High Charles School
The Karlsschule (also Carlsschule ), from 1770 to 1775 on the Solitude or since 1775 in Stuttgart , since December 1781 Hohe Karlsschule in Stuttgart, was founded in 1770 by Duke Karl Eugen as a military nursery in the ducal pleasure palace Solitude near Gerlingen (Württemberg). It served as a military academy , an art academy and later as a general university and was intended as an elite school for sons from respected Württemberg families in order to bind them to the court with absolute obedience and to train them to become the leading elite. In 1781 it was elevated to a university by Emperor Joseph II and named Karl's High School , but after the death of Duke Carl Eugen, it was dissolved by his brother and successor Ludwig Eugen in 1794.
The Karlsschule, now a military academy ( Karlsakademie ), was relocated from Solitude Palace to Stuttgart in 1775 . The school building behind the New Palace , previously a barracks , was largely destroyed by bombs in World War II and completely demolished in 1959 to make way for the new construction aisle of the B 14. The building and its location are shown on a plaque next to the academy fountain.
She was notorious for her authoritarian educational methods, which provoked resistance from some students. Uniforms were compulsory for the pupils. Wearing a wig was a requirement. According to the documents handed down, the following daily routine can be reconstructed for the students on Solitude:
“Getting up at 5 am in summer, 6 am in winter, afterwards inspection, report, breakfast, then lessons 7–11 am, 11 am–12 noon, clothing cleaning and inspection by the Duke. 1 p.m. Lunch, followed by a walk in the department in the presence of the supervisors and again lessons from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. An hour of recovery from 6 pm to 7 pm was followed by an examination, report and dinner at 7.30 pm. Bedtime was scheduled for 9 p.m. Long walks under the supervision of officers were possible on Sundays. Visits to relatives were just as infrequent as holidays. There were no holidays. "
In addition to Friedrich Schiller and his friend Friedrich von Hoven, the students at the Karlsschule (or Karlsakademie) included the sculptor Johann Heinrich Dannecker (who also taught as a professor at the Karlsschule), the painter Joseph Anton Koch and the doctor and political journalist Johann Georg Kerner . Other well-known students and teachers were Ludwig Abeille , Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth , Johann Michael Armbruster , Karl Wilhelm Marschall von Bieberstein , Ernst Franz Ludwig Marschall von Bieberstein , Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein , Antonio Boroni , Georges Cuvier , Friedrich Distelbarth , Johann Christoph Friedrich Haug , Gottlob Friedrich Haug , Ernst Häußler , Viktor Wilhelm Peter Heideloff , Friedrich Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen , Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer , Karl Heinrich Köstlin , Johann Friedrich LeBret , Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig Mack , Adam Albert Graf von Neipperg , Philipp Christian von Normann-Ehrenfels , Karl August Friedrich von Phull , Jakob Friedrich Rösch , Philipp Jakob Scheffauer , Gottlieb Schick , Johann Baptist Seele , Johann Friedrich Stahl , Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret , Christian Zais , Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg .
This list takes into account personalities of the Charles School (1770 to December 1781) as well as the High Charles School (December 1781 to 1794).
“Of the 1,496 pupils who attended the academy, 140 embarked on a military career. Relatively many, there are 33 generals alone, have achieved higher and highest officer positions in various European countries. "
On August 16, 1852, Captain Philipp Jakob Gaupp (born April 30, 1764 in “ Lerach in Switzerland ”), a student of Charles 1778–1783, died in Baden-Baden as the last of the pupils and the last surviving officer of the Cape Regiment .
literature
- August Friedrich Batz: Description of the High Charles School in Stuttgart . Stuttgart 1783, reprint: Lithos, 1987, ISBN 3-88480-008-6 .
- Werner Gebhardt: The students of the Hohen Karlsschule. A biographical lexicon . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011. ISBN 978-3-17-021563-4 (contains the students of the Karlsschule up to 1781 and the Hohen Karlsschule from 1781).
- John Komlos: Height and social position of students of the High Charles School in the 18th century . Scripta Mercaturae, volume 1, 1996.
- Otto Krimmel: Contributions to the assessment of the Hohen Karlsschule in Stuttgart . Bosheuyer, Cannstatt 1896 ( digitized version ).
- Axel Kuhn et al .: Enthusiasm for revolution at the Hohen Carlsschule . Frommann-Holzboog, 1989.
- Franz Quarthal : Die Hohe Carlsschule , in: Christoph Jamme (Ed.): “O Princess of Home! Happy Stutgard ”. Politics, culture and society in the German southwest around 1800 (= German idealism; 15). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1988, pp. 35-54 ( full text ).
- Stefan Seiler: sister universities or competing institutions? The High Charles School and the University of Tübingen 1770-1994 . In: Ivo Cerman (Ed.): Noble education. The challenge of education and the consequences. Meidenbauer, Munich 2006, pp. 71-82, ISBN 3-89975-057-8 .
- Robert Uhland: History of the High Charles School in Stuttgart . (= Representations from the history of Württemberg; vol. 37). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1953.
Web links
- Karlsschule in the Schiller film shot in 1923 by Curt Goetz
- The Academy buildings ( Memento from February 17, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
- Schiller in the Karlsschule
Individual evidence
- ↑ Quoted from Heinz Stade: On the way to Schiller ; Berlin: Structure of the Taschenbuch Verlag, 2005; P. 34.
- ↑ quoted from Karl von Seeger, Two Thousand Years of Swabian Soldatism , Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 1937, p. 109.
Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 40.1 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 59.5 ″ E