Oberbilk

Oberbilk district of the state capital Düsseldorf
Basic data
Geographic location :	51 ° 13 '  N , 6 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '  N , 6 ° 48'  E
Height:	38  m above sea  level
Surface:	3.94 km²
Residents:	30,446 (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	7,727 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation :	1384
District:	District 3
District number:	037
Transport links
Bundesstrasse :
S-Bahn :	S 1 S 6 S 8 S 11 P 28 P 68
Light rail :	U 74 U 75 U 76 U 77 U 79
Tram :	705 706
Bus route:	721 722 732 736
Night traffic:	NE 4 NE 5 NE 6 805 817

Oberbilk is a densely populated district of Düsseldorf that is located near the city ​​center and belongs to District 3 . In the past, the iron and steel industry shaped the former working class district. Since the last plants were closed in the early 1980s, Oberbilk has been going through a structural change .

Geography and population

location

Oberbilk is located east of Bilk , Friedrichstadt and the city ​​center . Flingern- Süd joins to the north . In the east the district borders on Lierenfeld and Eller . Wersten is located south of Oberbilk . The most densely populated northern part of Oberbilk is east of Düsseldorf Central Station in the middle of a large triangle of tracks . To the south are the Volksgarten , the Stoffeler Friedhof and the Südpark , some of which already belong to Wersten.

Population and social structure

Around 30,500 people live on 3.94 km². At around 35%, the proportion of foreigners is around 12.5 percentage points above the city average (all data as of December 31, 2016).

The low level of rents has attracted immigrants from different countries. The city is trying to make the district more homely by greening the streets and reducing traffic. Around the Lessingplatz, this part of Oberbilks now looks rather home-style. Many Italian , Moroccan and Turkish immigrants live at the southern end of Kölner Straße , as well as many Greeks and, recently, immigrants from Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa . In addition to long-established shops, there are now numerous shops that offer international goods. The Pine Street with its former squatters, the mosque at the Ronsdorfer road and lying there discos in the former Mannesmann steel plant are already in Flingern-South or Lierenfeld, but are separated by industrial areas of these districts, they that rather Oberbilk an urban unit form.

In the course of structural change, the resident population is being displaced by higher-income groups with a higher status ( gentrification ). These processes have so far been limited to "islands" in the district.

history

The beginnings (1384-1838)

Oberbilk belonged to the village of Bilk, which was incorporated in 1384 . It was a wooded and sandy area. From the Latin name for sand (space) arena , the name evolved Arenbilk (e) , which dialect to mid-18th century in Orenbilke , Orembilke or Orrenbilke changed. At the same time, the name Overbilke developed as early as the 14th century, which alluded to the higher elevation compared to Bilk. Oberbilk has been common since 1677. Until the end of the 18th century, the area was still dominated by agriculture.

Industrialization (1838-1945)

Residential building in Heerstrasse

In 1838 the routes of the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway and in 1845 that of the Cöln-Minden Railway Company were laid through Oberbilk. Around 1850 the demand for steel for railroad construction rose sharply and the steel producers looked for new locations. The good rail connection to the coal mines of the Ruhr area as well as the favorable land prices made Oberbilk an interesting location for the steel industry. The Richard brothers from Belgium built the first puddle steel plant in 1852. Other Belgian industrialists soon followed, such as Jean Louis Piedbœuf with further puddle steel works, a steam boiler factory, a sheet metal rolling mill and a nail factory.

In 1860 the industrial family Poensgen moved their plants to Düsseldorf and finally laid the foundation stone for the development of large-scale industry in Düsseldorf. The production facilities of Oberbilker Stahlwerke AG , formerly C. Poensgen , Giesbers & Co. , concentrated on the area where Bertha-von-Suttner-Platz and the southern entrance to the main train station are located today (former address Körnerstraße 34, which von Eisen - until Schlägerstraße ran). The Düsseldorf tube and iron rolling mill was located on Kölner Strasse with a connecting railway, as were the owners of several factory buildings.

As rapidly as industrial development progressed, residential areas for the workers emerged, essentially in the form of inexpensive and comfortable tenements. The majority of the workforce immigrated from quite different regions and milieus. Separated from the rest of the city by the tracks running on railway embankments, an independent, homogeneous local district culture and identity developed in Oberbilk. The writer Dieter Forte describes the district and its social structure in the period between the two world wars very vividly in his trilogy of novels The House on My Shoulders .

With three cinemas, twenty pubs, including one with a brewery and a good hundred shops, Kölner Strasse with Oberbilker Markt in the middle was the center of the new district. In addition to industry and workers' houses, handicrafts played an important role in the development of the district in the 19th century. These were small backyard businesses. This mixture of living in the front building and small businesses or handicrafts in the backyard characterizes Oberbilk to this day.

Reconstruction and decline (1945–1979)

Oberbilk was badly damaged in the Second World War. The war damage was repaired well into the 1970s, and renovation of the buildings was often out of the question due to the low rent level, so that the district threatened to go into neglect, especially after the last industrial jobs in Oberbilk in the 1970s and 1980s disappeared.

Structural change (since 1979)

Bertha-von-Suttner-Platz (eastern forecourt of the main train station)

The departure and decline of heavy industry from the district also offered new opportunities for urban development. After the Poensgen steelworks at the southern end of the main train station could be relocated to Holthausen in 1979 , the main train station was opened to the east to Oberbilk. With Bertha-von-Suttner-Platz , a second station forecourt was created, via which the district was connected to the main station and the city ​​center within walking distance . The new buildings around Bertha-von-Suttner-Platz are home to the central library of the city libraries, the adult education center, the central registration office and several courts.

In 1987 the Federal Garden Show took place. The 70-hectare exhibition area, which was predominantly in Oberbilk (partly in the area of ​​the former Stoffeln district , of which a large proportion was added to Oberbilk in 1975), comprised the Volksgarten and newly designed areas south of the park, which was completed in 1893. The opening was also preceded by extensive improvements in the living environment in the districts north of the Volksgarten in order to create an attractive walking connection from the main train station, which is already open to the east, to the BUGA site.

The subway construction followed from 1996 to 2002, which, among other influences , deprived the long-established retail trade on Kölner Strasse from its livelihood. In the meantime, the entire street was questioned as a shopping street and threatened to become neglected. As part of a 2.7 million euro above-ground redesign of the street between November 2003 and September 2004, the picture temporarily improved a little. In the summer of 2008, however, two customer magnets were closed. In autumn one of the last was closed. Vacancies reached new highs and the proportion of textile discounters , junk shops and fast food outlets had risen sharply. In terms of vacancies, however, there were hardly any left at the end of 2014.

View of Oberbilk, in the foreground the construction site of the justice center

To the east of Werdener Strasse and south of Erkrather Strasse, a new office area has been developed on a former Daimler AG factory site since the end of the 1980s , the "IHZ Internationales Handelszentrum". For example, PricewaterhouseCoopers , Deutsche WertpapierService Bank and a four-star hotel from the Spanish NH Hoteles chain were able to settle here. The location was loosened up with the 4- hectare IHZ park, which is followed by a new residential area. In 1999, Oberbilk was also included in the support program of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, “Social City NRW”. A financial volume of EUR 24 million was made available for Oberbilk and the neighboring Flingern. In 2010, the new building of the Düsseldorf regional and district court was opened on Oberbilker Markt .

The Deutsche Post AG site between Kölner Strasse and Erkrather Strasse has now become the property of Catella Corporate Finance GmbH. As part of an urban planning competition in 2011, Delugan Meissl took 1st place and Jürgen Mayer Hermann took 2nd place. A new urban quarter with up to 1,000 apartments as well as hotels, day-care centers and retail is planned for the project, now called “Living Central”.

The conversion of the former Düsseldorf-Lierenfeld freight yard to the Oberbilker area is already being implemented in 2016. Numerous new apartments are being built in the immediate vicinity of the regional and local court.

List of known people

• The philanthropist Emma Burmann lived and worked in Oberbilk.
• Pop singer Heino was born in Oberbilk in 1938.
• The author and journalist Mithu Sanyal was born in Oberbilk in 1971.
• Sahra Wagenknecht , a member of the Bundestag, is based in Oberbilk.
• The German rap artist Al-Gear comes from Oberbilk. He addresses this in many of his songs.

Transport and other infrastructure

Private transport

The district is dominated by three main traffic arteries. In the south, Oberbilker Allee forms an important east-west traffic axis for the state capital. From south-west to north-east, the B 8 divides the district and forms the “Lastring”, an important bypass of the Düsseldorf city center for heavy goods vehicles. From northwest to southeast, Kölner Straße leads from the city center to the southern districts of Wersten and on to Benrath . The planned Oberbilk bypass is intended to commence through traffic and relieve the Kölner Straße.

Transportation

The underground tram lines U74, U75, U76, U77 and U79 run under parts of Kölner Straße . The subway stations Handelszentrum / Moskauer Straße , Oberbilker Markt / Warschauer Straße , Ellerstraße and Oberbilk Bf./PhilipsHalle are located there .

Entrance to the Oberbilk train station

The S-Bahn station Oberbilk with lines S1, S6 and S68 is located in the district. Three other train stations, Düsseldorf Volksgarten , Düsseldorf Friedrichstadt and Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof , are directly adjacent to the Oberbilk district.

Administration and courts

Not far from the Volksgarten are the Düsseldorf-Mitte and -Süd tax offices. Since 1987 the regional labor court , the labor court in Düsseldorf, the finance court in Düsseldorf and the social court in Düsseldorf have been located in Oberbilk at Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 21 near the main train station.

At the beginning of 2010, the district court and the regional court moved from the old town to Oberbilk. In 2006 the construction and real estate company of North Rhine-Westphalia decided to build a new building for both courts on the former site of the United Kesselwerke . The foundation stone was laid on October 22, 2007. The construction costs of 80 million euros will be paid from the proceeds from the sale of the old courthouse on Mühlenstrasse. 900 jobs have been relocated to Oberbilk.

Schools and further education

In the densely populated north of the district there are three primary schools and one secondary school. This is also where the Lessing grammar school and vocational college are located, whose catchment area extends to the districts east and south of Oberbilk. The Benzenberg Realschule, the Joseph Beuys Comprehensive School and the Elly Heuss Knapp School (vocational college) are in the immediate vicinity on Siegburger Strasse in the south of Oberbilks. The Städt. Wim-Wenders-Gymnasium on Schmiedestrasse, which offers opportunities for specialization in the areas of robotics and IT and cooperates with Tanzhaus NRW and the Theater Museum.

The training center (WBZ) is conveniently located on the eastern forecourt of the main train station - Bertha-von-Suttner-Platz. They offer their services under one roof: the central library of the city libraries, adult education center, educational counseling, Competence Center for Talented Students Düsseldorf (CCB) and LVR Center for Media and Education.

In 2008 the Design Department Düsseldorf (Academy for Fashion and Communication) set up shop on Mindener Straße.

Event venues

The Mitsubishi Electric Halle , formerly Philipshalle, is located at Oberbilk train station - a multi-purpose hall for sporting events and concerts with a capacity of up to 7,500 people, completed in 1971 . In the Volksgarten, the cabaret artist Manes Meckenstock operates the “House of Joy”, a cabaret in a historic excursion restaurant.

retail trade

The southern section of Kölner Strasse is the traditional Oberbilker shopping street. There is another cluster of shops around the Gangelplatz. There is also a certain accumulation of Moroccan and Arabic shops, especially in the textiles and food sectors, on Kölner Straße.

Sights and art

On the occasion of the Federal Horticultural Show in 1987 , eleven artists created a sculpture park in the Südpark that existed after the horticultural show . Klaus Schrenk writes in: »The main idea behind this company was to document the special role that the Düsseldorf Art Academy and the internationally renowned artists who work there play in the history of the visual arts after 1945. […] [It] the permanent anchoring of the sculptures at a location in the Südpark creates a presentation that sheds light on the history of German sculpture in a particularly exemplary manner . "This is probably the most striking and best-known work of art in the ensemble of twelve sculptures or sculptures Time field by Klaus Rinke , which consists of 23 regularly arranged standing normal clocks and one normal clock lying on the floor at the western entrance to the Volksgarten .

The Josef Monument , created in 1990 by sculptor Bert Gerresheim , stands on Josefsplatz . Friends of old cars and motorcycles meet in the Classic Remise in the listed roundhouse from 1931.

• 

  "Zeitfeld" at the Volksgarten
• 

  Josef Monument on Josefplatz
• 

  Vintage cars in the Classic Remise

Individual evidence

1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 037 - Oberbilk
2. ↑ OpenStreetMap / Relation / Oberbilk (92371). Retrieved February 20, 2010 . 
3. ↑ https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/stadtteile/Oberbilk_037.pdf Statistical information about Oberbilk on duesseldorf.de
4. ↑ Local transformation processes in the Global City: Düsseldorf-Oberbilk structural change in a district close to the cytina. (= Düsseldorfer Geographische Schriften. 37). Geographical Institute of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 1998.
5. ^ Hermann Kleinfeld: Düsseldorf's streets and their names. Grupello, Düsseldorf 1996, ISBN 3-928234-36-6 , p. 253.
6. ↑ Site (today Stahlwerkstrasse) directly behind the main train station, aerial photo 1927
7. ↑ Cölnerstrasse 172, 174, 176, 178 E. Düsseldorfer Röhren- und Eisenwalzwerke. Abth. I Drahtwerk, Abth. II Rohrwerk, Abth. III puddling plant. Houses No. 182, 186, 188, 190 (E. Düsseldorfer Röhren- und Eisenwalzwerk) , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf for the year 1899, p. 565
8. ↑ Houses at Cölnerstrasse No. 165, 167 (E. Düsseldorfer Röhren- und Eisenwalzwerk) , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf for the year 1899, p. 559
9. ↑ We're still there too. In: Rheinische Post. Local edition E1, February 22, 2008.
10. ↑ RP of March 19, 2008: Strauss closes branches in Holthausen and Oberbilk  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ RP ONLINE: Düsseldorf: Is Kölner Strasse better than its reputation? Retrieved May 18, 2019 . 
12. ↑ duesseldorf.de
13. ↑ duesseldorf-realestate.de
14. ↑ Thorsten Breitkopf: Düsseldorf: 370 new apartments for the Oberbilk district. In: RP ONLINE. Retrieved September 12, 2016 . 
15. ^ NRZ from September 10th, 2009: Sahra Wagenknecht catching votes in Düsseldorf
16. ↑ Welcome to the Schmiedestraße high school. Retrieved on August 31, 2018 (German). 
17. ↑ Jörg Janssen: Düsseldorf: Gymnasium Schmiedestrasse should become a talent factory. In: RP ONLINE. Retrieved September 12, 2016 . 
18. ^ State capital Düsseldorf: Düsseldorf Economic Development Agency
19. ^ ^{A b} Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf - Kulturamt (Ed.): Sculptures in the Südpark Düsseldorf. P. 5, Düsseldorf 1987.

literature

• Günthe Glebe, Helmut Schneider (Eds.): Local Transformation Processes in the Global City, Düsseldorf-Oberbilk - Structural Change in a City District. (= Düsseldorfer Geographische Schriften. 37). Geographical Institute of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 1998, ISSN  0935-9206 , p. 59ff, p. 92ff.
• Hugo Weidenhaupt: A Brief History of the City of Düsseldorf. 9th edition. Triltsch, Düsseldorf 1983, pp. 111 f, 124, 130 f, 151.
• Udo Acht: Düsseldorf on foot. VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-87975-485-3 , p. 216 ff.
• Sonja Schürmann: Düsseldorf A modern state capital with 700 years of history and culture. 2nd Edition. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1988, p. 36, p. 295.
• Harald Frater u. a. (Ed.): The Düsseldorf Atlas. Emons, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89705-355-1 , p. 124f.
• Anne Mommertz: Oberbilk. The story of an industrial district. Droste, Düsseldorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-7700-1385-2 .

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Oberbilk  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Social City NRW
• State capital Düsseldorf - Framework plan "Oberbilk - Flingern"
• New construction of the district and regional court
• Diercke World Atlas: Düsseldorf-Oberbilk
• Local transformation processes in the global city: Düsseldorf-Oberbilk - structural change in a city-related district, Düsseldorf 1998