Angermund

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Coat of arms of the state capital Düsseldorf
Angermund

district of the state capital Düsseldorf
DEU Angermund COA.svg
Location in the city area
Basic data
Geographic location : 51 ° 20 '  N , 6 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 20 '  N , 6 ° 47'  E
Height: 30  m above sea  level
Surface: 13.29 km²
Residents: 6,580 (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 495 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
District: District 5
District number: 055
Transport links
Bundesstrasse : B8
S-Bahn : S 1
Bus route: 728 751

Angermund is the northernmost district of Düsseldorf and is halfway between the city centers of Düsseldorf and Duisburg (both 12 kilometers away). Angermund has around 6,600 inhabitants, covers an area of ​​13.29 km² (both as of December 31, 2016) and is located in Düsseldorf's district 5 . The formerly independent community in the Angerland district , which was first mentioned in 1188 in the register of Archbishop of Cologne Philipp von Heinsberg , was incorporated into Düsseldorf on January 1, 1975. Angermund is assigned to the Duisburg local network by telephone and, with 0203, is the only district with a different area code than the rest of the Düsseldorf city area.

Angermund is one of the richest districts in Düsseldorf. The annual average income here is 66,491 euros (as of December 31, 2007).

coat of arms

Blazon : In black, a bishop in golden (yellow) regalia and golden (yellow) miter with a golden (yellow) bishop's staff in his left hand, a silver (white) halo and red pallium . In the right hand the coat of arms of the Counts and Dukes of Berg; a blue-armed, red, double-tailed (a split and crossed tail), soaring lion.

Meaning: The coat of arms is based on the seal of the old town and Freyheit Angermund from 1521; it is believed to be even older. It shows Bishop Engelbert I of Cologne , who was previously Count Engelbert II von Berg (according to Bergisch counting, but also simply Count Engelbert von Berg ). He holds the coat of arms of the Duchy of Berg in his right hand, to which Angermund belonged for a long time.

archeology

In 1998 an extraordinary archaeological site was discovered in a field in the local area of ​​Angermund. Initially, the small formats of the few remains of the processing of flint stones , namely core stones, chips, lamellas and small-format blades, were more reminiscent of inventories of finds from hunter-gatherer communities of the Middle Stone Age (approx. 9300-5500 BC). As there was no clearly datable legacy, three area-wide systematic inspections were carried out in the course of 2015 in order to be able to assess the actual dating of the square more closely. This revealed an unexpectedly wide expansion of the total find area. In terms of the amount of find material, the number of finds remained well below the expectations of a Mesolithic site. In addition, many of the flint finds showed a "blue-whitish" to "porcelain-like white" surface change. This phenomenon was caused by the long-term action of geochemical influences (patination) with the consequence of a change in the surface of the flint pieces stored in the ground.

The space in the subsequent professional archaeological evaluation and discussion of material from a total recovered could finally a human stay of representatives of the pen knife culture (about 12,000 to 10,700 v. Chr.) The late Paleolithic be assigned. During this time, the tendency to manufacture smaller basic shapes and tool inserts had already started, which became the norm in the Middle Stone Age.

Graver from the inventory of finds from the late Palaeolithic storage area in Düsseldorf-Angermund

The inventory of finds on the site includes numerous evidence of flint processing on site, e.g. B. pleats, core stones, cuts, slats and short blades, especially burins, short scratches and some documents from back knives. In the Paleolithic Age, burins were a preferred type of device that is associated in particular with the processing of antlers and bones. The evidence of back tips was decisive for the cultural classification of the find inventory. Among these two documents were of back tips on the type of pen knife . These are asymmetrical tips with a curved, retouched back. They are the first archeologically proven arrowheads in Central Europe and Scandinavia . In addition, the old broken-off tip section of a back tip was found with a continuously retouched back line. This variant is represented in almost all find inventories in the entire distribution area of ​​the penknife culture and belongs to the regular range of shapes of the projectiles of this period.

The evidence of a finely crafted symmetrical back tip with a classically curved, retouched back line turned out to be exceptional. The base of this back tip has also been retouched all around. The retouching ends in the area of ​​the upper third of the cutting edge. As a result of the retouching carried out all round, a stock tongue was set off in the area of ​​the base.

Late Paleolithic back tip ("Sophienspitze") with a stepped base (length 3.7 cm) and evidence of a recently damaged penknife from Düsseldorf-Angermund

As the extensive research on comparative finds in other inventories of penknife finds in Central Europe and Scandinavia showed, "stalked penknives" represent a phenomenon that has so far only rarely been recorded. This type was described for the first time for the penknife find place at Brümmerhof in the Rotenburg (Wümme) district in Lower Saxony : "have symmetrical back tips occasionally also a retouched handle and thus combine elements of the penknife groups and the handle tip groups (Pl. 24,12). "

Handled penknives seem to be a phenomenon in the north in particular. Due to the peculiarity already clearly recognizable at the time of discovery, this projectile was dedicated by the discoverer of the place to his granddaughter Sophia, who was born at the time of the discovery, with the name "Sophienspitze". The unusual find evidence of a stalked, symmetrical spine in the inventory of penknife finds from Angermund indicates the direction from which the people came on their hundreds of kilometers of hikes to the Lower Rhine. This is also indicated by the almost exclusive use of Nordic flint for toolmaking.

For the first time, the local area of ​​Angermund has handed down a complexly structured site from the time of the late Stone Age penknife groups to the right of the Rhine. The site is located in the immediate vicinity of a silted-up meander of an old arm of the Anger. Floodplains were used particularly intensively by the bearers of the knife culture. They offered fresh water, were rich in game, birds and fish, offered a rich vegetable food reservoir and all the necessary organic materials that were necessary for the manufacture of everyday utensils.

What the Angermunder Platz could not offer was the material flint, which was processed on the site to produce basic forms and tool inserts. The flint stones were brought into the square by the people. It is almost exclusively “Nordic flint” and a few specimens of so-called Meuse eggs . Meuse eggs are pieces of flint that have been displaced and rolled in the river and come from the Meuse region, which could be picked up in the deposits of the course of the Rhine near the Angermunder site. The closest deposit of Nordic flint stones that can be reached above ground and can still be processed today is located east of the storage area in the area of ​​ice-age bed load deposits near Ratingen-Breitscheid . There, the need for flint could have been covered by targeted searches and transported to the storage area as a supply. Some of the pieces of flint entered as a supply of material remained unused at the Angermund site. Perhaps they thought of going back to the site when the opportunity arose and using the supplies left behind.

A river rubble used on both sides as an underlying anvil for working flint, a quartzite striking stone with pronounced traces of work for processing the flint raw pieces, as well as silicified clay slate rubble with few retouching scars and the special feature of two opposing facets on one narrow end complete the find inventory.

As a special find, a small-format stone bead was picked up, which was included in a research project of the prehistoric faculty of the University of Cologne. The aim is to clarify whether the unusual find was created naturally or whether it was deliberately punctured. Even a naturally created stone pearl in this place would be a noticeable specialty. Small-format perforated stone objects have been found again and again in connection with the legacies of late Stone Age cultures. Such a pearl, sewn onto a bag made of fur or leather, could have served to close a lid by pulling a loop of tendon or fibers attached to the lid over the pearl and thus fixing the closure.

To date, a total of 80 find places of the feather knife culture on the Lower Rhine and in the adjoining low mountain range have been recorded with specialist archaeological security and included in the centrally managed index. The site at Angermund was the last to be discovered for this cultural phenomenon to be found number 80. As the only known storage site for penknife culture on the right-hand Lower Rhine, the site at Angermund plays an important role in the current reconstruction of the movements of people during this period. It lies directly on the line of the overland route from the Hellweg zone in alignment with the now scientifically documented and prehistorically used Rhine crossing on the large Rhine bend in Uerdingen. The Angermund penknife find place is not only an outstanding archaeological monument for regional archeology and prehistory. The square is also of outstanding importance for the understanding of extensive hiking movements and for the use of natural areas in the course of the late Paleolithic in the Rhineland.

history

Angermund and the fortified courtyard there were mentioned for the first time in 1188 in a list of the Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg , and named there as castrum Angermund et curiam (Latin for " Angermund Castle and Town Hall"). The name Angermund is probably derived from the Anger flowing through Angermund , but not, as one might initially assume, from its confluence with the Rhine in the vicinity , but from the connection with the old German word Munt (= "protection", "castle") ). Under Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne , the courtyard , which may have been inhabited since Franconian times, was expanded to become Angermund Castle. The walls were reinforced, a mighty tower was built and a moat was built around the castle. Towards the end of the 12th century, the Counts of Berg acquired the place. From 1247 Angermund Castle was a "permanent loan" from the Bergern. The widow of Count Adolf VI. von Berg , Agnes von Kleve , chose the castle as her widow's residence after her husband's death in 1348.

Located between the imperial cities of Kaiserswerth and Duisburg , Angermund marked the northern border of the Bergisch territory. The strategic importance of the place is also shown in the fact that Angermund is first referred to as freedom in a document from 1423 . The exact time when this privilege was granted is not known. In 1504, Heltorf Castle was destroyed by fire. During the Truchsessian War in 1586 , the Angermund office was badly hit by Spanish troops. At the beginning of the early modern period, Angermund had lost its strategic importance, but remained the administrative seat of the office.

In 1637 the foundation stone was laid for what is now the Catholic Church of St. Agnes . It took over twenty years to build. In 1651 Brandenburg land rifles stormed Angermund Castle . In 1665 and 1666, numerous Angermunders fell victim to the plague. At that time, Friedrich Christian von Spee began building the new Heltorf Palace. The place was ravaged by French troops during the Seven Years' War , who were defeated by Ferdinand von Braunschweig in the Battle of Krefeld in 1758 . In 1796 Angermund became a municipality during the French period . In the same year the cemetery was inaugurated.

After the Rhineland fell to Prussia in 1815 , Angermund was assigned as mayor of the Düsseldorf district, created in 1816, and the place itself was classified as a titular town . In 1846 the foundation stone was laid for the new building of the Catholic church, which was destroyed by fire. In 1876 Angermund received a railway stop and a post office. The connection to running water and the equipment with electric street lighting took place in 1909. Angermund was bombed during the First World War; Spartacists disarmed a battalion stationed in Angermund. In 1929, the mayor's office in Angermund was dissolved as part of a reorganization of the Düsseldorf administrative district . With the exception of the northern districts of Großenbaum and Rahm , which were assigned to the newly founded urban district of Duisburg-Hamborn (from 1935 only called Duisburg ), Angermund now belonged to the newly founded district of Düsseldorf-Mettmann and was added to the Ratingen-Land office in 1930 . In 1938 the new train station was inaugurated. Angermund was also bombed during the Second World War in 1941 and, after the end of the war, became part of the British occupation zone. In 1952 the Protestant parish hall was inaugurated. In 1963 the NRW Ministry of the Interior approved the new city coat of arms.

As part of the municipal reorganization of North Rhine-Westphalia, Angermund lost its status of an independent municipality on January 1, 1975 and has been a district of the state capital Düsseldorf since then.

In 1998 the new Protestant church was inaugurated.

Angermund has retained a lot of independence even after the incorporation. This is ensured not least by the local clubs, above all the St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft, the Angermunder Kulturkreis, the Turnverein Angermund von 1909 e. V. (TVA), the equestrian corps and the carnival society. Angermund organizes a carnival and a shooting festival according to old tradition. Equestrian games take place at Pentecost, which also attract a national audience.

traffic

Angermund can be reached via the Duisburg-Rahm junction of the federal motorway 524 and from Düsseldorf via the federal highway 8n . Angermund has a stopping point for the train of the line S1 . All other rail traffic runs through Angermund. It is noteworthy that the naming of the Angermund stop stands out from the otherwise usual system in Düsseldorf with the naming of the city name in front of the district. Angermund can also be reached with the 728 bus from Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth and the 751 bus from Ratingen- Hösel and Ratingen-Lintorf .

Characteristic for Angermund is the traffic-related separation of the local area into four parts. The Cologne – Duisburg railway line, running in a north-south direction, divides Angermund into an east and a west. The state road  139 crosses Angermund in an east-west direction and divides the place into a northern and a southern part. The L 139 connects parts of the Mettmann district and, via the L 60, the southern districts of Duisburg with the federal highway 8n. Due to the resulting volume of traffic, the Angermund thoroughfare is subject to high traffic loads. The L 139 (Angermunder Straße) and the L 60 (Rahmer Straße) are generously developed in the Angermund area.

Due to the planned expansion of the Cologne – Duisburg railway line and the construction of two new tracks west of the existing road and a. for the rail traffic of the Rhein-Ruhr-Express , the east-west separation in Angermund could be strengthened. This would come into play if the developer’s noise protection plans were implemented. These envisage building more than four meters high soundproof walls through the district. Alternatively, an enclosure on the same terrain is proposed as a soundproofing solution.

Attractions

Typical residential street
Carved street signs
Heltorf Castle
Catholic Church of St. Agnes Angermund
Hubertuskapelle, is officially in Angermund, but is closer to Wittlaer
Chapel of St. Agnes, Kalkweg in Angermund

Heltorf Castle is a moated castle with an extensive castle park and significant rhododendron plantings; some consider it the most important knight's seat in the north of Düsseldorf. Presumably there was already a courtyard here at the beginning of the 8th century, called "helethorpe". Towards the end of the 12th century, the names of those from Heldorp appear for the first time in old documents. In 1649 Christian von Spee acquired the castle, which has been the headquarters since 1662 and is still owned by the family today. Heltorf Castle is the first classicist building in the period after Napoleon. Heltorf Castle itself is not open to visitors. The castle park can be visited from May to October for a fee.

A few hundred meters south of Heltorf Castle is the old manor Haus Bilkrath , now used as a riding stables. Northwest of Schloss Heltorf, d. H. In the northernmost part of the Angermund district and the city of Düsseldorf, there is the knight's seat in Groß-Winkelhausen and the Hubertus Chapel from the 18th century . On the far northern edge of the district there was an old oil mill until May 2014 , the origins of which went back at least to the 15th century. In the 15th century, the oil mill, like the nearby sand mill, belonged to the Lords of Winkelhausen . The above-ground parts of the building were demolished in May 2014.

At the southern end of the old town center of Angermund is Angermund Castle , also known as the cellar. Angermund Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Düsseldorf. The northernmost bastion of the Counts of Berg was first mentioned in the 12th century, when the Archbishop of Cologne Philipp von Heinsberg acquired the "Castrum Angermond" in 1188. Count Engelbert I had the castle rebuilt between 1218 and 1222 and added a high tower.

From the entrance to the winery (Angermund Castle), Graf-Engelbert-Straße leads directly into old Angermund. It is the oldest street in "City and Freyheit". The small houses built close together with the blinds in front of the windows have retained their village character. The exit or entrance to this street was previously protected by the north gate, which is now rebuilt from wood and cardboard every year for the shooting festival. The center of Graf-Engelbert-Straße is the Catholic Church of St. Agnes , a neo-Romanesque basilica that dates back to the renovation of a chapel from the 17th century.

At the northern end of Angermund is the Dominican convent of St. Catherine of Siena.

The excavation of gravel resulted in three quarry ponds in and around Angermund. Today they are partly used as (wild) bathing lakes and attract visitors, especially from the Ruhr area.

Sports

Nationally known is the " TV Angermund ", whose handball department played in the field handball league for several years . Other Angermund sports clubs are:

  • Angermunder Tennis Club eV
  • Equestrian Corps Angermund 1928 eV
  • Windsurfing Club Angermund eV Düsseldorf

Personalities

education

The following schools are located in Angermund:

  • Friedrich-von-Spee-Schule, community elementary school

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Angermund  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 055 - Angermund
  2. Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X .
  3. Statistical Yearbook Düsseldorf 2012 (PDF; 8.3 MB).
  4. a b c Udo Garding: Rose city Angermund - history. In: stadt-angermund.de. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016 ; Retrieved November 5, 2013 .
  5. Klaus Gerken: Studies on early and late Paleolithic and Mesolithic settlement in the area between Wümme and Oste , in: Archaeological reports of the district of Rothenburg (Wümme) 9 (published on behalf of the district of Oldenburg), 1993, p. 27.
  6. Thomas van Lohuizen: New traces on old ways - Archaeological find in the early 21st century , in: Die Quecke - Ratinger and Angerländer Heimatblätter (Ed. Verein Lintorfer Heimatfreunde eV), No. 88, December 2018, pp. 35–42 .
  7. Martin Heinen: The Federmesser-Horizont on the Lower Rhine and in the adjacent low mountain range - regional and internal organization , in: Festschrift for the 65th birthday of Claus-Joachim Kind (ed. Michael Baales , Clemens Pasda ), Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2019, p. 359-380.
  8. ^ City and Freyheit Angermund. Retrieved August 26, 2012 .
  9. LVR. In: Internet version Herrschaft Berg . Herrschaft Berg ( Memento from December 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  10. Albrecht Brendler. In: The development of the Bergisches Amt Angermund. University of Bonn, Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. 1999, ed. 63, p. [161] 147.
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 291 .
  12. ^ Initiative Angermund eV .
  13. Winkelhauser Ölmühle has to give way to the motorway . In: Nordbote, No. 2, Volume 23 of February 12, 2010, page 7.
  14. Convent of St. Catherine of Siena.Retrieved on Feb. 27, 2017.