Eller

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Eller (disambiguation) .

Eller district of the state capital Düsseldorf
Basic data
Geographic location :	51 ° 12 ′  N , 6 ° 50 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′  N , 6 ° 50 ′  E
Height:	38  m above sea  level
Surface:	5.91 km²
Residents:	31,516 (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	5,333 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1909
District:	District 8
District number:	082
Transport links
Autobahn :
S-Bahn :	S 1 S 6 P 68
Light rail :	U 75
Tram :	705
Bus route:	721 722 723 724 730 731 732 735 736 891 M 1
Night traffic:	815 NE 6

Eller Castle

Eller is a district of Düsseldorf that was an independent municipality from 1896 to 1909 and is now part of district 8. The district administration is based in the historic Eller Town Hall. As of December 31, 2016, the district has around 31,500 inhabitants and an area of ​​5.91 km².

location

Eller is located in the south-east of Düsseldorf in the inner periphery. Neighboring districts are - clockwise - in the southwest Oberbilk , in the northwest Lierenfeld , in the northeast Vennhausen , in the southeast Unterbach , in the south Hassel , Holthausen and Wersten . The southern arm of the Düssel , which gave the city of Düsseldorf its name, flows through Eller .

history

Middle Ages and early modern times

Archaeological finds indicate continuous settlement of the area since the 2nd century AD. Historians differ, however , as to whether there was a Germanic , Romanized Germanic or even Roman settlement. It should have been a matter of individual solitary sites with small farmsteads, which, according to Germanic custom, were scattered on dry high points. It was first mentioned in a document as a patch in 1218, then in 1231, in the lifting role of the Gerresheim monastery under the name Elnere , which means "pasture on the marsh". Both in 1247 an Adolphum de Elnere was cited in a document on the distribution of property between Countess Irmgard von Berg and her son Adolf IV, and in 1288 Ludwig von Elnere as a witness in the city elevation of Düsseldorf. In 1309 there is the first documented reference to an Eller castle ( castrum Elnere ), which, however, may have been much older, as a Gumpert von Elnere was found as subordinate of a court near Hitdorf as early as 1151 . In 1362 a Konrad von Elner followed as bailiff in Monheim . In 1368 a judgment of the Himmelgeist district court was affirmed with the seals of "Everadum pastorem in Rayde ( Benrath ) et Rutgerum domicellum (Herr) de Elnere ". At that time the property was probably still an allod , as the lords of Elnere did not accept the dukes of Berg as their feudal lords until 1424 . In a document from 1447, the brothers Heinrich and Johann Elner divided their property. Heinrich von Elner received Haus Eller with an Erbwaldgrafenamt in the Bilker and Reisholzer Gemark and Johann von Elner Haus Elbroich with the Erbwaldgrafenamt in the Reisholzer Gemark.

Shortly after the division of property, Heinrich von Elner sold the Eller house to Adolph Quad in 1448 , who was probably his son-in-law and who had the castle rebuilt as a moated castle by 1469. As Kunkellehen the manor then frequently changed hands until the early 18th century. Documented owners were:

• 1490 Johann von Eineberg zu Trimborn , who married Adolph Quad's daughter Johanna.
• 1535 Robert von Plettenberg , who was also married to the daughter of the last owner. It followed
• 1572 Herrmann Quad von Wickrath , the husband of Catharina von Plettenberg, and
• 1600 the son Bertram Quad . When he died without offspring, was
• 1621 Johann von Harff , the husband of Irmgard von Plettenberg, next fief. It followed
• 1637 their son Werner von Harff .
• In 1711, Elector Jan Wellem acquires Eller's house from the heirs of the last lieutenant, Freiherr von Wrange . It now remains as a sovereign domain in the possession of the respective reigning Dukes von Berg until the handover of the duchy to the French in 1806.

The respective owner of Haus Eller was, as a mark or forest count, chairman of the trademark court for the forest area of ​​the Reisholzer Gemark. This court was responsible for monitoring the use of the forest for logging and cattle driving. At the same time, the margrave was in possession of the game ban (hunting rights).

The place of jurisdiction was the " Thinghaus an der Aldebrück" , today Altenbrückstraße, in today's district of Hassels , as this area belonged to the Eller district at the time. The rights listed existed until the introduction of a new judicial organization on December 17, 1811 by the French administration at the time.

Eller developed into a closed settlement around 1300. The core of the village was today's Alt-Eller street and its intersection with Gumbertstrasse as far as Düssel, where the building of the earlier water mill from the 18th century is still located today. The Holländisches Haus inn at Gumbertstrasse 188 between Alt-Eller and the Düssel was built in 1648 after the end of the Thirty Years War and rebuilt in 1813. After the tower of the moated castle that was preserved during the construction of the castle, it is the oldest preserved architectural monument of Eller.

Since the 19th century

On March 15, 1806, the Duchy of Berg was ceded to Napoleon I. He transferred the power of government for the Grand Duchy of Berg to his brother-in-law Joachim Murat . With the decree of October 13, 1807, the municipal responsibilities were changed and determined. The new canton of Richrath , the successor to the Monheim office , included many other localities and Eller. After the end of French rule, Prussia took control of the former Duchy of Berg in 1814 . On April 15, 1814, the Prussian Governor General Eller was assigned to the joint community of Benrath .

In 1842 Eller and Hilden were separated again from the joint municipality of Benrath, but remained united. It was not until 1861 that this community was dissolved and both became independent communities again.

On January 17, 1823, the Eller moated castle was publicly auctioned. The buyer was Carl Franz von Plessen . Due to ongoing decay, it was demolished down to the tower in 1826 and rebuilt as Eller Castle . After only a castle chapel had existed as the only church in Eller since around 1230, the Catholic parish church of Eller was built on the corner of Alt-Eller and Gumbertstraße according to plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel from 1829 . This church was demolished in 1901 because of a larger new building; the Ellerkirchstraße still reminds of the former location.

The area of ​​the municipality of Eller, at that time part of the mayor's office in Hilden, was much larger at the beginning of the 19th century than it is now. It still largely corresponded to the historical district Eller in the late Middle Ages. At the beginning of the 20th century it was still bordered by Benrath, Hilden and Erkrath in the southeast. In an official listing for the then administrative district of Düsseldorf, the following settlements and hamlets were listed under Eller for 1817 : Elb, Eller, Haus (castle) Eller, Kamp, Klein-Eller, Oersch, Reisholz (as a peasantry), Wilkesfurt and Ziegelkamp. Today's Altenbrück area in Hassels , originally also part of the Eller district, is listed under Benrath as early as 1817 .

In 1832 308 people lived in Eller, 287 Catholics and 21 Protestants. The village had a church and a public building, 50 houses, a mill and 37 farm buildings. 19 people lived in the manor.

A prominent inhabitant of the castle from 1843 until her death in 1882 was Princess Luise of Prussia , who celebrated the couple's birthday with her husband Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig of Prussia , who otherwise lived in Berlin, on October 30th in Eller, on which the residents of the village celebrated theirs Expressed admiration for the popular prince couple through festively decorated streets, illumination and music. During this time, industrialization began, which permanently changed the face of the place.

Eller Town Hall

In 1870 Eller had 1000 inhabitants. Since 1872, two railway lines have run through the town, which has its own train station. In 1896 Eller became an independent mayor. The steadily growing population required larger public buildings and so with the new building of the Catholic Gertrudiskirche (1901) and the town hall (1901) on the newly created central Gertrudisplatz (at the time Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz ) as well as the Protestant castle church (1905) emerged at the beginning of the 20th century Buildings that still shape Eller's image today. At the same time, Gumbertstrasse is developing into the municipality's main shopping street. In 1907 the Eller cemetery was set up south of the community on Werstener Feld.

As early as 1896, the water supply Ellers was contractually agreed by the city of Düsseldorf and in 1899 the connection with a tram line, which went into operation on May 1, 1902. With a resolution of the Eller municipal council on February 10, 1909, the municipality was incorporated into Düsseldorf. At that time, the Steele area was separated from Eller and hived off to Groß-Benrath, part of the Hassels community. At that time Eller had a size of 6.15 km² and a citizenship of over 10,000 inhabitants.

Eller suffered considerable damage during World War II. The Church of St. Gertrud was badly hit in air raids in 1943, in 1944 between Easter and the end of the year there were 861 air raids and in 1945 Eller was under artillery fire. With the invasion of the American troops on April 17, 1945, the Second World War ended for Düsseldorf and thus also for Eller. The place was rebuilt and the palace park opened to the public in 1950.

New residential areas were developed in the 1950s to 1970s, particularly in Eller-Süd and on Deutzer Straße, which resulted in a considerable increase in the population. The one-family housing estate north of Dillenburger Weg was called "Gurkenland" due to its earlier use. Even if, strictly speaking, only the paths north of Offenbacher Weg in the neighboring district of Oberbilk belong to the Gurkenland, this term is also used in an extended manner for the area around the street “Am Schabernack”. The second Catholic parish church St. Augustinus on Deutzer Straße from 1932, damaged in the Second World War , was replaced in 1964 by a larger new building by the architect Emil Steffann and with St. Hedwig , an additional Catholic branch church was built in 1974 near the processional cross Ostrich Cross on Werstener Feld southern Eller. However, due to the decline in mass visits, the Hedwig Church was profaned again in 2006 and then converted into a nursing home. In the Gurkenland, the Protestant community built the Jakobuskirche as a second church in 1962 according to plans by the architect Eckhard Schulze-Fielitz , which, however, burned down completely on the night of June 8, 1978 and was rebuilt in 1983 in a completely different form.

German Skateboard Championship in the newly built Eller Skateboard Park, 2019

In 1976, not far from the palace, the school complex of the first Düsseldorf comprehensive school was built on Kikweg with a swimming pool (now a pure club school pool), which is controversial because of the teaching concept and its brutalist- style architecture . In 2005 it was renamed the Dieter-Forte -Gesamtschule. The Kikweg college school, which is part of the complex, was renamed the Lore Lorentz School in 1998 and was given a new building in 2007 on the corner of Schlossallee and Heidelberger Strasse.

In 1975 the city districts and the district administrations were introduced in Düsseldorf. The Eller district was incorporated into District 8, the administration of which is located in the Eller Town Hall. On January 1, 2006, the district boundary between Lierenfeld and Eller was changed, which meant that Eller was 29 hectares smaller.

In December 2012 there was a collision between a total of three freight locomotives and a Rheinbahn bus at the Am Hackenbruch level crossing on the freight train route there. The bus was completely destroyed, all locomotives derailed, and one got into a small allotment house.

Transport links

Eller S-Bahn station with the former station building

• Motorway connection: Düsseldorf-Eller exit ( A 46 Wuppertal – Neuss, A 59 Düsseldorf – Leverkusen)
• S-Bahn : S1 to Solingen, Essen and Dortmund, S6 to Cologne and Essen, S68 to Langenfeld and Wuppertal
• S-Bahn stations: Eller , Eller Süd , Eller Mitte
• Tram lines: 705 (until 2016: 715) to Unterrath
• Light rail lines: U75 to Oberkassel and Neuss
• Bus lines: M1, 721, 722, 723, 724, 730, 731, 732, 735, 736, 815, 891, NE6

(As of August 29, 2018)

Attractions

• Eller Castle (1824–1826), classicist mansion, attributed to Adolph von Vagedes , with castle park with the help of Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe , reopened in 2010 after renovation, since 2011 historical district museum "Forum 8" in the former chauffeur house
• Town hall (1901), neo-renaissance brick building .
• Catholic Church of St. Gertrud (1900–1901), three-aisled neo-Gothic brick basilica by Wilhelm Sültenfuß
• ev. castle church (1905), neo-Romanesque whitewashed brick basilica by Moritz Korn
• Kulturbahnhof Eller , rural suburban train station from 1872, since 1985 cultural center with exhibitions, artist studios and city district archive
• Roundhouse (1930–1931) of the Düsseldorf depot , today Classic Remise oldtimer location , formerly Meilenwerk location Düsseldorf (2006–2011). At the time of construction the roundhouse was in the area of ​​Eller, today after border changes in the district of Oberbilk.

See also : List of architectural monuments in Eller

• New Home Settlement , Von-Krüger-Straße (corner of Schlossallee / Vennhauser Allee)
• 
• 
• 
• 

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place:

• Heiner Koch (* 1954), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Berlin , previously Bishop of Dresden-Meißen , previously Auxiliary Bishop in the Archdiocese of Cologne . He celebrated his episcopal primacy on May 14, 2006 in his home parish of St. Gertrud zu Eller.
• Jörg Schmadtke (* 1964), soccer goalkeeper at Fortuna Düsseldorf and soccer coach

Personalities related to the place (chronological):

• Princess Luise of Prussia (1799–1882) born. Princess von Anhalt-Bernburg , lived at Eller Castle from 1843 to 1848 and from 1855 until her death.
• Friedrich Vohwinkel (1840–1900), timber wholesaler and councilor, co-founder of the Rheinbahn and RWE , acquired Eller Castle in 1883, where he also died.
• Berta Schmidt-Eller (1899–1987), Christian writer, actually Berta Schmidt. She lived in Eller since 1915 and added the place name to her author's name in 1924.
• Kurt Borkenhagen (1919–2012), soccer player at Fortuna Düsseldorf and national soccer player, lived on Vennhauser Allee in Eller for more than fifty years
• Fritz Briel (1934–2017), canoeist, lived in Eller and for decades ran the Briel bath house on Werstener Feld in Eller-Süd
• Heino (* 1938, bourgeois Heinz Georg Kramm), pop singer, lived in Meisenheimer Weg in the 1960s and was married to his second wife Lilo Dahmen in Eller in 1965; Heino's mother lived on Sturmstrasse in Eller-Süd.
• Inka Grings (* 1978), national soccer player, grew up in Gurkenland and played for TSV Eller 04 from 1984 to 1990 .

literature

• Ulrich Brzosa: The Gumbertstrasse from Klein-Eller to Eller-Mitte ; Erfurt: Sutton (The Archive Pictures Series) 2012
• Ulrich Brzosa: Düsseldorf-Eller ; Erfurt: Sutton (The Archive Pictures Series) 2008
• Karl Bernd Heppe: Our Eller - From the knight's seat to the district ; Düsseldorf: Stadt-Sparkasse 1984
• Gunhild Lehmkuhl: Where is your brother Abel? Jewish citizens in Eller, Lierenfeld and Vennhausen 1933–45 ; Düsseldorf: Grupello 1994

Individual evidence

1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 082 - Eller
2. ↑ Düsseldorf-Eller in the story in: The home. Home magazine for Düsseldorf and the surrounding area , September 1955, p. 195
3. ^ In: Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf , Volume Q – S, p. 196.
4. ↑ Christoph Jakob Kremers, in: Academic contributions to the Gülisch-Bergischen history , 1781, vol. 3, certificate LXXV, p. [313] 94.
5. ↑ cL historia; in: Düsseldorf city history , 1. From village to royal seat.
6. ^ In: Benrath historically, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; 1986, reprint of issue 5, p. 29.
7. ^ In: Benrath historically, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Volume 15, p. 15.
8. ↑ cL historia; in: Düsseldorf City History / Chronicle .
9. ^ In: Benrath historically, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Book 9, p. 44.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Friedrich Everhard von Mering : History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland , Volume 3, Cologne 1836, p. 104.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Friedrich Everhard von Mering: History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland , Volume 3, Cologne 1836, p. 105.
12. ^ ^{A b} Friedrich Everhard von Mering: History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland , Volume 3, Cologne 1836, p. 106.
13. ^ Friedrich Everhard von Mering: History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland , Volume 3, Cologne 1836, p. 107.
14. ↑ In: Benrath historically, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath , issue No. 7, p. 37.
15. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn; In: Statistics and Topography of the Regional District Düsseldorf ; 1836, second part, pp. 70 + 71.
16. ^ In: Benrath historically, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath ; Volume 15, pp. 25 + 28.
17. ↑ Groß-Benrather newspaper, in: Die Samtgemeinde Hilden-Eller-Benrath , 65th edition, November 2013.
18. ^ Friedrich Everhard von Mering: History of the castles, manors, abbeys and monasteries in the Rhineland , Volume 3, Cologne 1836, p. 108.
19. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt, in: Düsseldorf History from the Beginnings to the 20th Century , 1989, Schwann in Patmos Verlag, Volume 3, Fig. 34 / p. 172.
20. ↑ Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf Description of the administrative district of Düsseldorf according to its scope, its administrative division and population , Stahl, 1817, p. [22] 14.
21. ^ Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf Description of the administrative district of Düsseldorf according to its scope, its administrative division and population , Stahl, 1817, p. [21] 13.
22. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn (ed.): Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf 1836
23. ^ In: Materials on Düsseldorf Urban Development , Presseamt ​​Düsseldorf, VIII / 80-2, p. 12.
24. ^ The incorporations of 1909. Voss, Düsseldorf 1910
25. ↑ Welcome to the Eller indoor swimming pool. Retrieved April 4, 2019 .  
26. ↑ Resolution draft of the district council for the administration

Remarks

1. ↑ In the agreements between the city of Düsseldorf and the district of Düsseldorf for the incorporation of 1909, it was agreed on Jan. 7, 1909 that this small area should not be "incorporated" by Eller. (Düsseldorf, in: Report on the status and administration of community affairs for the period April 1, 1909 - March 31, 1910 / The incorporated communities of 1909. ) S. [43] XLV. Online version

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Eller  - Collection of images, videos and audio files