Urdenbach

Urdenbach district of the state capital Düsseldorf
Basic data
Geographic location :	51 ° 9 ′  N , 6 ° 52 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′  N , 6 ° 52 ′  E
Height:	38  m above sea  level
Surface:	7.56 km²
Residents:	10,633 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	1,406 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation :	August 1, 1929
District:	District 9
District number:	096
Transport links
Bus route:	730 778 779 784 788 789
Night traffic:	NE 7

Urdenbach is a district of Düsseldorf in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and currently has around 10,700 inhabitants who live over an area of ​​7.56 km² (as of December 2016).

The following spellings are used for the name Urdenbach in old documents: Vrdenbach, Vyrdenbach, Oerdenbach and, until the 19th century, Ordenbach. Before 1592, the name was often given the preposition up , op or of . There are several variants of the name interpretation. One of these variants is based on a Celtic name for swampland , which was designated Urdefa . According to another variant, the name is derived from the stream that still runs through Urdenbach today ( see also: Urdenbacher Altrhein ). In a map sketch from 1674 the southern branch of the Itter Ordenbach is called. Up the Ordenbach would have been a location name for a settlement. A document from 1523 confirms this variant. It is stated here for the church play Benrath: "Raede ader Benraide in the land of van Berge near the Vyrdenbach" .

Geographical location

Urdenbach is located in the very south of Düsseldorf and borders in the north on the Benrath district and the Schlosspark, in the east on the Garath district , in the west the Rhine forms the border and in the south the old Rhine bed with the adjoining floodplain landscape , which serves as a nature reserve and floodplain , cannot be built on. Of the latter, called Urdenbacher Kämpe , the northern part belongs to Urdenbach and the southern part, from about the height of Haus Bürgel , to Monheim am Rhein .

history

General

Urdenbach must have existed by the beginning of the 14th century at the latest. In a court investigation from 1555, among other things, a village Ordenbach is mentioned for the Monheim office in 1363 . In a further document from 1385 the Oerdenbach is given for the location of a courtyard . A court seal from 1454 is used for the Ordenbach and Hemmelgeist district court . For this dish it is stated that the honschaff (locality) Ordenbach provide 3 Scheffen (Schöffen) and Hemmelgeist the Vogt and 4 Scheffen for the 5 honschaften : Benrod, Itter, Hemmelgeist, Wersten and Holthusen. In the late Middle Ages, Urdenbach was one of the main towns alongside Himmelgeist in the south of Düsseldorf.

Old courthouse from 1535

In the court investigation of 1555, 5 courts are named for the Monheim office, besides Monheim: Hittorp, Richrod, Ordenbach and Hemmelgeist . This document also states : "are unijrt and Hemmelgeist beaten in Ordenbach" . The court thus met in Urdenbach. The half-timbered house, Urdenbacher Dorfstraße 44/48, which was built in 1535 and still exists today, is used as the courthouse. It is noteworthy that the courts in Himmelgeist and Urdenbach were the only ones in the Monheim district to have their consultations in the Kreuzberg main court .

To the old pharmacy

Half-timbered house

Old documents from the Braß-Gut, Buchholzer Hof, Hof Vollhausen and Haus Endt are available for the larger estates and farms in the Urdenbach district . The area around the village of Urdenbach consisted largely of forests until after the 15th century, some of which belonged to the St. Quirin women's monastery in Neuss. Parts of these forests were cleared and the new lands leased or sold.

• In 1430 the Bergisch chancellor Peter von Lennep acquired the Vollhausen farm from the Neuss chapter. Later owners of the farm in the 16th century are the Hammerstein family and then the lords of Troisdorf.
• In 1438 the Buchholzer Hof is listed as the property of the St. Quirin women's monastery in Neuss. The monastery leased the farm to Halfmännder . They had to pay half of the farm income to the monastery as a lease fee. The farm remained in the possession of the monastery until secularization in 1802, when it became the property of the state. In 1830 the farm was acquired by Johann Peter Urban Leven, the mayor of Benrath. In 1842, Prince Peter von Arenberg bought the farm from the owner Leven. In the 20th century the owner changed several times until it became property of the city of Düsseldorf. In the early 1970s, the courtyard was demolished for the Garath building.
• In 1664 the reformed community of Urdenbach acquired the ownership rights to the Braß-Gut .
• The front building at Endt, which was demolished in 1974, was built in 1659. The courtyard with mansion, barn and stables is older. From the Kappel family, a Peter Kappel (born 1586) testified during the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia that the Reformed religion was already practiced in Benrath and Urdenbach in 1582 . Peter Kappel's father, Gerhard Kappel, already runs the Endt farm . When the electoral prince Jan Wellem convened the state parliament in 1682, the estates refused to meet in the former moated castle of Benrath . You therefore opened negotiations in the Endt House . Around 1770 the Kappel family had to sell the farm because they had fallen out of favor with the then Elector Carl Theodor . After that, the farm changed hands several times. The last private owner, Diergardt, sold the farm to the city of Düsseldorf in 1960.

With the decline of the Rhine trade, the place lost its importance from the end of the 18th century, and in 1808 during the French era , Düsseldorf-Benrath became the upper municipality in what is now the south of Düsseldorf. The former greater importance of Urdenbach can still be seen today in the many sights and half-timbered houses . These include the Böke-Pomp from 1874, the Spritzenhaus from 1784, the baroque Evangelical- Calvinist village church from 1692/1693 and the neo-Romanesque Catholic Sacred Heart Church . From 1893 to 1894 the choir and two longitudinal bays were built from this church. The final expansion and completion took place in 1914.

Economic activities

After the late Middle Ages, Urdenbach was a village in which the population did not only farm and fish, but also trade and manufacture pottery. Urdenbach was an important trading place with a trading port on the Old Rhine, which was formed after an extreme flood in the 14th century. The main focus of the trade was the distribution of wood that reached Urdenbach via rafts.

The importance of the port in the Middle Ages can be seen in the siege of the city of Neuss by Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1475. The replacement corps for Neuss, which the city of Cologne provided, chose Urdenbach as the location for the supply warehouse. The supplies were delivered via the port by Rhine ships.

The important timber trade is documented in 1580. Furthermore, in various editions of the "Gülich Bergischen weekly news" in the middle of the 18th century there was a report about the frequent arrival of timber merchants in Urdenbach.

Mill monument in Urdenbach

A mill near the Old Rhine existed until the 20th century. It originally belonged to the Benrath Castle and was leased. This mill had to be renewed in the 14th century and the location was relocated a little to the east, directly from the bank. In 1774 the tenant at the time had committed himself in the lease contract to build a new mill in the area of Haus Endt on a pond there. However, this further change of location for the mill was not carried out and it remained at the second location until it was later demolished. A memorial at the end of Urdenbacher Dorfstraße currently reminds of this mill.

In addition to Benrath, pottery was widespread in Urdenbach until the 19th century. The pottery produced had a very good reputation far beyond the Duchy of Jülich-Berg. In a letter from Elector Karl Philipp of October 28, 1717 to the Düsseldorf court chamber, he instructed them to refer the young Russians Peter the Great would send to Berg to learn the pottery to the pottery. Currently only the Töpferstrasse in the village indicates this formerly operated handicraft.

In the first half of the 19th century, work began on expanding the Rhine and increasing the speed of the current by building additional dykes and creating Kribben . This suppressed the formation of sandbanks in the main river area and made shipping easier. Nevertheless, around the middle of this century, the use of river pilots, who knew the local conditions in the nearer river area more precisely, was still common. In 1845 4 Urdenbach pilots were confirmed by the Prussian district government for the areas upstream of the Rhine “Urdenbach to Piwipp ” and downstream “Urdenbach to Stürzelberg”.

In the second half of the 19th century the port was silted up and trade across the Rhine largely ceased. In addition to agriculture, wool and silk weaving, the production of mud bricks and salmon fishing were operated in the village.

religion

Urdenbach village church

At the end of the 16th century, the Protestant and Reformed faith was widespread in the area of ​​the Duchy of Berg . After Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm changed from Protestant to Catholic faith at the beginning of the 17th century, he supported the Counter-Reformation in his area of ​​government. The majority of the population in the Rhineland became Catholic again.

The only exception in today's city of Düsseldorf was the then rural community of Urdenbach. As mentioned in the section Haus Endt , the testimony of Peter Kappel shows that Benrath and Urdenbach had been using the Reformed religion since 1582. With the influx of Dutch Protestants from the southern parts of the Netherlands because of the oppression by the Catholic-Spanish rule there at that time, an important Reformed community was created in Urdenbach. Since the Wittelsbach heir Wolfgang Wilhelm was still a supporter of the Reformation at the beginning of his takeover of power in Jülich-Berg, the Benrath Church was handed over to the Protestants by the Duke from 1609. At the same time, the previous “secret” community in Urdenbach became a public reformed community. But since the Duke converted to the Catholic faith in 1613, the short-term public Protestant period had to be ended again from 1616.

In contrast to the community in Benrath, the majority of the Urdenbach Protestants did not return to Catholicism and now had to hold their services temporarily in private buildings. Under their then pastor Arnold Bockhacken , the first small Protestant church was built in Urdenbach from around 1628, which was destroyed by French mercenaries in 1673. After the religious comparison of 1672 between the dukes of Brandenburg and Jülich-Berg, the suppression of the Reformed faith in Berg was partially lifted. Since there was still a dominant Reformed congregation in Urdenbach, the foundation stone of the current village church was laid in 1683 under the pastor Anton Meier . This new church building was completed by 1693, but was not put into operation until 1696.

The building was erected on the site of a Braß estate acquired in 1664 by the municipality on a long lease . It is one of the oldest Protestant churches in the city of Düsseldorf. The Berger and the Neander Church are only a few years older. The village church still did not need to be hidden in a back yard, like the other two churches in Düsseldorf.

Sacred Heart Church

In a description from 1715 of the Duchy of Berg, it is stated that only the village of Urdenbach was reformed at that time for the Monheim office and the parishes of Düsseldorf at that time with the surrounding communities .

Although the proportion of Catholics in the total population in Urdenbach already clearly exceeded that of Protestants at the beginning of the 19th century, the Catholic community of Benrath was also responsible for the Urdenbacher for a very long time. Of the almost 1,100 people living in the village, in 1832 there were 642 Catholics and only 410 Protestants and 25 Jews.

When, with the settlement of industry in the greater Benrath area in Urdenbach at the end of the 19th century, the number of Catholic believers continued to rise sharply due to the influx of people, the need for a separate church in the village grew steadily. The construction of the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus did not begin until 1893. As early as 1894, services could be held in the not yet finished new church. The church was completed by 1912.

An indication of the former special situation of the Protestant and Catholic religion in the Benrath / Urdenbach area are the currently valid borders of the parishes. Deviating from the communal boundaries, the Protestant community boundary extends from Urdenbach in the northeast to Telemannstrasse / Spohrstrasse / Flotowstrasse. The responsibility of the Catholic parish ends at Koblenzer Straße / Südallee. Both areas thus include areas that are now part of Benrath. The reason for this is probably the greater importance of Urdenbach compared with Benrath before the 19th century.

Housing development

With the industrialization in the greater Benrath area at the end of the 19th century, an increased immigration of people into the community of Urdenbach began. These settled largely in and around the old village center. These were predominantly the areas between Angerstrasse in the west, Leostrasse, which was renamed Töpferstrasse from 1930, in the east, Kohlhagenstrasse in the north and limited in the south by the flood dam on the Old Rhine. Until the end of the Second World War , the surrounding municipal areas were still largely areas that were used for agriculture.

In the area of ​​the “Urdenbacher Acker” street, however, the construction of a small settlement for short-time workers began as early as 1933. On October 12, 1934, this settlement was officially named "Urdenbacher Acker". This was followed on November 24, 1937 at the suggestion of the city administration in the closer area of ​​this settlement, the naming of various dirt roads by the police chief. These newly named streets included: Leutweinstrasse, Lüderitzstrasse, Meyer-Waldeck-Strasse, Petersstrasse, Sodenstrasse, Solfstrasse, Trothastrasse and Woermannstrasse. The area of ​​the Urdenbacher Acker street at the short-time work settlement was also extended to the south beyond the new Woermannstraße. Four of the streets were named by the National Socialists "after honorable men in German colonial history". These were Theodor Gotthilf Leutwein (1849–1921), Franz Adolf Eduard von Lüderitz (1834–1886), Carl Peters (1856–1918) and Adolph Woermann (1847–1911).

After the war, the development plan north of Lüderitzstrasse was changed and instead of Meyer-Waldeck-Strasse and Throtastrasse, the area east of Solfstrasse was restructured with new streets. Areas in Urdenbach that were still undeveloped were almost completely urbanized by new settlements until around the end of the 1990s, apart from the Urdenbacher Kämpen. For example, the following new settlements were created:

• The " Schlosspark-Siedlung " was built in 1947 as the first of the new settlement areas for around 100 families southwest of Koblenzer Straße. The streets of the settlement are Peter-Adolphs-Straße, Peterstraße, Eßliger Straße, Kammerathsfeldstraße, Reutlinger Straße and Woermannstraße. Typical for this settlement were larger plots with small single-family houses, large gardens and small stalls for small livestock such as chickens, rabbits and goats or sheep. In some cases, the size of the parcel was reduced for settlement densification from the end of the 1990s, thus creating building sites for further buildings. The settlement celebrated its 70th anniversary in 2017.
• The "Corelli Quarter" was mainly built between the early 1970s and the early 1980s. It lies between Südallee, Bahndamm, Koblenzer Straße and ends in the south at the Gymnasium Koblenzer Straße and the “Theodor-Litt-Realschule”. The latter two school complexes were built in 1967 and 1969. The settlement area is on Corellistraße, the namesake, which is a ring road in the middle of the settlement. In contrast to the Schlosspark-Siedlung, the parcels in this area were smaller and in addition to bungalows, multi-storey rental houses and buildings for condominiums were built.
• With the establishment of the " Haus Endt-Siedlung ", which was laid out from the end of the 1980s, the last, still larger, undeveloped area in Urdenbach between Urdenbacher Dorfstrasse and the Rhine was opened up for settlement. The name refers to an old farm complex that can be traced back to the 15th century, whose farmsteads were located in the far east of the current settlement. This courtyard was acquired by the city of Düsseldorf in 1960 and was demolished in 1974. At the beginning of the 1970s, a large part of the former courtyard area was acquired by the "Bremer Treuhandgesellschaft", which wanted to develop and build on the area. Because of financial problems, the processing of an order in Algeria led to high losses for the Bremen company, many properties in Urdenbach from the holdings of this company were foreclosed in 1977. The main connecting and residential street in this settlement, in which both bungalows and multi-storey houses have been built, is Haus-Endt-Straße. This street branches off from Urdenbacher Dorfstraße south of the Benrath hospital .

Benrather line - language border

The Benrath Line language border runs through Urdenbach . A nice little example is the Bücherstraße (books = beeches), which leads past the Böke Pomp (pump on the beeches).

Urdenbacher Kämpe nature reserve

Urdenbacher Kämpe

The ecologically valuable nature reserve Urdenbacher Kämpe , a meadow landscape and floodplain, lies on the border with Monheim am Rhein . This area includes the area between the Rhine and an oxbow lake of the river, which was created when the Rhine shifted its course several hundred meters to the west in the 14th century after a flood .

regional customs

Blotschen and wooden wheelbarrow at Thanksgiving

For the Thanksgiving Day on the 1st Sunday after September 29th there is a parade , which now always starts at 1:00 p.m. (it used to be 2:00 p.m.) on Urdenbacher Acker and by the decorated wagons of old tractors (some from the 1920s and 1930s Years) or drawn by workhorses. The Schürreskarren race then begins at the Böke-Pomp on Hochstraße. The locals wear as "Blotschen" designated Holzklotschen ( wooden shoes ) and run with wooden wheelbarrow laden with fruit and vegetables, through the village.

Localities

The rock and blues bar “Zur Alten Apotheke”, also known as “Theke”, is particularly well known for its live concerts.

Main entrance of the Gymnasium Koblenzer Straße (Kobi)

Shopping

There is a small shopping center in Urdenbach. The retail trade is represented by an Edeka branch, a branch of the Pass bakery and a flower shop. There is also a grill room, four restaurants, a cafe and two pharmacies.

schools

• Elementary schools
  • Community elementary school Garather Straße
  • Community elementary school Südallee
• Further training
  • Gymnasium Koblenzer Strasse
  • Theodor Litt Secondary School

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Urdenbach  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Office for Statistics and Elections of the State Capital Düsseldorf ( Memento from December 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ): Statistics for the district 096 - Urdenbach
• Homepage of the Citizens' Association of Urdenbach am Rhein
• Urdenbacher Info Portal - entrance to Urdenbach in the net
• - Bürgererschützenverein Düsseldorf-Urdenbach eV

Individual evidence

1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 096 - Urdenbach
2. ^ Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein, volumes 19-21, commissioned by A. Marcus, 1883, p. 108 [1]
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Benrath historically; In: Volume 15 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 18.
4. ↑ Hans Bahlow; In: Germany's geographical world of names ; TB.
5. ↑ Benrath historically; In: Volume 15 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 17
6. ↑ Helmut Ackermann; In: Düsseldorf-Urdenbach history of the evangelical community and the place ; 1992, pp. 16-18.
7. ↑ Benrath historically; In: Volume 15 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 19
8. ↑ Wisplinghoff, Erich. In: Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century . In: The rural environment: I. On the right bank of the Rhine . 1990, 2nd edition, Schwann 1988 Patmos Verlag, editor: Hugo Weidenhaupt, p. 395. ISBN 3-491-34221-X
9. ↑ ^{a b} Benrath historically; In: Issue 9 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 35
10. ↑ Benrath historically; In: Issue 9 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 34 + 35
11. ↑ Benrath historically; In: Issue 9 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 32 + 33
12. ↑ In: Issue 7 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 45
13. ^ Aloys Hermanns, in: Geschichte Benraths und Umgebung , 1889, p. 44.
14. ^ In .: issues from 1769 to 1701 , example: 1769, no. 3, p. [24] -. Online version
15. ↑ In: Issue 5 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 38
16. ↑ In: Issue 5 ; Series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 33.
17. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf, in: Rheinbau 1839 to 1842, Urdenbach / Angerort area , 1845, p. [160] 154. Online version
18. ↑ In: Official Journal for the Düsseldorf District , 1845, p. [160] 154. Online version
19. ↑ Köpping, in: 50 excursions in the immediate vicinity of Düsseldorf / closer to the .. places , 1886, p. [41] 35. Online version
20. ^ Heinrich Friedrich Jacobson. In: Historical sources of the Protestant church law of the province of Rhineland and Westphalia . 1844, p. [179] 157. Digitized edition
21. ^ Aloys Hermanns, in: Geschichte von Benrath und Umgebung , 1889, Düsseldorf, p. [51] 43. Digitized edition of the ULB Düsseldorf
22. ^ Aloys Hermanns, in: History of Benrath and the surrounding area , 1889, Düsseldorf, pp. [51 to 54] 43 to 46.
23. ↑ In: Volume 15 ; Benrath historical, series of publications of the archive of the home community Groß-Benrath; P. 17.
24. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn (ed.): Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. Second part, section Düsseldorf, p. 69
25. ^ In: Kleine Urdenbacher Post ; Volume 5, No. 11, February 1987, p. 21.
26. ↑ ^{a b} In: RP Online Report from June 12, 2017 . Castle park settlement
27. ^ In: Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region. No. 43 . 1934, p. [413] 356.
28. ^ In: Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region. No. 53 . 1937, p. [424] 332.
29. ^ In: Administrative report of the city of Düsseldorf. Construction management. Development matters . January 1, 1968 - December 31, 1969, p. [110] 107.
30. ^ In: Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region. Supplement to No. 48 . 1977, p. [1252] 935.
31. ^ In: Zeit Online, message of May 20, 1977 . Losses in Algeria, will the New Home take over?