Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth

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Johann Hermann Heinrich Ferdinand von Autenrieth at the end of life

Johann Hermann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth , von Autenrieth since 1818 (also Authenrieth , born October 20, 1772 in Stuttgart , † May 2, 1835 in Tübingen ), was a doctor from Württemberg . He is considered to be the founder of the Tübingen University Hospital and was a member of the Württemberg Council of Estates . Autenrieth became known for his empirically based medicine . He was the personal physician of King Wilhelm I of Württemberg and a member of many medical commissions in Württemberg.

Life

Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth, portrait by Christoph Friedrich Dörr , 1802

Autenrieth received his first training at the grammar school in Stuttgart and in 1785, only 13 years old, heard first lectures in natural sciences and medicine at the Hohen Karlsschule , where his father taught as a professor for camera sciences . He became a member of Baron Georges Cuvier's scientific circle . In 1792 he received his doctorate in medicine and then studied with Antonio Scarpa (1752-1832) and Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821) in Pavia . Further stations were Trieste , Vienna and Schemnitz in Hungary. In 1794 he returned to Stuttgart.

In 1794 Autenrieth accompanied his father on a trip to Baltimore . He practiced for six months in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and survived yellow fever . From Baltimore he wrote a letter to Christoph Heinrich Pfaff about the anatomy of dolphins. In 1797 he and Leibmedicus Philipp Friedrich Hopfengärtner (1771–1897) published a translation of Benjamin Rush's book about yellow fever in Philadelphia from 1793 in Stuttgart. After one and a half years he returned to Stuttgart and received the title of "Hofmedicus", became inspector of the Natural history cabinet of Duke Friedrich Eugen and, in the autumn of 1796, a member of the medical commission that was deployed against the rampant rinderpest . In 1797 he became professor of anatomy, physiology , surgery and obstetrics at the University of Tübingen . At the same time he married his cousin Johanne Friederike Bök (1774-1853), a daughter of his aunt Louise Friederike geb. Ramsler (1749–1825) and her husband, the Tübingen philosophy professor August Friedrich Bök (1739–1815).

In the first eight years of his teaching activity, he taught not only anatomy and physiology, but also surgery, gave surgery courses, taught obstetrics and was a medical visitor for the upper regions of Württemberg until 1813 and after the death of Christian Friedrich von Jäger personal physician to the King of Württemberg .

Services

Autenrieth mask , drawing from a psychiatric textbook. Patients were gagged with such masks.

Autenrieth wanted to have a clinic in Tübingen for bedside teaching, for which the Burse in Bursagasse, which originated from Philipp Melanchthon's time, was converted. The building is barely more than 200 steps away from the Theological Monastery and offered an idyllic scenic view. In 1805 Autenrieth opened the hospital there with 15 beds in 12 rooms, which he managed from 1805 to 1811. Surgery and obstetrics separated from internal medicine . This clinic was the nucleus of today's Tübingen University Hospital . When the clinic opened in 1805, Autenrieth handed over the surgery lessons to the newly appointed Professor Christian Ludwig Hiller and taught not only anatomy and physiology, but also pathology . After 1811 he concentrated on pathology and therapy as well as clinical forensics . The “lunatic asylum” in Tübingen was something new in its own way, as for the first time the mentally ill were no longer just kept, but subjected to therapy. By today's standards, the therapies used there were more of an ordeal. This included the administration of sedatives and stimulants such as Belladonna and Digitalis , cold water baths and rubbing with "Authenrieths Martyrs Ointment " from Tartarus emeticus on the shaved skull, which were supposed to cause artificial ulcers , or the Autenrieth mask, with which the patients were prevented from screaming.

From September 15, 1806 to May 3, 1807, the poet Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843) was housed in the clinic run by Autenrieth. Autenrieth stipulated that the then 20-year-old medical student Justinus Kerner (1786–1862) would take care of the 16-year-older forcibly interned Holderlin and keep the medical book. During his student years in Tübingen, Kerner felt attracted and fascinated by Holderlin as a poet. However, no information on the medical treatment of Holderlin has been received. Hölderlin was discharged from Autenrieth's hospital as terminally ill and taken in for care by an admirer of his works, the master carpenter Ernst Zimmer, and lived in a room in his house, which was only called the Hölderlin Tower much later , for 36 years.

After the death of Wilhelm Gottfried Ploucquet (1744–1814), Autenrieth was the most sought-after physician in Tübingen; people from Württemberg and other countries sought his advice. Autenrieth played an important role in the development of the medical system in the Kingdom of Württemberg . After Christian Friedrich von Schnurrer , Autenrieth became Vice Chancellor of the University of Tübingen in 1819 while he remained a professor. In this capacity Autenrieth was a member of the Württemberg Estates Assembly . In 1821 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy . From 1812 he was a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Autenrieth was Chancellor of the university from 1822 until his death in 1835 . From 1821 until his death he had a seat in the Württemberg Chamber of Deputies, the second chamber of the state parliament, which led to interruptions in his teaching activities.

He handed over teaching to his son Hermann Friedrich Autenrieth (1799–1874), who also became a well-known physician.

Honors

In 1812 Autenrieth was awarded the Order of Civil Merit. In 1818 he received the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , which was associated with the personal title of nobility.

Fonts

  • The physical origin of man . Friedrich Wilhelm Haselmayer, Tübingen 1800 (digitized version) .
  • Johann Christian Reil , Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth (Hrsg.): Archives for Physiology . Curtsche Buchhandlung, Halle 1807–1812. 1812 (digitized version)
  • Joh. Heinr. Ferd. v. Autenrieth, Joh. Gottlieb Fri. v. Bohnenberger (Hrsg.): Tübinger sheets for natural sciences and medicine . Osiander, Tübingen 1815–1887 First Volume First Part Second Volume , Second Part Second Volume , Third Part .
    • Character of the prevailing diseases in Tübingen . In: "Tübinger Blätter für Naturwissenschaften und Arzneykunde".
    • Hearing diseases . In: "Tübinger Blätter für Naturwissenschaften und Arzneykunde".
    • Consumption . In: "Tübinger Blätter für Naturwissenschaften und Arzneykunde".
  • About man and his hope of continuity from the standpoint of the natural scientist . Laupp, Tübingen 1825.
  • Archive for Physiology , (1807, Vol. VII; 1809, Vol. IX), published together with Johann Christian Reil (1759–1813)
  • His writings from Pavia were published in Baldinger's Neues Magazin , 1794, Vol. XVI
  • B. Rush: Description of the yellow fever that ruled Philadelphia in 1793 . Tübingen, 1796. Translated by Autenrieth and Philipp Friedrich Hopfengärtner. Cotta, Tübingen 1796. (digitized version)
  • Experimenta et observata quaedam de sanguine praesertim venoso .
  • Letters from a traveler about Hungary . Flora, Vol. 3.
  • Notes on Seasickness . In: "Hufelands Journal der practical Arzneykunde und Wundarzneykunst", 1796.
  • Supplementa ad historiam embryonis humani. Inaugural program as professor , 1797.
  • Manual of Empirical Human Physiology . Part 1–3, Tübingen 1801–1802. First part , second part , third part
  • The physical origin of the human being, made visible through exalted figures and accompanied by rational excerpts from the best writers . Haselmayer, Tübingen 1800. Part 1
  • Remarks on the structure of the plaice and the skeleton of the fish in general . In: Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann's Archive for Geology and Zootomy , 1800, Vol. 1.
  • as publisher: Experiments for practical medicine from the clinical institutions of Tübingen . Cotta, Tübingen 1807-1808. Part 1
  • Instructions for forensic doctors and surgeons in those cases of legal inspections and dissections, poisoning, child murder ... in which the first examination must be sufficient . Cotta, Tübingen 1806 (digitized version) .
  • About the Book of Job . Heinrich Laupp, Tübingen 1823 (digitized version)
  • About man and his hope of continuity from the standpoint of the natural scientist. Some academic speeches with an appendix . Heinrich Laupp, Tübingen 1825 (digitized version)
  • About the relocation of the universities to the residences . Heinrich Laupp, Tübingen 1826. (digitized version)
  • Treatise on the origin of circumcision among wild and semi-wild peoples, with reference to the circumcision of the Israelites . Heinrich Laupp, Tübingen 1829 (digitized version)
  • Views on the life of nature and the soul . Cotta, Stuttgart a. a. 1836 (digitized version)
  • Handbook of special nosology and therapy based on the system of a famous German doctor and professor . Part 1 Part Two This two-volume work was published by Carl Ludwig Reinhard from 1834 to 1836 without naming Autenrieth. It appeared in 1838 as "Autenrieth's Vorlesungen"

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dietrich Geyer : Melancholy and frenzy. The beginnings of psychiatry in Germany , CH Beck: Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-66790-9 , pp. 49-57 (Eschenmayer and Autenrieth in Tübingen).
  2. ^ Klaus Dautel: Friedrich Hölderlin moves into the tower . In: "Yearbook of the Hölderlin-Gymnasium Nürtingen", 2007.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Pabst: Hölderlins Verrückung . In: “Focus” 1998, No. 49.
  4. ↑ Uwe Gonther, Jann E. Schlimme: Hölderlin and psychiatry . Psychiatrie-Verlag: Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-88414-513-5 ; P. 84 ff. (Keyword “Autenrieth and Kerner”).
  5. ^ Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (ed.): Members of the predecessor academies . Hermann von Autenrieth , accessed on February 11, 2015.
  6. ↑ Royal Württemberg Court and State Manual , 1828, p. 32.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Ferdinand von Autenrieth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Autenrieth, Johann Heinrich Ferdinand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Autenrieth, Johann Heinrich Ferdinand von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH October 20, 1772
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1835
Place of death Tübingen