MIK. The museum shares the premises of the MIK with the tourist information office and the art association.
exhibition
Entrance area of the MIK
In the entrance hall of the MIK, selected individual pieces refer to key themes of Ludwigsburg's history: the old wooden spire of the Hoheneck church takes up a large part of the height of the atrium. A statue by Carl Eugen commemorates its founding as a royal seat. An old motorcycle recalls the tradition as an industrial city in the 19th and 20th centuries. Other objects evoke daily life and representation in the 18th and 19th centuries: On the walls of the entrance hall are, among other things, ornaments from buildings, stucco and stone sculptures, an old baby carriage and a large pub sign. Two modern light installations contrast with this.
A little further away in the entrance hall, a model of the city illustrates the layout of the baroque planned city with the Ludwigsburg residential palace .
Gallery on the first floor
Along the gallery wall, chronologically arranged stone blocks protruding from the smooth wall surface show important events in the history of Ludwigsburg. Coming from the staircase, the visitor walks backwards in time from the present to the time the city was founded. Individual showcases with exhibits embedded in the wall allow views into the exhibition rooms behind the gallery. At the end of this corridor, the visitor enters the first exhibition room on the right, the Guter Fürst room .
Good prince showroom
This room is dedicated to the construction of Ludwigsburg Palace and Prince Eberhard Ludwig . Copper engravings show building drafts of the castle after Johann Friedrich Nette as well as different views of the castle after Donato Giuseppe Frisoni . Further graphics show the castles Monrepos , Favorite , Solitude and Hohenheim , the Old Palace and the New Palace in Stuttgart and the Scharnhausen Estate . Two portraits show Eberhard Ludwig and his mistress Wilhelmine von Grävenitz .
In a central showcase, an etching on yellow silk shows the splendid return of the bride to the wedding of Carl Eugen with Elisabeth Friederike Sophie von Brandenburg-Bayreuth .
Idealstadt exhibition space
The next exhibition room is dedicated to the baroque urban layout as the ideal city and the efforts of the duke to populate it with loyal citizens. It contains exhibits and a number of books and documents from that time, broken down by subject. In order to look at them, the visitor has to pull drawers in which they are hidden under glass.
The themes of the room are:
- Order : A central showcase displays a facsimile of the oldest city map of Ludwigsburg. It still shows the bastion around the city, which was probably planned at the time, but was never built. If you press a button on the showcase, the original of the old plan slides out of its light-protected drawer over the copy.
- Planned city ; Various calls by the Duke to settle, life stories from the time and a seal stick with the Ludwigsburg city arms from 1718 are shown.
- Construction site with news from the construction period, stucco from the castle, a building and city map and a representation of the relationships between Italian artists and craftsmen in Ludwigsburg. Many Italian and French craftsmen and artists were working in the city at the time of construction. A German-French-Italian dictionary, which is shown in the exhibition, helped them to find their way around one another and in the foreign environment.
- Residential house shows various plans and models of Ludwigsburg houses, which were mostly built according to the specifications of the state master builder Donato Giuseppe Frisoni .
- Ideal citizen . 21 citizens applied for the first building sites, only two of them were allowed to settle. The ideal citizen had to bring start-up capital; he should not be a farmer, but a civil servant, courtier, tradesman, or craftsman.
- Pharmacy shows a double portrait of the pharmacist couple Gottlieb Jakob and Sophie Beate Bischoff, who were allowed to set up the first city pharmacy in 1721. The founding patent of this pharmacy, a recipe book, a pharmacist's jar and a scale are also issued. A porcelain painting on Ludwigsburg porcelain shows a pharmacist washing cupping heads .
- Orphanage contains documents on the first breeding and workhouse in Württemberg, which Duke Karl Alexander had set up in 1836.
- Garten shows a double portrait of the married couple Johann Caspar and Elisabetha Dorothea Schiller, Friedrich Schiller's parents ; also a single portrait of Elisabetha Dorothea Schiller and a publication by Johann Caspar Schiller on agriculture.
- Verlag shows publications by the printer Johann Georg Cotta , father of the court printer Christoph Friedrich Cotta .
- Manufactory shows painted crockery made of Ludwigsburg porcelain, illustrations for porcelain production from the Encylopédie by Denis Diderot and a drawing for a coffee pot probably made by Nicolas Guibal . This section also shows two representations by Joseph Suss Oppenheimer .
- The workshop shows a miniature dresser by Karl Beyer and a portrait and designs by Johann Georg Beyer, both members of a respected family of carpenters working on behalf of the court.
- School shows objects from the property of Eduard Mörike .
- Church shows a communion chalice, a communion jug, the print of a hymn and a dedication image for the inauguration of the town church in 1726 as well as the market square with the Protestant and Catholic town churches.
Musensitz exhibition room
The next room deals with art and literature in Ludwigsburg in the 18th and 19th centuries. Centrally positioned are busts of the Ludwigsburg writers Justinus Kerner , Friedrich Theodor Vischer , David Friedrich Strauss and Eduard Mörike as well as by Friedrich Schiller . The latter had lived in Ludwigsburg for five years of his childhood. The room presents a collection of pictures, texts and personal items from their lives for each of these five men. Vischer is present through his large desk with wall shelves and his standing desk.
Friedrich Schiller is related to Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart . Both were critics of the courtly conditions: Schubart had to pay for ten years imprisonment on the Hohenasperg , Schiller escaped by fleeing. Among the memorabilia from Strauss there is also a commemorative plaque and silk ribbons from his wife, the singer Agnese Schebest .
Another collection in this room is dedicated to the writer Tony Schumacher , Justinus Kerner's great niece. A bookshelf invites visitors to donate books and thus tie in with the first Ludwigsburg library: Duke Carl Eugen made his library public in 1764. Every Ludwigsburg official had to contribute a book; so in a short time more than 100,000 volumes came together.
A painting by Pierre François Lejeune shows Duke Carl Eugen in the pose of a Roman emperor. Designs by Carlo Innocenzo Carlone are reminiscent of the magnificent ducal theater. They each show Apollo and the muses . The motif can be found on the stage curtain of the castle theater. A portrait of Niccoló Jommelli as well as notes and letters by him and by Jean-Georges Noverre deepen this topic. Jommelli was employed as a composer and Noverre as a choreographer at the court of Carl Eugen. Other pictures are reminiscent of the court painter Nicolas Guibal and the Académie des Arts , which together with the School for Opera, Theater and Ballet in 1770 in the High Charles School .
Showroom reinvention
The Reinvention room is dedicated to the industrialization and economic boom of Ludwigsburg from the second half of the 19th century. Products from Ludwigsburg companies and inventions related to the city are on display. These include brand names that are still known today and that maintain a strong position on the market.
With a twinkle in the eye it is claimed that it would be impossible to cope with everyday life without the products of the inventors from Ludwigsburg: For example, acetylsalicylic acid was synthesized by Felix Hoffmann , who was born in Ludwigsburg , and Botox was discovered by Justinus Kerner . The Ludwigsburg company A. & O. Mack developed the plasterboard , the Strasbourg company Benkiser - before his time in Ludwigsburg from 1924 - the toilet flush. Wilhelm Emil Fein , who was born in Ludwigsburg , not only invented the hand drill , his company C. & E. Fein also developed electric fire alarms, portable telephones and electric coffee machines. The Ludwigsburg company Hakle brought perforated toilet paper off the roll in 1928 and moist toilet paper in 1977. The Ludwigsburg democrat Jakob Friedrich Kammerer invented phosphorus matches with an evenly burning flame in 1832. The chicory coffee from Heinrich Franck Söhne was a mass product from 1868.
Even Barbie and Viagra are associated with Ludwigsburg: The Barbie's model, the Bild-Lilli , was produced by the Hausser company, which was founded in Ludwigsburg in 1912. And Karl Pfizer , founder of today's global corporation and Viagra manufacturer Pfizer , was a native of Ludwigsburg. These indirect references to Ludwigsburg are explained in the museum's information brochure.
Soldier City Exhibition Room
The Soldier City area shows the more than 250 years of Ludwigsburg's military history with a focus on everyday life in a garrison town, whose population consisted at times of more than a third of soldiers. Selected exhibits represent aspects of this everyday life of soldiers and civilians in the period from the feudal army of Carl Eugen, which lent soldiers to other powers, through the imperial era with the establishment of large garrison-owned operations and the two world wars to the stationing of American troops up to 1994 The barracks still shape the cityscape and - through the space they offer - the further development of the city.
Part of this and the following room is dedicated to the Nazi era . Here personal documents remind of the entry of the young flak helpers into the war, a booklet accompanying the film Jud Suss , which is also set in Ludwigsburg, of the anti-Semitic defamatory propaganda of the National Socialists. An organ pipe from the former synagogue is probably the last tangible evidence of this building after its destruction in 1938, a Hitler Youth salvaged it from the rubble. The biographical part of the exhibition also focuses on people who have maintained an attitude towards this:
- The parents of the Scholl siblings , who met in the military hospital in Ludwigsburg during the First World War and lived with the family in Ludwigsburg in the early 1930s.
- Ernst Metzger and Eugen Buhl, who were driven through Ludwigsburg in 1938 because they had retained their business relationships with Jews.
- The Jewish textile merchant and city councilor Max Elsas, deputy mayor from 1916 to 1918, who was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1941 at the age of 84 and died there the following year.
Bürgerstadt exhibition room
The last room is dedicated to modern Ludwigsburg and its citizens. The portrait photos of Loredana Nemes from the last exhibition in the old building have been incorporated into the permanent inventory and now make up a large part of the exhibition in this room. The Ludwigsburg gallery is supplemented by photos from the Walter Heine photo studio from the 1940s and 1950s. The town twinning document with Montbéliard from 1962 refers to the German-French reconciliation beyond this town twinning. That year Charles de Gaulle gave his famous speech to the youth on Ludwigsburg Palace Square. A pack of espresso beans is a reminder of the immigration of Italian guest workers in the 1970s.
The fact that the new era did not replace the old one seamlessly and painlessly is shown by photographs from Richard Äckerle's rulings. In 1941, in his function as district leader of the German Labor Front , the latter condemned two workers to be driven through Ludwigsburg with shaved heads and a sign hanging around my neck, I am a dishonorable woman . They had spoken to French prisoners of war and so, according to Äckerle, were guilty of racial disgrace . In 1948, Äckerles was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and a fine in a court case. - A wooden play town, built around 1946 by internees from Internee Camp 74 , also commemorates the time of denazification .
Hall in the basement
A hall in the basement serves as an exhibition space for temporary exhibitions.
Branch offices
Offices of the museum are a blacksmith's shop that is over 100 years old and a foam magazine for large exhibits.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information board in the entrance hall of the MIK, May 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f Andrea Berger-Fix: The history of the collection of the Ludwigsburg Municipal Museum , in: 100 Years of the Historical Association for the City and District of Ludwigsburg e. V. / Ludwigsburg / Memories from the city and district 1897 - 1997 ; Kommissionsverlag J. Aigner, Buchhandlung, Ludwigsburg 1997; Pp. 43-51.
- ^ Christian Walf: Welcome to the Ludwigsburg Museum. ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung online, November 29, 2012
- ↑ Ludwig Laibacher: A German premiere for the inauguration. Stuttgarter Zeitung , May 11, 2013, page 22
- ↑ a b Guter Fürst , information brochure of the museum, available in the museum
- ↑ a b Idealstadt , information brochure of the museum, available in the museum
- ↑ Johann Caspar Schiller: Economic contributions to the promotion of the bourgeois prosperity, considerations about agricultural things in the Duchy of Würtemberg. (sic), 1767-1768
- ↑ Muse seat , information brochure of the museum, available at the museum
- ↑ a b c Reinvention , museum information brochure, available in the museum
- ↑ a b Soldiers' City , information brochure of the museum, available in the museum
- ↑ Tim Höhn: A state act for a famous speech , Stuttgarter Zeitung online, August 24, 2012, accessed on May 17, 2013
- ↑ a b Bürgerstadt , information brochure of the museum, available in the museum
- ↑ Alte Schmiede ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the city of Ludwigsburg, accessed on May 15, 2013
Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '46.7 " N , 9 ° 11' 33.7" E